Full text of "Transactions of the Engineering Institute of Canada"

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THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE JOURNAL OF

THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

OF CANADA

TO FACIUTATE THE ACQUIREMENT AND INTERCHANGE
OF PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AMONG ITS MEMBERS,
TO PROMOTE THEIR PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS, TO
ENCOURAGE ORIGINAL RESEARCH, TO DEVELOP AND
MAINTAIN HIGH STANDARDS IN THE ENGINEERING
PROFESSION AND TO ENHANCE THE USEFULNESS
OF THE PROFESSION TO THE PUBUC "

JANUARY 1924

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF CANADA

AT 176 MANSFIELD STREET, MONTREAL

Vol. VII

No. 1

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December, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE JOURNAL OF THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF CANADA

Published monthly at 176 Mansfield Street, Montreal, by The Engineering Institute
of Canada, Incorporated in 1887 as The Canadian Society of Civil Engineers.

Index to Volume VII

January to December, 1924

Page
Abrams, Prof. Duff A., M.E.I. c, Tests of Impure Water for

Mixing Concrete 303

Abstracts of Papers: —

Airplane Photographs for Map-Making, Prof. H. L. Cooke,

(Ottawa B -anch) 254

Asbestos Production, J. A. Bradley (Hamilton Branch) 39

Bacteriology as Applied to Sanitation, Dr. Reid, (Kingston

Branch) 100

Breakwater Construction at Malta, J. A. Grant, a.m.e.i.c,

(St. John Branch) 252

Cause of Lack of Balance in Automobile Engines, H. A.

Macintosh, (Toronto Branch) 167

Canada's Artie Expedition, 1923, J. D. Craig, m.e.i.c,

(Ottawa Branch) 167

Canada's Mineral Resources, Prof. H. W. McKiel, m.e.i.c,

(Moncton Branch) 305

Composition and Matter, Rev. Father Morton, (Winnipeg

Branch) 164

Construction and Operation of Queenston-Chippawa Power

Canal, A. C. D. Blanchard, m.e.i.c, (St. John Branch) 698

Decennial Responsibility of the Engineer, The, John T.

Hackett, K.C., (Montreal Branch) 163

Determination of Stress by Photo-Elastic Method, G. H.

Rowat, (Toronto Branch) 166

Development and Scope of Forest Engineering, The, B. E.

Claridge, Ph. b.m.f., (St. John Branch) 104

Engineer in the Nation, The, Sir Arthur Currie, g.c.m.g.,

k.c.b., (Montreal Branch) 306

Engineering Education not Taught in Colleges, K. H. Smith,

m.e.i.c, (St. John Branch) 253

Engineering Achievements in Canada, Prof. Peter Gillespie,

m.e.i.c, (Hamilton Branch) 160

Engineer'sAttitude Toward Accountancy.The, F. A. Bowman,

m.e.i.c, (St. John Branch) 253

Expert Evidence, Harold Fisher, K. c. , M. l. a. , (Ottawa Branch) 38

Few Electric Transmission Economies and their Relation to

Rate Fixing, Budleigh Faraday (St. John Branch) .... 214
Financing of Mineral Enterprises, Prof. R. C. Wallace,

(Winnipeg Branch) 164

Financing of Public Utilities, O. E. Fleming, K.C., (Border

Cities Branch) 162

■ Financing of Water Power Projects, A. F. Nesbitt, (Montreal

Branch) 163

Fire Protection, Chief Hardy (Lethbridge Branch) 100

Flow of Water on Artificially Constructed Surfaces, F. C.

Scobie, (Calgary Branch) 653

Forestry, Col. H. J. Stevenson (Winnipeg Branch) 254

Foundations and Steel Structures, C. F. Draper, M.E.I.C,

(Lethbridge Branch) 99

Fuel Problem of Ontario, James White, m.e.i.c, (Kingston

Branch) 206

Future Importance of Canada's Tremendous Mineral

Resources, Dr. R. C. Wallace, (Ottawa Branch) 305

Gold Mining in Northern Ontario, A. F. Brigham, (Peter-
borough Branch) 105

Heating, F. R. Ewart, m.e.i.c, (Toronto Branch) 37

Page
Ice Formation and Prevention, Dr. Howard T. Barnes,

(St. John Branch) 159

(Halifax Branch) 160

Inspection of Materials, R. J. Marshall, m.e.i.c, (Toronto

Branch) 37

Klydomograph, The, J. F. Peters, (Hamilton Branch) 255

LaGabelle Power Development, L. H. Burpee, S.E.I. C,

(Toronto Branch) 167

Low Temperature of Distillation of Coal, The, W. R. McGie,

(Border Cities Branch) 36

London's Street Railway Situation, A. E. K. Bunnell,

A.M.E.I.C, (London Branch) 307

Mechanical Stokers and the Use of Pulverized Coal, John

T. Farmer, M.E.I.C, (Halifax Branch) 306

Mechanical Cutting, Loading and Haulage in Coal Mines,

S. W. Farnham (Cape Breton Branch) 694

Mine Ventilation, A. L. Hay, a.m.e.i.c, (Cape Breton

Branch) 208

Natural Resources of New Brunswick, Dr. Bigelow,

(Moncton Branch) 216

Patents, Herbert J. Dennison, (Toronto Branch) 36

Powdered Coal as an Industrial Fuel, A. J. T. Taylor,

(Ottawa Branch) 106

Progress in Aviation, Wing Commander E. W. Stedman,

o.b.e., m.e.i.c, (Ottawa Branch) 253

Public Speaking and the Engineer, Prof. W. H. Greaves,

(Toronto Branch) 108

Queenstown-Chippawa Power Development, H. G. Acres,

D.So., M.E.I.C, (Halifax Branch) 169

Road Building, Germain P. Graham, (Border Cities Branch) 208

Sewage Disposal, E. B. Besselieve, (London Branch) 100

Sewage Problem on both sides of Detroit River, C. W. Hub-
bell, (Border Cities Branch) 35

Special Tests on Concrete, I. F. Morrison, (Edmonton

Branch) 252

Striking Developments in Science, Dr. H. M. Tory, (Ottawa

Branch) 254

Telephone, The, W. R. Pearce, m.e.i.c, (Moncton Branch) 99
Telephone Transmission, A. A. Turnbull, jr.E.i.c, (St. John

Branch) 35

Transportation Situation in Toronto, H. H. Couzens, (Toronto

Branch) •■■«•■ 165

Town Management, Gordon S. Stairs, a.m.e.i.c, (Halifax

Branch) 213

Water Power Development in Canada, A. L. Ford, M.E.I.C,

(Calgary Branch) I 68

Waterproofing of Concrete, J. C. Rothermal (Border Cities

Branch) 694

Water Purification, George W. Fuller, m.e.i.c, (Hamilton

Branch) 207

Water Resources in Canadian National Parks,

H. B. Muckleston, m.e.i.c, (Vancouver Branch) 253

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

December, 1924

Page

Abell, H. C, M.E.I.C., personal 734

Acres, H. G., m.e.i.c, The Generation of Hydro-Electric Power

in Canada 383

Personal 300

Activities in Lethbridge, Alta 302

Addresses Wanted 46, 693, 736

Aeroplane in Surveying and Engineering, The Use of the, Ellwood

Wilson, M.E.I.C 3

Aeroplane Surveving, Prof. H. L. Cooke 599

Allen Method, Hydraulic Efficiency Tests on 43,000 h.p. Unit by

the Gibson Method and the, W. R. Way, jr.E.i.c 625

Discussion 699

Amendments to By-laws, editorial 293

American Society for Testing Materials 313

American Water Works Association Convention 302

American Society of Mechanical Engineers Presents Illuminated

Resolution, Editorial 149

Anderson, George Gray, m.e.i.c, obituary 153

Angus, Prof. R. W., M.E.I.C, personal 689

Annual General and General Professional Meeting, editorial ... 24

Annual Meeting, Report of thirty-eighth 85

Registration 88

Annual Reports of Branches 64

Annual Reports of Committees 53

Appreciation from the Press, editorial 193

Application of Compressed Air in Industry, The, F. A. McLean 492
Arkley, Prof. L. M., m.e.i.c, Efficiency in Steam Power Plant

Operation 635

Association of Professional Engineers of British Columbia,

Annual Meeting 33, 112

Association of Professional Engineers of Manitoba 171

Association of Professional Engineers of New Brunswick 171

Association of Professional Engineers of Nova Scotia 171

Aviation, Civil, Sir W. Sefton Brancker, K.C.B 223

Discussion 227

Banff-Windermere Highway, The, J. M. Wardle, a.m.e.i.c 91

Barry, Augustus Burges, m.e.i.c, obituary 249

Begg, William Arthur, a.m.e.i.c, obituary 646

Bernier, J. A., a.m.e.i.c, personal 689

Bigwood, H. M., a.m.e.i.c, personal 648

Biographies Committee, Annual Report 63

Blair, D. E., a.m.e.i.c, Power in Transport 502

Board of Examiners and Education Committee, Annual Report 56

Bowden, William A., M.E.I.C, obituary 152

Brakenridge, Chas., M.E.I.C, personal 251

Branch and Institute Officers, 2, 50, 118, 176, 222, 268, 318, 546, 590,
624, 662, 702

Branch News: —

Border Cities Branch 35, 162, 208, 694, 737

Calgary Branch 39, 105, 168, 214, 261, 308, 617, 653, 740

Cape Breton Branch 167, 207, 694

Edmonton Branch 104, 165, 694

Halifax Branch. 107, 169, 213, 618

Hamilton Branch 39, 160, 207, 259, 309

Kingston Branch 100, 161, 206, 694, 743

Lethbridge Branch 35, 99, 162, 206, 216, 260, 695

London Branch 35, 100, 206, 308, 695

Moncton Branch 99, 164, 216, 308, 583, 740

Montreal Branch 102, 162, 210, 260, 309, 743

Niagara Peninsula Branch 103, 162, 310, 584, 652, 743

Ottawa Branch 38, 106, 167, 213, 262, 308, 618, 652, 696, 738

Peterborough Branch 38, 105, 259, 696, 737

Quebec Branch 104, 308

Saguenay Branch 617

Saskatchewan Branch 209, 584, 617, 653, 697, 740

Sault Ste Marie Branch 209, 259, 697

St. John Branch 35, 104, 159, 214, 262, 311, 583, 697, 740

Toronto Branch 36, 108, 165, 211, 739

Vancouver Branch 215, 262, 698

Victoria Branch 159, 207, 259, 584, 652, 698, 738

Winnipeg Branch 164, 217, 259, 698, 739

Branch Reports, Annual 64

Brancker, Sir W. Sefton, k.c.b., Civil Aviation 223

Discussion 227

Brantford Holds Interesting Celebration, paragraph 613

Brickenden, W. T. jr.E.i.c, personal 32

Bridge, Proposed Montreal-South Shore 728

Breithaupt, W. II., m.e.i.c, Grand River Conservation and

Power Development 604

British Association for the Advancement of Science, Meeting of 585

Editorial 608

British Columbia's Lumber Exhibit at Wembley 582

Bronson, C. B., Steel Rails 703

Bruce, H. W. H, a.m.e.i.c, obituary 94

Buchanan, E. V., m.e.i.c, Chairman Victoria Branch, Inaugural

Address 101

Page
Building Trades in Canadian Centres, October 1923, Current

Wages in the 109

July 1924 586

Bumyeat, J. P., m.e.i.c, obituary 94

Burpee, Lawrence J., The International Joint Commission and the

International Water Powers of Canada 528

Busfield, J. L., M.E.I.C, The Hudson Bay Railway 282

Butler, M. J., C.M.c, M.E.I.C, A Method of Calculating a Fair
Rate of Transportation of Western Coal. Discussion, by
Prof. W. M. Treadgold; Prof. W. T. Jackson; and

M. J. Butler, cm.g., m.e.i.c 20

Caddy, John St. Vincent, M.E.I.C, obituary 610

Cam, W. G. H., a.m.e.i.c, Use of Electric Power in the Cement

Industry 484

Cambie, H. J., M.E.I.C, personal 84

Campbell, William F., a.m.e.i.c, obituary 249

Camsell, Charles, LL.D., m.e.i.c, The Fuel Problem 186

Canada at the World Power Conference, editorial 534

Canadian Engineering Standards Association, Annual Report . . 58

Editorial 149

Galvanized Steel Wire Strand, Specification 307

Meeting of Main Committee 42

Progress of Work 582

Tungston Lamp, specification 34

Canadian Engineers in London, editorial 575

Canaoian Engineers Resent Allegations, editorial 295

Canadian National Committee of the International Electro-
Technical Commission, Annual Report 60

Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Annual Meeting 112

Carroll, Cyrus, m.e.i.c, obituary 297

Casey, M.T.S., The Use of Power for Port Facilities 486

Cement Industry, Centennial of, 1924, paragraph Ill

Centenary of Lord Kelvin, editorial 576

Chace, W. G., m.e.i.c, personal 250

Challies, J. B., m.e.i.c, Water Powers of Canada 323

Personal 691

Christie, Prof. C. V., and Julian C. Smith, m.e.i.c, Electric

Power Transmission and Distribution in Canada 421

Christie, Prof. C. V., A.M.E.I.C, The Cost of Hydro-Electric Power 117

Discussion 180

Civil Aviation, Sir W. Sefton Brancker, k.c.b 223

Discussion 227

Clarke, J. L., a.m.e.i.c, Inductive Co-ordination as a Practical

Problem 591

Classification and Remuneration Committee, Annual Report ... 60

Editorial 148

Clement, S. B., m.e.i.c, Recent Developments on the Temiska-

ming and Northern Ontario Railway 12

Coal, A Method of Calculating a Fair Rate for the Transportation
of Western, M. J. Butler, cm.g., m.e.i.c, Discussion, by
Prof. W. M. Threadgold; Prof. W. T. Jackson; and

M. J. Butler, cm.g., m.e.i.c, 20

Coal, The Storage of Bituminous, W. Seymour, m.e.i.c 183

Coffin, Charles A., Foundation Fellowship 201

Committees, Institute, Annual Reports 53

Competition for Montmorency Bridge Design 692

Compressed Air in Industry, The Application of, F. A. McLean 492

Concrete in Sea Water, A. G. Tapley, a.m.e.i.c 663

Concrete, Tests of Impure Water for Mixing, Prof. Duff A.

Abrams, m.e.i.c 303

Confederation of Electrical Workers, editorial 192

Concrete Committee makes Progress, editorial 644

Considerations on a Project of Town Planning for the Island of

Montreal, S. J. Fortin, m.e.i.c 639

Consideration in the Design and Construction of Highways,

Patrick Philip, m.e.i.c 602

Consulting Engineers' Charges, editorial 243

Cooke, Prof. H. L., Aeroplane Surveying 599

Corporation of Professional Engineers of Quebec, Annual Meeting 313

Cost of Hydro-Electric Power, The, Prof. C. V. Christie, A.M.E.I.C 177

Discussion 180

Correspondence : —

Employment Service Appreciated 44

An Invitation from the Institution of Civil Engineers 110

Work of Zirphaea Crispata 110

Rural Road Construction in Ontario 110

Some Observations Regarding Relations between the

Junior and his Superior 172

Insulation and Heating Possibilities for Buildings 313

The Tensile Reinforcement of Concrete Dams. 313

Early Discussion on Railway Construction 620

Critical Speeds 655

Repairing Bridge with Electric Arc 657

Discussion on Hydraulic Efficiency Tests 699

Construction of Reinforced Concrete Grain Elevators 744

Railway Construction in Northern Nigeria 744

Concrete in Sea Water 744

December, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Page

Cot6, Hon. J. L., a.m.e.i.c, obituary 686

Council, Members of, 2, 50, 118, 176, 222, 268, 318, 546, 590, 624, 662 ,702

Council, Report of, for the Year 1923 51

Critical Speeds, F. M. Wood, a.m.e.i.c 655

Crossley, Frederick, M.E.I.C., obituary 197

Dams, Tensile Reinforcement in Concrete, J. B. Macphail,

A.M.E.I.C 200

Correspondence 313

Davies, P. T., Utilization of Power 447

Davidson, William Alexander, m.e.i.c, obituary 154

Dawson, A. S., m.e.i.c, The Deterioration and Preservative

Treatment of Timber 558

deKermor, L. G., Electric Steam Generators 673

Desy, Louis Arsene, m.e.i.c, obituary 297

Deterioration and Preservative Treatment of Timber, The,

A. S. Dawson, M.E.I.C 558

Deterioration of Concrete in Alkali Soils Committee, Annual

Report 61

Development of the Process of Sewage Disposal, R. O. Wynne-
Roberts, m.e.i.c 713

Deville, E. G., Hon. m.e.i.c, obituary 686

Doane, F. W. W., m.e.i.c, personal 299

Doane, H. W. L., m.e.i.c, personal 612

Duchastel de Montrouge, Major J. A., m.e.i.c, personals . 580, 613

Dunlap, John H., obituary 610

Dunlop, Thomas Thomson, a.m.e.i.c, obituary 610

Dwight, H. B., D.Sc., a.m.e.i.c, personal 156

Early Discussion on Railway Construction, correspondence .... 620
Editorial Announcements: —

Annual General and General Professional Meeting 24

The Young Man in Engineering 24

The Work of the Institute's Fuel Committee 25

Annual General Meeting 82

The McCharles Prize 82

A Correction 82

Ottawa Meeting Attains High Standard 83

Students' Prizes 83

Prizes for Successful Designs 83

To Catalogue the Library 83

Kelvin Medal Award 83

Eminent Railway Builders 84

The Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Invite

Institute Members to Annual Meeting 148

Permanent Honour Roll 148

Classification and Remuneration 148

Canadian Engineering Standards 149

American Society of Mechanical Engineers presents Artis-
tically Illuminated Resolution to The Institute 149

All Members are Urged to Assist in Completing War Service

Records 192

Confederation of Intellectual Workers 192

Institute Receives Invitations to Special Functions in London 193

Appreciation from Press 193

The Engineer in the Hydro Commission 195

Income Tax of Engineers 242

Publication of Discussions on Papers 242

First World Power Conference 242

The Leonard Foundation 243

Consulting Engineers' Charges 243

Invitation from Institute of Chemistry 244

American Society to Meet in Montreal 1925 245

Lignite Utilization Board Report 245

The Moberly Fund 247

World Power Conference Membership Privilege 248

Investigating Hudson Bay Railway 292

Invitation to Saguenay 292

Institution of Municipal and County Engineers 292

Kelvin Centenary Celebrations 292

Annual Meeting in Montreal 293

Amendments to By-laws 293

National Advisory Committee Appointed 294

Canadian Engineers Resent Allegations 295

The July Journal 534

Canada at the Power Conference 534

Officers of the Canadian Management Committee 536

The First World Power Conference 574

Canadian Engineers in London 575

Standard Tests Code for Hydraulic Power Plants 576

The Centenary of Lord Kelvin 576

Annual Meeting Montreal 608

British Association for the Advancement of Science 608

President Surveyer to be Honoured 644

Concrete Committee Makes Progress 644

Fuel Committee's Recommendations 645

Page

Why Engineers are Underpaid 684

Nominations for Officers' Ballot 685

Contributions to War Memorials. . . , 726

Annual Meeting in Montreal 726

Memorial to James Watt 731

President Beatty Counsels Engineers 731

Efficiency in Steam Power Plant Operation, Prof. L. M. Arkley, 734

m.e.i.c 635

Elections and Transfers, 33, 97, 156, 201, 256, 581, 649, 691, 734

Electric Lamps, Recent Developments in, J. T. Scott 526

Electric Power Transmission and Distribution in Canada,

Julian C. Smith, m.e.i.c, and Prof. C. V. Christie, a.m.e.i.c 421

Electric Steam Generators, L. G. deKermor 673

Electrical Service for Rural Districts, F. A. Gaby, d.So., m.e.i.c 458

Electricity in the Canadian Home, F. A. Gaby, d.Sc., m.e.i.c. . . . 451
Electro-Chemical and Electro-Metallurgical Uses of Power,

L. E. Westman 498

Employment Service Appreciated, correspondence 44

Engineer, in the Hydro Commission, The, editorial 195

Exchange Privileges for Transactions 616

Faulkner, F. P., m.e.i.c, Chairman Halifax Branch, Retiring

Address 107

Finance Committee, Annual Report 54

Finley, James, obituary 40

Foreman, A. E., m.e.i.c, personal 31

Fortin, S. J., m.e.i.c, Considerations on a Project of Town Plan-
ning for the Island of Montreal 639

Francis, Walter J., m.e.i.c, presidential address 150

Obituary 196

Fraser, Alex, a.m.e.i.c, personal 733

Fry, Reginald Drayson, A.M.E.I.C, obituary 732

Fuel Committee, Institute, Annual Report 58

Fuel Committee of the London Branch, Report of 202

Fuel Committee's Recommendation, editorial 645

Fuel Committee, Report of Institute 678, 721

Fuel Committee, The Work of the Institute's, editorial 25

Fuel for Canadian Locomotives, Pulverized, A. J. T. Taylor. . . . 633

Fuel Problem, The, Charles Camsell, ll.d., m.e.i.c 186

Fuel Resources of Canada and their Utilization for the Production

of Power and Other Purposes, B. F. Haanel, M.E.I.C 361

Gaby, F. A., D.So., M.E.I.C, Electrical Service for Rural Districts 458

Electricity in the Canadian Home 451

Personal 300

Garner, A. C, m.e.i.c, Chairman, Sask. Branch, Retiring Address 218
Generation of Hydro-Electric Power in Canada, The, H. G.

Acres, D.So. M.E.I.C 383

Gibson Method and the Allen Method, Hydraulic Efficiency

Tests on 43,000 h.p. Unit by the, W. R. Way, Jr.E.l.c 625

Discussion 699

Gibson, Norman R., m.e.i.c, personal 198

Golden Jubilee of 1'Ecole Polytechnique 112

Gosselin, Joseph, Jr., Affiliate E.I.C, I obituary 647

Govan, James, Insulation and Heating Possibilities in Buildings 231

Correspondence 313

Graduates in Engineering, Recent 301

Grand River Conservation and Power Development, W. H.

Breithaupt, M.E.I.C 604

Gray, Edwin R., a.m.e.i.c, obituary 687

Grande Decharge Power Development, Progress on the 1 13

Green, F. C, M.E.I.C, personal 96

Greene, Nathan Hanson, a.m.e.i.c, obituary 611

Gronou, William Frederick, m.e.i.c, obituary 249

Haanel, B. F., m.e.i.c, The Fuel Resources of Canada and their

Utilization for the Production of Power and other Purposes 361

Haywara, R. F., m.e.i.c, obituary 297

Heating Possibilities in Buildings, Insulation and, James Govan 231

Correspondence . : 313

Highways, Consideration in the Design and Construction of,

Patrick Philip, M.E.I.C 602

Hodgins, Lt.-Col. Frederick Owen, D.S.O., M.E.I.C, obituary.... 731

Hogg, T. H., m.e.i.c, personal 300

Honour Roll and War Trophies Committee, Annual Report .... 61

Prizes for Successful Designs, editorial 83

Permanent Honour Roll, editorial 148

Contribution to War Memorial, editorial 726

Hudson Bay Project: —

An Economic Examination of the Hudson Bay Railway

Project, W. Nelson Smith, M.E.I.C 269

The Hudson Bay Railway and Port Nelson, L. C. Nesham,

a.m.e.i.c 278

The Hudson Bay Railway, J. L. Busfield, m.e.i.c, 282

Investigating Hudson Bay Railway, editorial 292

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

December, 1924

Page

Hunter, Robert Easton, M.E.I.G, obituary 249

Hydraulic Efficiency Tests on 43,000 h.p. Unit by the Gibson

Method and Allen Method, W. R. Way, jr.E.i.c 625

Discussion 699

Hydro-Electric Power in New Brunswick, paragraph 258

Illumination, W. H. Woods 522

Income Tax of Engineers, editorial 242

Inductive Co-Ordination as a Practical Problem, J. L. Clarke,

A.M.E.I.C 591

Irrigation Systems, Robert S. Stockton, m.e.i.c 8

Inspection of Coking Plant in Hamilton, paragraph 157

Institute Committees, 23, 147, 191, 291, 607, 660, 683, 725

Insulation and Heating Possibilities in Buildings, James Govan 231

Correspondence 313

International Joint Commission and the International Water

Powers of Canada, Lawrence J. Burpee 528

International Mathematical Congress, editorial 302

Johnston Street Bridge, The, F. M. Preston, a.m.e.i.c 717

Keefer Building in Montreal, paragraph 171

Kelvin Medal Award 83, 292

Editorial 576

Kennedy, J. H., m.e.i.c, personal 84

Kensit, H. E. M., A.M.E.I.C., The Use of Power in the Mineral

Industries of Canada 477

Kipp, Theodore, Jr., a.m.e.i.c, personal 250

Koen, James Doyle, S.E.I.C., obituary 732

Lacroix, Emile, a.m.e.i.c, personal 579, 612

Lamont, A. W., a.m.e.i.c, personal ' 251

Leeper, R. W., The Utilization of Power in the Pulp and Paper

Industry 473

Legislation and By-laws Committee, Annual Report .... 56

Leonard Foundation, The, editorial 243

Library and House Committee, Annual Report '.'.'.'.'. 53

Library, Publications added to 43 114

156, 170, 217, 316, 577, 586,6i8,' 658, 748

Library, To Catalogue the, editorial 83

Lignite Utilization Board Report . . . . . 245

London Branch, Report of the Fuel Committee of the, ......... 202

Lome Bridge, Brantfora, Ont '.'.'" 613

Lumbering Industry in British Columbia, Power Requirements

in the, A. M. Smith 488

Map of Water Powers of the Dominion

Macphail, J. B., a.m.e.i.c, Tensile Reinforcement in Concrete

Dams

Correspondence /

MacRae, A. E., a.m.e.i.c, personal

McCharles Prize, The, editorial

McGill University, List of Graduates, 1924

McLachlan, D. W., m.e.i.c, The St. Lawrence River Problem

Discussion

McLean, F. A., The Application of Compressed ! Air in Industry

Meetings, Announcement of 42> 170, 205,

Melville, Capt. J. L., a.m.e.i.c, personal

Meriwether, Coleman, Affiliate e.i.c, obituary.. .
Metallurgical Re-Heating Furnaces for Blooms, Billets ' arid

Slabs, A. P. Theuerkauf, m.e.i.c

Method of Calculating a Fair Rate for the Transportation of

Western Coal A, M. J. Butler c M. c, m.e.i.c Discussion

&• T P o 0f ', ™- M ' ThradgoW; Prof. W. T. Jackson; and

M. J. Butler, C M. c, M.E.I.C

Miller, Frederick Fraser, m.e.i.c, obituary.. ...... '.'.

Mills, Nathaniel Child, M.E.I.C., obituary. ....

Mineral Industries of Canada, The Use of Power in the H E M

Kensit, M.E.I.C

Moberly Fund, The, editorial . . ..

Montreal-South Shore Bridge, Proposed. ...

Montmorency Bridge Design, Competition for

Muckleston, H. B., M.E.I.C., personals 155

359

200
313
299
82
301
119
142
492
693
155
732

547

20
732

296

477
247
728
692
579

National Advisory Committee Appointed, editorial 294

Nesham, L. C, a.m.e.i.c, The Hudson Bay Railway' and Port
Nelson

278

Nominating Committee, Annual Report, 1924 kn

Nominations for Officers Ballot, editorial aA

Nova Scotia Mining Society, Annual Meeting 505

Nova Scotia Technical College, List of Graduates, i924 301

Obituaries: — Page

Anderson, George Gray, m.e.i.c 153

Barry, Augustus Burges, M.E.I.C 249

Begg, William Arthur, a.m.e.i.c 646

Bowden, William A., M.E.I.C 152

Bruce, H. W. H., A.M.E.I.C 94

Burnyeat, J. P., m.e.i.c 94

Caddy, John St. Vincent, m.e.i.c 610

Campbell, William F, a.m.e.i.c 249

Carroll, Cyrus, m.e.i.c 297

C6t6, Hon. J. L., a.m.e.i.c 686

Crossley, Frederick, m.e.i.c 197

Davidson, William Alexander, m.e.i.c 154

Desy, Louis Arsene, m.e.i.c 297

Deville, E. G. Hon. m.e.i.c 686

Dunlop, Thomas Thomson, a.m.e.i.c 610

Francis, Walter J., m.e.i.c 196

Fry, Reginald Drayson, A.M.E.I.C 732

Gosselin, Joseph, Jr., Affiliate E.I.C 647

Gray, Edwin, R., A.M.E.I.C 687

Greene, Nathan Hanson, A.M.E.I.C 611

Gronau, William Frederick, m.e.i.c 249

Hayward, R. F., m.e.i.c 297

Hodgins, Lt.-Col. Frederick Owen, D.S.O., M.E.I.C 731

Koen, James Doyle, S.E.I.C 732

Hunter, Robert Easton, M.E.I.C 249

Meriwether, Coleman, Affiliate E.I.C 732

Miller, Frederick Fraser, m.e.i.c 732

Mills, Nathaniel Child, m.e.i.c 296

Odell, Charles M., m.e.i.c 576

Powell, Archibald Olin, m.e.i.c 30

Rainboth, George Louis, A.M.E.I.C 30

Rheaume, Louis Napoleon, M.E.I.C 687

Riddell, Andrew Johnston, a.m.e.i.c 646

Shaughnessy, Lord, K.c.v.o., Hon. m.e.i.c 29

Steckel, Louis Jos. Rene, M.E.I.C 732

Symes, John Alfred, a.m.e.i.c 610

Way, William Cecil, M.E.I.C 153

Young, Frank M., m.e.i.c 296

Odell, Charles M., m.e.i.c, obituary 576

Officers Ballot, Nominations for, editorial 685

Ogilvie, Noel, m.e.i.c personal 580

Ontario Provincial Division, Annual Report 63

Ottawa Meeting Attains High Standard, editorial 83

Pacy, E. H., a.m.e.i.c, Repairing Bridge with Electric Arc,

correspondence 657

Papers Committee, Annual Report 57

Past-Presidents' Prize Fund, Annual Report 61

Personals 30, 94, 154, 197, 250, 298, 577, 611, 647, 687, 733

Philip, Patrick, m.e.i.c, Consideration in the Design and Con-
struction of Highways 602

Personal 689

Port Facilities, The Use of Power for, M. T. S. Casey 486

Powell, Archibald Olin, m.e.i.c, obituary 30

Power in Canada, The Generation of Hydro-Electric, H. G. Acres,

D.sc., m.e.i.c

Power Development, Grand River Conservation and, W. H.

Breithaupt, M.E.I.C 604

Power, Electro-Chemical and Electro-Metallurgical Uses of,

L. E. Westman

Power in Transport, D. E. Blair, a.m.e.i.c

Power in the Cement Industry of Canada, The Use of, W. G. H.

Cam, a.m.e.i.c

Power in the Mineral Industry of Canada, The Use of, H. E. M.

Kensit, m.e.i.c 477

Power in the Pulp and Paper Industry, The Utilization of, R. W.

Leeper 473

Power Requirements in the Lumbering Industry in British

Columbia, A. M. Smith 488

Power, The Cost of Hydro-Electric Power, Prof. C. V. Christie,

a.m.e.i.c

Discussion

Power, The Generation of Hydro-Electric Power, in Canada,

H. G. Acres, D.sc, m.e.i.c

Power, Utilization of, P. T. Davies 447

Power Transmission and Distribution in Canada, Electric, Julian

C. Smith, m.e.i.c and Prof. C. V. Christie, a.m.e.i.c 421

Preliminary Notice of Applications for Admission and Transfer. . .47, 115

173, 219, 265, 315, 587, 621, 659, 700, 747

Preston, F. M., a.m.e.i.c, The Johnston Street Bridge 717

President Beatty Counsels Engineers, editorial 731

Provincial Road Statistics 41

Publications Committee, Annual Report 57

Publication of Discussions on Papers, editorial 242

Pulp and Paper Industry, The Utilization of Power in the, R. W.

Leeper 473

Pulverized Fuel for Canadian Locomotives, A. J. T. Taylor 633

383

498
502

484

177
180

383

December, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Page

Queen's University, List of Graduates, 1924 301

Rainboth, George Louis, A.M.E.I.C, obituary 30

Rannie, J. L., m.e.i.c, personal 97

Recent Developments in Electric Lamps, J. T. Scott 526

Recent Developments on the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario

Railway, S. B. Clement, m.e.i.c 12

Report of Council for Year 1923 51

Report of Institute Fuel Committee 678, 721

Report, Lignite Utilization Board 245

Review of Work Completed, Under Way and Projected in the

Niagara District, paragraph 204

Rheaume, Louis Napoleon, m.e.i.c, obituary 687

Riddell, Andrew Johnston, a.m.e.i.c, obituary 646

Rideau Canal, The Story of the, 746

Road Construction in Ontario, Rural, correspondence 110

Road Statistics, Provincial 41

Roy, Eugene, Jr., e. i.e., personal 689

Rust, H. P., m.e.i.c, personal 198

Scott, H. M., m.e.i.c, personals 198, 579

Scott, J. T., Recent Developments in Electric Lamps 526

Sewage Disposal, Development of the Process of, R. O. Wynne-
Roberts, m.e.i.c 713

Seymour, W., m.e.i.c, The Storage of Bituminous Coal 183

Shaughnessy, Lord, K.c.v.o., Hon. m.e.i.c, obituary 29

Smith, A. M., Power Requirements in the Lumbering Industry

in British Columbia 488

Smith, Julian C, m.e.i.c, and Prof. C. V. Christie, a.m.e.i.c,

Electric Power Transmission and Distribution in Canada 421
Smith, W. Nelson, m.e.i.c, An Economic Examination of the

Hudson Bay Railway Project 269

Some Observations Regarding the Relations between the Junior

and his Superior, correspondence 172

Spidy, E. T., A.M.E.I.C, personal 648

Steam Power Plant Operation, Efficiency in, Prof. L. M. Arkley,

M.E.I.C 635

Steckel, Louis Jos. Rene, M.E.I.C, obituary 732

Steel Rails, C. B. Bronson 703

St. Lawrence River Problem, The, D. W. McLachlan, m.e.i.c 119

Discussion 142

St. Lawrence River Waterway, Discussions 289

Stockton, Robert S., m.e.i.c, Irrigation Systems 8

Storage of Bituminous Coal, The, W. Seymour, m.e.i.c 183

Strathcona Memorial Fellowship in Transportation, paragraph 205

Award 579

Students' Activities Committee, Annual Report 63

Students' Prizes Committee, Annual Report 57

Awards, editorial 83

Sullivan, J. G., m.e.i.c, Transportation as Related to National

Development, 735

Personal 250

Sullivan, W. H., m.e.i.c, personal 96

Surveyer, Arthur, President, 1924 199

Editorial 644

Personal 688

Surveying and Engineering, The Use of the Aeroplane in, Ellwood

Wilson, m.e.i.c 3

Swan, The A. D., Book Prize (Vancouver Branch) 262

Symes, John Alfred, a.m.e.i.c, obituary 610

Tapley, A. G., a.m.e.i.c, Concrete in Sea Water 663

Taylor, A. J. T., Pulverized Fuel for Canadian Locomotives. . . 633
Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway, Recent Develop-
ments on The, S. B. Clement, m.e.i.c 12

Tensile Reinforcement in Concrete Dams, J. B. Macphail,

A.M.E.I.C 200

Correspondence 313

Tests of Impure Water for Mixing Concrete, Prof. Duff A.

Abrams, M.E.I.C 303

Theuerkauf, A. P., m.e.i.c, Metallurgical Re-Heating Furnaces

for Blooms, Billets and Slabs 547

Timber, The Deterioration and Preservative Treatment of,

A. S. Dawson, m.e.i.c 558

Page

Topping, Victor, A.M.E.I.C, personal 579

Town Planning for the Island of Montreal, Considerations on a

Project of, S. J. Fortin, m.e.i.c 639

Transactions, Exchange Privileges for, paragraph 616

Transfers, Elections and 33, 97, 156, 201, 256, 581, 649, 691 ,734

Transport, Power in, D. E. Blair, a.m.e.i.c 502

Transportation as Related to National Development, J. G.

Sullivan, m.e.i.c 735

Uniform Steam Boiler Specifications Committee, Annual Report 60

University of Alberta, List of Graduates, 1924 301

University of British Columbia, List of Graduates, 1924 301

University of Manitoba, List of Graduates, 1924 301

University of Michigan Fellowship in Engineering and Highway

Transport 619

University of New Brunswick, List of Graduates, 1924 301

University of Toronto, List of Graduates, 1924 302

Use of Electric Power in the Cement Industry of Canada,

W. G. H. Cam, a.m.e.i.c 484

Use of Power for Port Facilities, The, M. T. S. Casey 486

Use of Power in the Mineral Industries of Canada, The, H. E. M.

Kensit, m.e.i.c 477

Use of the Aeroplane in Surveying and Engineering, The,

Ellwood Wilson, m.e.i.c 3

Utilization of Power, P. T. Davies 447

Utilization of Power in the Pulp and Paper Industry, The,

R. W. Leeper 473

Utilization of Water Power in Canada in Relation to Coal Pro-
duction, Importation and Consumption, paragraph 263

Vaughan, Frank, m.e.i.c, personal 155

Waddell, Dr. J. A. L., m.e.i.c, personal 31

Walkem, Geo. A., m.e.i.c, personal 688

Wardle, J. M., a.m.e.i.c, The Banff- Windermere Highway 91

Water Powers of Canada, J. B. Challies, m.e.i.c 323

Watt, James, Memorial to, editorial 731

Way, William Cecil, m.e.i.c, obituary 153

Way, W. R., jr.E.i.c, Hydraulic Efficiency Tests on 43,000 h.p.

Unit by the Gibson Method and the Allen Method 625

Discussion 699

Welland Canal Centenary 742

Wembley, An Exhibit at, paragraph 618

Western Canada Irrigation Association Convention 619

Westman, L. E., Electro-Chemical and Electro-Metallurgical

Uses of Power 498

White, T. H., m.e.i.c, personal 84

Why Engineers are Underpaid, editorial 684

Wilson, Ellwood, m.e.i.c, The Use of the Aeroplane in Survey-
ing and Engineering 3

Wood, F. M., a.m.e.i.c, Critical Speeds, 655

Woods, W. H. Illumination 522

World Power Conference, First: —

First Meeting of General Committee 26

General Committee 32

Committee Meeting 90

Institute receives Invitations to Special Functions in London 193

First World Power Conference, editorials 242, 564, 574

The July Journal, editorial 534

Canada At the Power Conference, editorial 534

Officers of the Canadian Management Committee 536

Canadian Engineers in London, editorial 575

Discussions 614

Personnel of the International Executive Committee 615

Memorandum re World Power Conference and Subsequent

Visit to France and Switzerland 650

Wynne-Roberts, R. O., M.E.I.C., Development of the Process of

Sewage Disposal 713

Young, Frank M., m.e.i.c, obituary 296

Young Man in Engineering, The, editorial 24

Zirphaea Crispata, The Work of the, correspondence 110

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

The John Bertram & Sons Company, Limited

MONTREAL

723 Drummond Bldg.

DUNDAS

TORONTO

32 Front St. W.

ONTARIO

CANADA

VANCOUVER

609 Bank of Ottawa Bldg.

WALKERVILLE

103K Sandwich St.

WINNIPEG

1205 McArthur Bldg.

HALIFAX
Roy Building

Men of influence consult Journal advertising.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Satisfactory Service

Is most convincingly expressed by

REPEAT ORDERS.

Several years ago a large Canadian Paper
Manufacturer installed two Coxe Stokers in
his mill. His satisfaction is expressed by
the following repeat orders:

2
8
4
4
1
2

Coxe Stokers

Combustion Engineering Corporation

LIMITED
HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO

Type E Stokers
Type K Stokers
Coxe Stokers
Self Contained Stokers
New Frederick Stokers

Green Chain Grate Stokers
Green Cast Iron Hoppers
Qulnn Oil Burning Equipment
Lopulco Pulverized Fuel Systems
Detrlek Flat Suspended Arches

Combusco Water Seal Ash Conveyor

Elliot De- Aerators and Condensors

Custodis Chimneys

Uehllng C02 Recorders

Beaumont Coal and Ash Handling Equipment

Howden Steam Turbines, High Speed Engines and Howden Ljungstrom Patent Air Preheaters

MONTREAL

WINNIPEG

VANCOUVER

Write for the advertisers' literature mentioning The Journal.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Brampton Bridge, Brampton, Ontario

during construction. On the right is

seen the completed structure.

NEW CONCRETE BRIDGE A T
BRAMPTON, ONT

The new Brampton Bridge performs
double duty for the citizens of
Brampton. Formerly, the main street
branched into two bridges but with^the
building of this concrete bridge, the
stream was diverted and necessary
filling-in done, so that now, one
structure covers the junction of the
roads as shown in the pictures.

The practical advantages this bridge
offers to both vehicular and pedestrian

traffic are self-evident while economy
and durability are assured by the use
of Concrete.

The new Brampton Bridge is 100
feet long and from 10 to 12 feet
above the water line. It has 3,500
square feet of concrete floor, and
there are 375 cubic yards of concrete
in it. H. G. Heatley, of Brampton, was
the contractor, and W. M. Treadgold,
Engineer.

Specify

CANADA CEMENT

Uniformly Reliable

CANADA CEMENT

CONCRETE

FOR PERMANCNCC

We maintain a Service Department
to co-operate in all lines of work for
which Concrete is adapted. Our lib-
rary is comprehensive and is at your
disposal at all times without charge.

Canada Cement Company Limited

Canada Cement Company Building Phillips Square Montreal
Sales Offices at: Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Calgary

When purchasing equipment consider The Journal advertiser.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

CI"

Trade-Mark

Single retort simplicity
— multiple retort efficiency

■~^&>j><$£****>

HE "Lateral Retort" construc-
tion opens the many decided ad-
vantages of multiple retort stoker
firing to a large number of plants
that formerly would have been
compelled to install a stoker of
| far lower capacity and efficiency.

„ The "Lateral Retort" Stoker
1 possesses the self-cleaning fea-
ture and the general simplicity,
ease of installation, and low
maintenance of the simple side
dumping stoker — and adds to
these advantages the fuel burn-
ing effect found in the larger and
more expensive multiple retort
stokers.

The construction of the lateral
retorts is clearly shown by the
illustration below. Note that
from the time the fuel enters
the large central retort, until it
is deposited on the side dump
plates as ash, it is always under-
fed insuring maximum combus-
tion efficiency.

Isn't your plant among the hun-
dreds that this stoker principle
can benefit? The operating rec-
ords of many plants now using
the " Lateral Retort" Stoker will
convince you. Write for the new
bulletin— 8^x11", standard fil-
ing size.

UNDERFEED
\ STOKER /

\ company/

V^CANADA/

The Under-Feed Stoker Company of Canada, Limited,
146 King St., W., Toronto

Jones Underfeed Stokers

Riley Underfeed Stokers

Murphy Automatic Furnaces

Alta. and West Sask.:

Mr." J. Twomey,

Camrose, Alberta.

Man. and East Sask.: British Columbia: Quebec:

W. W. Hicks & Co., B. C. Equipment Co., The Cleaton Co. (Canada) Ltd.
Winnipeg. Vancouver, B. C. Montreal, Que.

CI i

In design —

a simple side-cleaning
stoker — moderate in
first cost— economically
installed.

In effect —

a multiple retort stoker
with high capacity and
efficiency.

O/ze Lateral Retort Stoker

TRADE MARK

Every advertisement is a message to you.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

SEWER PIPE

A "The Pipe That Endures " .

Giving Every

Satisfaction

St. Lambert, Que.

"This is to state that a considerable quantity
of McCracken Concrete Sewer Pipe, supplied by
the Independent Concrete Pipe Company of
Woodstock, Ontario, was laid in St. Lambert,
and it is giving every satisfaction. In no case
has there been any failure in destruction
tests .made on the work. The McCracken Pipe
withstood weights one hundred and nineteen
per cent, greater than the best tile pipe used
on the same works.

E. DRINKWATER,

City Engineer"

What better recommendation could be desired than
a communication like the above? Here you have the
experienced judgment of a responsible city engineer
who proved by actual tests on the ground that Mc-
Cracken pipe has all — and more — of the soundness
and strength necessary tojneet the specifications
required of it.

McCracken Concrete Sewer Pipe is manufactured in
accordance with standard specifications issued by
the American Society for Testing Materials, and
inspected by the Canadian Inspection and Testing
Company Limited. Every single pipe measures up
to the same high, uniform quality thus insuring
perfect service. In cost, too, it is surprisingly low
for the splendid service it gives.

Write for complete information and quotations.

Jno. E. Russell Company, Limited

GENERAL SALES AGENTS

Harbor Administration Building, Toronto

Every advertiser is worthy of your support.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Private Automatic Exchange

"Never mind that call, we
can't wait all day, get Smith-
Jones on the wire instead."

If your organization is
P-A-X equipped, your
clients have no such
trouble in reaching you
because your operator and
your city telephones are
not burdened with your
interior calls.

Relieved from all interior
traffic, your operator is
free to render courteous,
business-getting service to
customers or prospective
customers calling in over
the city wire.

Hortfartt Etectrk Company

LIMITED! / '

MONTREAL TORONTO WINDSOR CALGARY
HALIFAX HAMILTON WINNIPEG EDMONTON

QUEBEC LONDON REGINA VANCOUVER

'Makers of the Nations Telephones

JMMUTACTIIMG

Manual Telephones
Aatoma.ticTclcphone3
wires & Cables
Fire Alarm Systems
JPadio Sendin^and-
*eceivin$E<p»ipineBt

DISTRIBUTING

Construction Material
Illuminating Material
Potf er Apparatus
Household Appliances
Electrical Supplied
JWcif & Li^ht Plants
. Marine Kttinss

Advertisements have an educational value. Read them carefully.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

The London and Port Stanley Incline Railway

carried 224,000 passengers in first three months of operation.

The MEAD-MORRISON machinery that performs this duty represents
a degree of value and dependable service that cannot be reckoned in money.

Agents :

HARVARD TURNBULL & CO. - - Toronto
POWELL EQUIPMENT CO. - - Winnipeg

FERGUSON SUPPLY CO. - - - - Calgary
O'HANLAN FERGUSON SUPPLY CO. Edmonton
B. C. EQUIPMENT CO. - - - - Vancouver

MADE IN CANADA BY

■CMmUM MIAt»-M0ftRISON C@

CANADA CEMENT BUILDING

■works : MONTREAL welland ont

Journal advertisers are discriminating advertisers.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

THE LOGICAL WAY TO JUDGE PAINT

The only way to correctly judge value in paint is to base your decision
on the records of that paint in service over a long period of years. No other
measure of value will do.

On this basis leading architects and engineers the country over specify
SUPERIOR GRAPHITE PAINT for protection of structural steel and all
metal surfaces.

The wide use of SUPERIOR GRAPHITE PAINT in every line of industry-
its durability under every phase of exposure and operating conditions — its
low per year cost are vital factors in the
remarkable service records that have
won for SUPERIOR GRAPHITE PAINT,
its enviable position of leader in the
field of metal protective paints.

Whenever you think of metal pro-
tection, think of SUPERIOR GRA-
PHITE PAINT. Its use is definite
assurance of service and satisfaction.

DEGRACO PRODUCTS

Superior Graphite Paint

Sta-White

Degraco House Paint
and Varnish

Degraco-Tone Flat wall linlsh

Degraco Brick and
Concrete Paint

Anti-Aqua Damp-prool coaling
Degraco Gas Holder
Paint

Degracolin

Concrete floor

hardener
Degraco Enamels
Industrial Finishes

Dominion Paint Works, Limited

WALKERVILLE, CANADA

Montreal Quebec

Toronto Calgary

Edmonton

Winnipeg Halifax

St. John Regina

Vancouver

TYEGRACO

PAINTS

_ VARNISHES

JL^ All Colors for %- All Purposes ENAMELS

Advertisers appreciate the engineer's purchasing power.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

A TYPICAL STEAM HEADER INSTALLATION. EVERY PIPE-LINE IS CONTROLLED FROM THIS CENTRAL POINT

BETTER STEAM PIPING LAYOUTS

Higher working efficiency of steam
power plants can be provided for when
piping layouts are made. Centralized
distribution points with valves at the
header eliminate the useless heating
of dead-end piping and the trouble-
making slugs of condensate whichaccu-
mulate in dead lines under pressure.

Any individual requirement for steam
headers is met by Crane service.
Crane headers are machined with pre-
cision to insure perfect alignment and
tight connections. Used in conjunction
with Crane valves, pipe bends and
fittings, you secure a system having the
greatest dependability and flexibility.

CRAN E

CRANE LIMITED, GENERAL OFFICES: 386 BEAVER HALL SQUARE, MONTREAL
CRANE-BENNETT .LTD., .HEAD OFFICE: 45-51 LEMAN STREET, LONDON, ENG.

Branches and Sales Offices in 21 Cities in Canada and British hies
IVorks: Montreal, Canada, and Ipsivich, England .

Crane Low Pressure Globe Valve No. t-B

Mention of The Journal to advertisers advances your interests.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Lt. Col. R. G. Stewart.

President

E. A. Larmonth,
Vice President

E. O. Leahey.

Man. Director

J. D. Cunningham,
Secy. Tres.

E. 0. LEAHEY & COMPANY

======== LIMITED ============

GENERAL CONTRACTORS

Electric Dredge on Queenston-Chippawa Power Development

Head Office:

OTTAWA,

Ont.

Make Journal advertising one hundred per cent efficient.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE HAMILTON BRIDGE WORKS COMPANY Limited

HEAD OFFICE AND WORKS

Hamilton, Canada

BRANCH OFFICE

410 General Assurance Bldg

Bay and Temperance Sts.

TORONTO.

Engineers, Manufacturers and Erectors

—OF EVERY CLASS OF-

STRUCTURAL STEEL AND BRIDGE WORK

OFFICE AND MILL BUILDINGS, HIGHWAY AND RAILWAY BRIDGES

MINE BUILDINGS AND HEADFRAMES.

We carry a large stock of Structural Shapes and plates and your require-
ments can be immediately filled. Our large shops, with a capacity of
36,000 tons annually, enable us to turn out whatever you require,
from the largest building to a few beams, in a surprisingly short time.
Orders for plain material which has only to be cut to length can be
shipped within twenty-four hours.

Valuable suggestions appear in the advertising pages.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

ROOFS, WALLS and PARTITIONS
can be constructed more economically with

<S><

Why Use Hyrib ?

BECAUSE HYRIB

Eliminates all forms for concrete.
Saves channels and wiring.
Reinforces the concrete and plaster.
Insures fireproofness and permanence.
Permits wide spacing of supports.
Reduces weight of construction.
Increases available floor space.
Saves time, labor and material.

Hyrib Walls and Sidings

are much less expensive than other types
of permanent construction, and more
economical than old-style constructions
which require constant maintenance on
account of rust and decay.

A solid two-inch Hyrib concrete wall is as
solid as a 12-inch brick wall. It conducts
no more heat. It is as fireproof. It costs
much less. It is more quickly erected and
more easily adapted to special framing.

Our Hyrib Book is free to all who write
for it.

Trussed Concrete Steel Co. of Canada Limited

WALKERVILLE, ONTARIO

Branches: TORONTO MONTREAL WINNIPEG CALGARY VANCOUVER

Warehouses: TORONTO MONTREAL WINNIPEG CALGARY

Mentioning The Journal gives you additional consideration.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Illustrating
Zoelly 2,000 kw

Geared

Steam Turbine

Operating at

6,000 r.p.m.

reduced through

Gears to 3,600 r.p.m.

for
Generator Shaft.

Illustration of a

Francis Enclosed

Type Horizontal

Water Turbine

Assembled in

Zurich Shops.

This Cut

Represents one

of Many Types

Manufactured

by Escher Wyss.

4*^*

asS^ll

)BL- ■-y*

^0i

00^e$MW

^,.« f««ii>^^

yyg

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■- to

3 'fT"

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CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES:

Steam
Consumption

In Pounds

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Full Load 9.72*

Three Quarters

Load 9.92*

The Products
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and for the

Reliability

in Service.

The General Supply Co. of Canada, Limited

OTTAWA
MONTREAL, TORONTO, WINNIPEG, MONCTON, NORTH BAY, VANCOUVER.

Buy your equipment from Journal advertisers.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Frotfrpre to finished product
# ~^# r ~ .v*.*, fh e Empire

Urtttefj fEmptre Bin I
(Corporation, Samiteo

IRON ORE COAL

COKE PIG IRON

STEEL INGOTS

BLOOMS, ETC.

STEEL PLATES

STEEL RAILS

RAIL FASTENINGS

MISCELLANEO US

ROLLED STEEL

PRODUCTS

WIRE RODS WIRE

FENCING NAILS

MACHINERY S TEEL

COLD DRAWN

SHAFTING
FORGED STEEL

PRODUCTS

BOLTS and NUTS

RIVETS PIPE BANDS

TIE RODS

RAILWAY SPIKES, etc.

COKE OVEN

BY-PRODUCTS

SHIPBUILDING and

SHIP REPAIR

FACILITIES

FREIGHT CARS

(Cargo Wagons)

ORE MINES — Wabana, Nfld.
COAL MINES— Cape Breton,
Pictou, and Cumberland Coun-
ties, N.S.
STEEL WORKS— Sydney, Syd-
ney Mines and New Glasgow,
N.S.
COAL DEPOTS— Sydney , North
Sydney .Louisburg and Halifax,
N.S.; St. John, N.B.; Montreal
and Quebec, P.Q.

SALES OFFICE

Canada Cement Building

Montreal, P.Q-

(Eflrparattfltt, ICitnitcb

by reason of the magnitude of the operations
of its constituent companies, is able to render
a wholly unique service to the industrial or-
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particular.

The vast scope of these operations necessitates
the maintenance of the highest possible stan-
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tomers.

DOMINION IRON 8s STEEL CO., LIMITED
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Commanding unlimited resources of ore , coal andother
raw materials/or the making of steel products of every
description.

DOMINION COAL CO., LIMITED

ACADIA COAL CO., LIMITED

"Acadia/' "Dominion/' "Old Sydney/' and

" Springhill" Steam Coals.

HALIFAX SHIPYARDS, LIMITED

Builders and Repairers of Ships.

DOMINION SHIPPING CO., LIMITED

The "Black Diamond" Fleet of ore and freight steam-

IPS ' EASTERN CAR CO., LIMITED
Makers of Freight Cars and Accessories.

life

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BRITISH EMPIRE STEEL

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Remember The Journal when buying apparatus.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

The Right Kind of Equipment=

MARSH
HOISTS

Steam, Gas, Electric or Belt Drive

— also —

Boilers, Derrick Irons, Cars,
Buckets, Skips, Etc.

STANDARD HOISTS CARRIED IN STOCK

SMITH MIXERS,

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and DRAGLINES,
WESTERN
CARS

-and-

ROAD
MACHINERY

MUSSENS LIMITED

Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver

The advertiser is ready to give full information.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

FIRS

AID

jor machine vy^^

YOU provide cabinets well stocked with bandages and liniments
for " first aid " when an employee cuts a finger, breaks an arm,
or suffers other injury. In the majority of cases the injury does not
require further attention beyond the limits of the "first aid" cabinet.

Are you using a "first aid" outfit for broken machinery?

A chipped cog, a crack in a pulley or shaft can be fixed on the spot,
often without tearing down the machine, by the use of a welding outfit.

A cylinder of Dominion Oxygen and a cylinder of Prest-O-Lite Dissolved Acety-
lene mounted on a handy truck, together with an Oxy-acetylene Torch, will enable
you to make many repairs with but little loss of time and at small cost. It is to
your machinery what the "medicine chest" is to your men — "first aid" when acci-
dents occur.

Let us show you how to save money by making economical repairs to machinery
by using Dominion Service. A call by telephone or mail will promptly bring
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Operating the Welding and Cutting Gas

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emuuotv,

OXYGEN

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General Offices: 80 Adelaide St. East, Toronto

Distribution Points: Hamilton, Men-itton,
Montreal, Quebec, Shawinigan Falls,
Toronto, Welland, Windsor, and Winni-
peg.

When buying consult first Journal advertisers.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Save Money and Improve Service

C-G-E Oxide Film
Lightning Arrestors

C-G-E Automatic Substations
Produce Results.

Automatic Railway Substations start up and shut down
as the demand for power appears or disappears.
The expense for operators is eliminated so that cost for
attendance is minimized.

Automatic Substations can be more closely spaced
because of the lower cost of operation. This saves
feeder copper and improves the trolley voltage. By
shutting down under no load "running light losses"
are saved for a large part of the day.

Let the automatic station engineer in the nearest C-G-E
office tell you how much your savings would be with
C-G-E automatic control.

C-G-E Type H Transformer
'The Standard of Quality" 1

Canadian General Electric Co.,Limited

HEAD OFFICE

TORONTO

Branch Offices: Halifax, Sydney, St. John, Montreal, Quebec, Cobalt, Ottawa, Hamilton, London, Windsor,
South Porcupine, Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver, Nelson and Victoria.

A/fonfi/M Tho Tniirvinl mhert dealing with advertisers.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

INDUSTRIAL locomotive cranes solve the tremendous
handling problems of practically all of the world's big
engineering projects of today. They placed most of the
permanent structure of the Panama Canal, the Halifax
Terminal and the Welland Canal. They are shown here in
operation at one of the largest current jobs, the Delaware
River Bridge at Philadelphia.

INDUSTRIALS are the result of fifty years of intens-
ively applied, highly specialized engineering ability and
experience. You buy in an INDUSTRIAL of today, the
pioneer of all locomotive cranes in the country and the
most advanced in engineering precision.

There are 17 types of INDUSTRIAL locomotive cranes,
varying in capacity from the baby 5-ton to the monster
200-ton, the largest in the world. They operate on rails,
crawling tractor belts or traction wheels and their power
is steam, electric or gasoline. Used with clamshell bucket,
magnet, hook and block, dipper arm or pile driver leaders,
they produce tremendous savings in railway maintenance.

We shall be glad to forward a copy of our
164 page Golden Anniversary catalog, illustrat-
ing and describing each type in detail.

F.H. HOPKINS & Co., Ltd.

MONTREAL - TORONTO

Firms advertising in The Journal are considered as absolutely reputable.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE JOURNAL OF

THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

OF CANADA

JANUARY 1924

CONTENTS

Volume VII, No. 1

THE USE OF THE AEROPLANE IN SURVEYING AND ENGINEERING, Ellwood Wilson,

M.E.I.C.. M.C.S.F.E., M.S.A.F 3

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, Robert S. Stockton, M.E.I.C 8

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ON THE TEMISKAMING AND NORTHERN ONTARIO RAILWAY

S. B. Clement, M.E.I.C 12

A METHOD OF CALCULATING A FAIR RATE FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF WESTERN

COAL, DISCUSSION 20

EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS:—

Annual General and General Professional Meeting 24

The Young Man in Engineering 24

The Work of the Institute Fuel Committee 25

First World Power Conference 26

THIS MONTH'S CONTRIBUTORS 28

OBITUARIES:—

Lord Shaughnessy, K.C.V.O., Hon. M.E.I.C 29

Archibald Olin Powell, M.E.I.C 30

George Louis Rainboth, A.M.E.I.C 30

PERSONALS.... 30

ELECTIONS AND TRANSFERS 33

EMPLOYMENT BUREAU 34

BRANCH NEWS 35

PROVINCIAL ROAD STATISTICS. ... 41

ANNOUNCEMENT OF MEETINGS 42

RECENT PUBLICATIONS 43

CORRESPONDENCE 44

ADDRESSES WANTED 46

PRELIMINARY NOTICE 47

ENGINEERING INDEX (1) 49

The Institute does not hold itself responsible for the opinions expressed by the
authors of the papers published in its records, or for discussions at any of its meetings,
or for individual views transmitted through the medium of The Journal.

Published by

THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF CANADA

176 Mansfield St., Montreal

BRANCHES:

Halifax Branch, Halifax, N.S.
Cape Breton Branch, Sydney, Cape Breton.
Moncton Branch, Moncton, N.B.
St. John Branch, St. John, N.B.
Saguenay Branch, Chicoutimi West, Que.
Quebec Branch, Quebec, Que.
Montreal Branch, Montreal, Que.
Ottawa Branch, Ottawa, Ont.
Kingston Branch, Kingston, Ont.
Peterborough Branch, Peterborough, Ont.
Toronto Branch, Toronto, Ont.
Hamilton Branch, Hamilton, Ont.

Niagara Peninsula Branch, Niagara Falls, Ont.
London Branch, London, Ont.
Border Cities Branch, Windsor, Ont.
Sault Ste. Marie Branch, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.
Lakehead Branch, Port Arthur, Ont.
Winnipeg Branch, Winnipeg, Man.
Saskatchewan Branch, Regina, Sask.
Lethbridge Branch, Lethbridge, Alta.
Edmonton Branch, Edmonton, Alta.
Calgary Branch, Calgary, Alta.
Vancouver Branch, Vancouver, B.C.
Victoria Branch, Victoria, B.C.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Members of Council for 1923

PRESIDENT
WALTER J. FRANCIS, Montreal, Que.

VICE-PRESIDENTS
•C. H. MITCHELL, Toronto, Ont. 'ARTHUR SURVEYER, Montreal, Que. tGEO. A. WALKEM, Vancouver, B.C. *F. P. SHEARWOOD, Montreal, Que

PAST-PRESIDENTS
R. A. ROSS, Montreal, Que. J. M. R. FAIRBAIRN, Montreal, Que. JOHN G. SULLIVAN, Winnipeg, Man.

tR. N. BLACKBURN, Regina, Sask.

•A. C. D. BLANCHARD, Niagara Falls, Ont.

JCHAS. BRAKENRIDGE, Vancouver, B.C.

tFREDERICK B. BROWN, Montreal, Que.

•H. S. CARPENTER, Regina, Sask.

1GEO. T. CLARK, Toronto, Ont.

tA. R. DECARY, Quebec, Que.

•G. BLANCHARD DODGE, Ottawa, Ont.

•A. E. DUBUC. Montreal, Que.

tJ. A. DUCHASTEL, Montreal, Que.

tC. P. EDWARDS, Ottawa, Ont.

COUNCILLORS
}E. P. FETHERSTONHAUGH, Winnipeg, Man.
tJ. E. GIBAULT, Levis, Que.
tA. R. GREIG, Saskatoon, Sask.
•H. L. JOHNSTON, Victoria, B.C.
•C. C. KIRBY, St. John, N.B.
{GEO. D. MACDOUGALL, Sydney, N.S.
tGEO. R. MacLEOD, Montreal, Que.
tALEXANDER MACPHAIL, Kingston, Ont.
JCHAS. M. McKERGOW, Montreal, Que.
•S. S. OLIVER, Quebec, Que.
•PATRICK PHILIP, Victoria, B.C.

tGEO. F. PORTER, Windsor, Ont.

•SAM. G. PORTER. Lethbridge, Alta.

tD. A. ROSS, Winnipeg, Man.

tC H. E. ROUNTHWAITE, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont

*W. M. SCOTT, Winnipeg, Man.

tA. F. STEWART, Moncton, N.B.

tB. L. THORNE, Calgary, Alta.

•K. B. THORNTON, Montreal, Que.

tR. S. L. WILSON, Edmonton, Alta.

tR. O. WYNNE-ROBERTS, Toronto, Ont.

•C. R. YOUNG, Toronto, Ont.

•For 1923

tFor 1923-24

tFor 1923-24-25

TREASURER
MAJOR-GEN. SIR ALEX. BERTRAM, Montreal.

SECRETARY
FRASER S. KEITH, Montreal.

HALIFAX

Chairman, F. R. FAULKNER
Vice-Chair., A. F. DYER
Sec.-Treas., K. L. DAWSON,

294 GottingenSt., Halifax, N.S.
Executive, H. W. L. DOANE K. H. SMITH
C. H. WRIGHT A. F. DYER

C. A. FOWLER O. S. COX

CAPE BRETON

Chairman, HORACE LONGLEY
Vlce-Chalr., A. W. McMASTER
Sec.-Treas., D. W. J. BROWN.

Dominion Iron and Steel Co., Sydney, N. S.
Executive. A. P. THEUERKAUF

S.C. MIFFLEN
(Ex-Offido) C. M. ODELL

ST. JOHN

Chairman, HARRY F. BENNETT
Vice-Chair., G. N. HATFIELD
Sec.-Treas., W. J. JOHNSTON

Box 1417, St. John, N.B.
Executive, F. G. GOODSPEED

E. G. CAMERON A. G. TAPLEY
W. R. PEARCE C. C. KIRBY

MONCTON
Chairman, W. B. MACKENZIE
Vice-Chair.. P.O. CONDON,
Sec.-Treas., M. J. MURPHY

Asst. Engr., C.N.R., Moncton, N.B.
Executive, A. F. STEWART

H. J. CRUDGE

E. G. EVANS,

J. D. McBEATH

G. C. TORRENS

C. S. G. ROGERS

A. S. GUNN

SAGUENAY
Chairman, W. G. MITCHELL
Vice-Chair., C. N. SHANLY
Sec.-Treas. H. B. PELLETIER

Box 181 Chicoutlml, Que.
Executive, J. F. GRENON, H. V. BIGNELL

N. F. McCAGHEY, A. DUPERRO.M
G. E. LaMONTHE

QUEBEC

Chairman. A. R. DECARY
Vlce-Chalr., A. B. NORMANDIN
Sec.-Treas.. HECTOR CIMON.

P. O. Box 115, Quebec.
Executive, L. C. DUPUIS T. E. ROUSSEAU
PAUL JONCAS S. L. deCARTERET
Councillors J. E. GIBAULT S. S. OLIVER

MONTREAL
Chairman,
Vlce-Chalr.
Sec.-Treas.

O. O. LEFEBVRE
J. L. BUSF1ELD

E. A. RYAN
128 BleurySt., Montreal

Past Chair., J. T. FARMER
Executive A. C. TAGGF.

F. A. COMBE
D. C. TENNANT
W. C. ADAMS
C. V. CHRISTIE
P. S. GREGORY

(Ex-Officio) FREDERICK B. BROWN
C. M. McKERGOW
J. M. R. FAIRBAIRN
WALTER J. FRANCIS
GEO. R. MacLEOD
R. A. ROSS
F. P. SHEARWOOD
ARTHUR SURVEYER
K . B. THORNTON

OFFICERS OF BRANCHES

OTTAWA

Chairman. O. S. FINNIE
Sec.-Treas.. F. C. C. LYNCH

Dept. of Interior. Motor Building, Ottawa.
Executive. A. B. LAMBE J. L RANNIE

C. McL. PITTS L. SHERWOOD
L. H. COLE

(Ex-Offlcio) C. P. EDWARDS

G. B. DODGE K. M. CAMERON
PETERBOROUGH

Hon. Chair., P. P. WESTBYE
Chairman, R. L. DOBBIN
Vice-Chair., E. R. SHIRLEY
Secretary, R. C. FLITTON

The Wm. Hamilton Co.,

Peterborough, Ont.
Treasurer, A. B. GATES
Executive, A. L. KILLALY
R. B. ROGERS
B. L. BARNES

D. L. McLAREN
A. H. MUNRO
H. O. FISK

KINGSTON

Chairman. T. McGINNIS
Vice-Chair.. T. ANDERSON
Sec.-Treas., A JACKSON

Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.
Executive, G. R. TURNER

R. J. McClelland

W. CASEY
TORONTO

Chairman C. R. YOUNG
Vice-Chair., J. M. OXLEY
Sec.-Treas., J. A. KNIGHT

Hydro-Electric Power Comm.

190 University Ave., Toronto, Ont.
Executive, PETER GILLESPIE

T. R. LOUDON

J. G. R. WAINWRIGHT

N. D. WILSON

R. C. MUIR

A C OXLEY
(Ex-Officio) R*. O. WYNNE-ROBERTS

G. T. CLARK

Wm. STORRIE

C. H. MITCHELL
HAMILTON
Hon. Chair. H. U. HART
Chairman, J. W. TYRRELL
Vlce-Chalr., W. G. MILNE
Past-Chair., F. W. PAULIN
Sec.-Treas., W. F. McLAREN

Canadian Westlnghouse Co., Hamilton, Ont.
Executive. J. J. MacKAY

C. H. MARRS

F P. ADAMS C. J. NICHOLSON
LONDON
Chairman. W. J. FORBES-MITCHELL
Vlce-Chalr., E V. BUCHANAN
Sec.-Treas., E. A. GRAY

Public Utilities Commission,

London, Ont.
Executive, W. C. MILLER H. B. R. CRAIG

R. I. OLMSTED CHAS. TALBOT

J. R. ROSTRON,
(Ex-Offlcio) H. A. BRAZIER
NIAGARA PENINSULA
Chairman, S. R. FROST
Vlce-Chalr. E. P. JOHNSON
Sec.-Treas., R. W. DOWNIE

Box 1163, Thorold, Ont.
Executive F. W. CLARK

A. MILNE

J. R. BOND

A. W. L. BUTLER
(Ex-Offlcio)' F. S. LAZIER

A. C. D. BLANCHARD
BORDER CITIES
Chairman, W. H. BALTZELL
Vlce-Chalr., J. E. PORTER
Sec.-Treas.. J. CLARK KEITH, Essex Border

Utilities Commission, Windsor, Ont.
Executive, E. J. McINTYRE H. THORNE

M. E. BRIAN GEO. F. PORTER

SAULT STE. MARIE

Chairman, B. E. BARNHILL
Vlce-Chalr., L. R. BROWN
Sec.-Treas., C. H. E. ROUNTHWAITE
Algoma Central & Hudson Bay Ry.,

Sault Ste. Marie.Ont.
Executive J. W. LeB. ROSS
G. H. KOHL
LAKEHEAD
Chairman, G. II. BURBIDGB
Vlce-Chalr., H. S. HANCOCK
Sec.-Treas., GEO. P. BROPHY

P. O. Box 86, Port Arthur, Ont.
Executive. J. ANTONISEN W. T. MOODIE
G. R. DUNCAN D. G. CALVERT
WINNIPEG
Chairman, A. McGILLIVRAY
Sec.-Treas., P. BURKE-GAFFNEY,

406 Fashion Craft Bldg., Winnipeg, Man.
Executive, M. A. LYONS D. L. McLEAN
A. A. YOUNG W. ALDRIDGE
W. WALKDEN J. N. FINLAYSON

SASKATCHEWAN

Chairman, A. C. GARNER
Vlce-Chalr.. C. J.MACKENZIE
Sec.-Treas., D. A. R. McCANNEL

City Engineer's Dept., Regina. Sask.
Executive, H.N. MACPHERSON
J. D. PETERS
G.M.WILLIAMS
R. W. E. LOUCKS
A. P. LINTON
R. N. BLACKBURN
LETHBRIDGE
Chairman. C. D. MACKINTOSH
Sec.-Treas., GEO. S. BROWN

Box 428, Lethbridge, Alta.
Executive, C. M. ARNOLD G. N. HOUSTON
SAM G. PORTER
H. P. KEITH J. DOW

EDMONTON
Chairman, R. S. L. WILSON
Vlce-Chalr., E. KELLS HALL
Sec.-Treas. W. R. MOUNT

City Engr's Dept., Edmonton, Alta.
Executive, C. A. ROBB

C. C. SUTHERLAND
S. R. LAMB
A. G. STEWART
(Ex-Officio) E. STANSFIELD
R. E. DOUGLAS
CALGARY
Chairman, V. MEEK
Vlce-Chalr., F. E. EMERY
Secretary J. A. SPRECKLEY

513-8th Ave., W., Calgary, Alta.
Treasurer. G. P. F. BOESE
Executive V. A. NEWHALL A. S. CHAPMAN

J. HADDIN
(Ex-Officio) P. J. JENNINGS B. L. THORNE

VANCOUVER

Chairman, JAS. MUIRHEAD
Vlce-Chalr., W. G. SWAN
Sec.-Treas., P. H. BUCHAN

930 Blrks Building, Vancouver, B.C.
Executive. W. H. POWELL
D. O. LEWIS
J. P. HODGSON
T. W. FAIRHURST
F. W. ALEXANDER
W. B. GREIG
(Ex-Offlclo) GEO. A. WALKEM

CHAS. BRAKENRIDGE
VICTORIA

Chairman, H. M. BIGWOOD
Vlce-Chalr., F. C. GREEN
Secretary HUGH PETERS

23 Brown Bldg., Victoria. B.C.
Treasurer, E. P. GIRDWOOD
Executive, F. G. ALDOUS

R. A. BAINBRIDGE
(Ex-Offlclo) PATRICK PHILIP
H. L. JOHNSTON

THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE JOURNAL OF THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF CANADA

Published monthly at 176 Mansfield Street, Montreal, by The Engineering Institute
of Canada, Incorporated in 1887 as The Canadian Society of Civil Engineers.

Entered at the Post Office, Montreal, As Second Class Matter

Volume VII

Montreal, January 1924

Number 1

The Use of the Aeroplane in Surveying and Engineering

Its application to Engineering Works, with Special Reference to Forest Surveys and

Right-of-Way Reconnaissance Surveys

Ellwood Wilson, M.E.I.C, M.C.S.F.E., M.S.A.F ,
Managing Director, Fairchild Aerial Surveys Company (of Canada) Limited. Chief Forester, Laurenlide Company, Limited

Paper read before the Montreal Branch of The Engineering Institute of Canada, November 8th, 1923.

The rapid development of aerial photography since
the war has opened up an entirely new field. The use
of the aeroplane in engineering work is something which
appeals most decidedly to the imagination. When one
thinks of the labour entailed in carrying out surveys
across the desert, in mountainous country, or in the
interminable wastes of Canada, with all the hardships
and physical toil which these entail, the aeroplane cer-
tainly offers a blessed relief. Added to the ease with
which all this work can be carried out is the extreme
rapidity with which results can be obtained. Take, for
instance, the matter of forest surveys. Fifty square miles
a month for a party of eight to ten men, all of whom had
had long experience in this particular kind of work, was
considered excellent. Now it is possible to do more
than this in a day.

Extensive Field for Aerial Photography in
Engineering

A tremendous field is thus opened up for all sorts
of preliminary engineering. Reconnaissance for railroad
rights-of-way, for the location of transmission lines, and
for the location of sites for power development, maps of
difficult and inaccessible regions, maps for town planning
and suburban development, can all be made with the
aeroplane and the aerial camera. Those for whom line
maps or blue prints are very difficult to read, understand
at once an aerial mosaic or a vertical photograph.

In the purchase of land from farmers for reforesta-
tion purposes a few minutes explanation of an aerial
photograph makes it practically intelligible, and the
naive remarks made by these people are very interesting.
After looking at a photograph for a few moments a man
who cannot read or write would say, "Why, there's where
I cut my fire wood last winter," or "That is my barn,"
or "That is the fence I built recently".

In explaining projects to boards of directors, or to
prospective investors, the photographs are of the utmost
value, showing as they do every possible detail, and carry-
ing to the mind of the man who is examining them a
conviction of their accuracy, which is often more or less
absent when reading a report or looking at a map made
by an engineer in the field. Seeing the photograph a
man finds himself practically in contact with the location
without having had to see it through another man's eyes
or coloured by his personal idiosyncrasy.

Engineers often approach the question of aerial photo-
graphy from entirely the wrong angle. Their first reaction
to it is to question its accuracy, purely on theoretical
grounds. They say that the aeroplane does not always
fly at the same altitude, and even if it does, that if the
ground is rough one portion of the picture will have a
different scale from some other portion. Also, the
camera may not be exactly level at the moment of
exposure, the plane may not be flying in a practically
straight line, or there may be some other objection.
These things are all true in some degree, but means are
rapidly being found for the elimination of these sources
of error. Cameras are now being kept vertical by the
use of a simple gyroscope. If the altitude of the plane
varies a little, photographs are enlarged or reduced in
order to correct this source of error, and where one
portion of the photograph shows a different scale from
another the two portions are rephotographed so as to
bring the whole thing to the same scale. The degree of
accuracy is like that of a ground survey, entirely depend-
ent on the amount of money which one wishes to spend.
Take for instance the survey of a farm or a piece of waste
land where the value may be from 50 cents to $20.00
an acre. No one in his right mind would wish to survey
such ground with a limit of error closer than one in two
or three hundred, whereas in a large city where the value

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

of the land might run into many dollars per square foot,
an accuracy of one in five thousand would be reasonable.

Accuracy of Maps prepared from Aerial Photographs

The accuracy of a map made from aerial photographs
depends entirely on the amount of the ground control
required, and can be carried practically to any point
desired. Where ground maps of sufficient accuracy are
available, they are used for control, the photographs
being enlarged or reduced to fit the necessary traverses.
Where maps are not available, a rough mosaic is made
from the photographs which shows the easiest route for
making a traverse, which is always closed, or a series of

use of a map or plan? Suppose a map is prepared in
the field with the most extreme accuracy possible, and
it is desired to scale this map for the purpose of finding
the horizontal distance between two points. The closest
one can read a scale without the help of a magnifying
glass is one eightieth or one one-hundredth of an inch,
and depending upon the scale of the map one one-hun-
dredth of an inch may mean anything from one foot to
105 feet, so that, after all, spending large sums of money
to obtain extreme accuracy in the field is of no practical
use unless demanded by the use to which the map is to
be put. There are also two points to be considered in
the making of maps. Most often maps are required of a

Fig. No. 1. Aerial photograph of LaGabelle Rapids, St. Maurice River. Site of hydro- electric development of

St. Maurice Power Company, Limited, July 1922.*

traverses. Depending on the accuracy required, these
are made with a plane table or transit and plotted to
the scale of the finished map. The photographs are then
adjusted on this. Where less accuracy is required the
Bagley method can be used. Experiments are being
carried on to get control entirely by flying and this method
gives hope of success. In India great difficulty has been
encountered in flying straight parallel lines in making
photographs for mosaics. In our work we have had very
little trouble in doing this, the photographers being
trained for such work. In a mosaic of 175 square miles
only two small gaps occurred.

A question which is very often overlooked in this
connection is, what really constitutes accuracy in the

section of country which shall show its features, bound-
aries, roads and so forth, but its location as part of the
earth's surface is of no value whatever. For instance,
most maps for engineering layouts are of this kind. Also
maps of estates, timber tracts, farm surveys, city sub-
divisions, etc. Maps of regions are entirely different.
These must fit into a general map of the country and must
be located by latitude and longitude, and be related to
the surface of the globe.

Secrecy of Preliminary Surveys a Valuable Feature

Everyone knows how difficult and expensive recom-
naissances for railroad rights-of-way are. With aerial
photography half a dozen proposed routes can be photo-

•Photographs by courtesy of Fairchild Aerial Surveys Company, (of Canada) Limited.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

graphed in less time than it would take to traverse one
on the ground. The photographs can be rapidly mounted
and examined, and the most feasible route chosen. The
same applies to transmission lines, rights-of-way for
telegraph and telephone lines and so forth. These can
be photographed from the air without any ground work
at all being done, and consequently no suspicion is aroused
in the minds of property owners as to what is going on.
In one actual case a complete survey of a wide stretch
of property, through which a power line was to be built,
was made and on the finished map fence lines and other
property boundaries showed up clearly. A visit to the
offices where titles were recorded showed the extent and

going back to get it is prohibitive,
everything there is.

The camera gets

Method of Making Forest Surveys and Estimates

For many years the writer had dreamed of some way
to avoid the toil and expense of making forest surveys
and estimates. Some way in which the discomfort of
handling instruments at 30 degrees below zero, or trying
to operate a plane table when the air was so thick with
black flies and mosquitoes that it was almost impossible
to see them or to uncover one's hands long enough to
make the necessary notes. The dream is now a reality.

Fig. No. 2. Aerial photograph of LaGabelle, St. Maurice River. Construction of hydro-electric development of

St. Maurice Power Company, Limited, Spring 1923.

ownership of each property. The location of the property
was determined and the proprietors were approached and
asked for options before anyone had the slightest inkling
that any development was intended.

For all sorts of preliminary location work, and
progress photographs, whether for town-planning, rights-
of-way, plant locations or lumbering operations, aerial
photomaps are quicker, cheaper, more easily understood
and show all the detail which is on the ground. How
often has an expensive and careful survey been made
and when the map was finished some question came up
about something which the man who made the map
never thought about and there was no information.
Often something is omitted on a map and the cost of

With the aerial photographs the whole country is spread
out and can be examined at leisure.

A few words as to the method of making these
surveys may be of interest. First of all the aerial photo-
graphs are taken of the area which is to be surveyed and
estimated. This is made up into mosaics of convenient
size for use with the plane table. A telescopic alidade
fitted with stadia hairs and an arc is used, and the con-
trol necessary for adjusting the pictures is worked out
directly on the mosaic. The photographs show every
detail of the terrain so that it is possible to locate a
traverse where the going is easiest. This is plotted
directly on the photograph and a closure is made. Natur-
ally this will not agree exactly with the mosaic, and the

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

plane table sheet is brought into the office and the traverse
adjusted. This traverse is then plotted to the scale
desired for the finished map and the photos enlarged or
reduced to fit it, making a final corrected mosaic. The
timber types, which can be easily defined from the pictures,
then have their boundaries drawn in on the photographs,
and the different types are compared with standard photo-
graphs of the same general type which have already been
carefully checked on the ground. A sample area, which
seems to be a fair average, is laid out in each type, and
on this area all the trees are counted and an estimate
made of their height and the quantity of timber per acre,
based on the standards already referred to. In cases

entiated. Spruce cannot be distinguished from balsam-fir,
but poplar, birch, larch, jack pine and white pine can
be picked out.

Errors in Ground Cruising Eliminated in
Aerial Works

By the old method of ground cruising the number of
trees per acre could be determined with fair accuracy,
although there are many sources of error. For instance,
the strips are run with the compass, and usually their
length is obtained by pacing. The width of the strip
estimated is practically always determined by eye, so

Fig. No. 3. Aerial photograph of LaGabelle, St Maurice River. Progress of St. Maurice Power Company's development;

dam, power house, coffer dam and temporary village.

where greater accuracy is desired these plots are actually
checked on the ground.

Every one who has had any experience of timber
cruising by the "strip" method knows that even where
the cruise lines are located a half a mile apart, a swamp,
lake, or burn which runs parallel to the cruise line, may
be missed entirely. It is very difficult to sketch the
boundaries of types as they merge into one another
almost imperceptibly on the ground. From the air types
are very easily seen and on the aerial photograph can be
drawn with a surprising accuracy. Not only can different
types of timber be distinguished on aerial pictures but
individual trees of different kinds can be readily differ-

that here there is quite a chance of error. Where the
areas of burns, swamps, blowdowns, and various types
are determined by paced distances along cruise lines and
by sketching, there is a great likelihood of error.

With the aerial photographs the areas to which the
average per acre is to be applied are almost absolutely
accurate, and the number of trees per acre can be actually
counted. This leaves to be determined on the ground
the average height, the diameter, and the quality of the
timber. Where trees have been killed by the bud-worm,
the dead trees can be easily picked out on the photographs,
so that we now have a much more rapid and inexpensive
method of timber estimating.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Aerial Survey of a 450 square mile Timber Tract

An actual operation can be briefly described where
it was necessary to obtain information in regard to the
amount of timber on a tract of 450 square miles, together
with the condition of a pulp mill located 12 miles from
shipping point to which it was connected by rail. The
country was not accessible by rail, but only by steamer,
and then a drive of twelve to twenty miles was necessary
to reach the property. The country was extremely
broken, the hills rising to a height of a little over 4,000
feet, with deep valleys between them. The adjoining
area of about 350 square miles had required eight months
work on the ground with quite a large party. The first
step was for the forester in charge of work to fly over
the whole property using the existing government map
for the purpose of sketching in the timber types, burns,
and so forth, and making an ocular estimate of the
timber. As there were no lakes large enough for landing
it was necessary to fly between 7,000 and 7,500 feet, so
as to have some chance of landing in case of accident.

The first thing that was discovered was that one
chain of lakes, marked on the government map as draining
into the river on the property, was seen to drain into an
entirely different watershed, and a large lake at the other
end of the property was also found to be marked on the
map as going into the wrong river. The ocular estimate,
from the air, of the timber gave twelve cords to the acre
of spruce and fir, and the sample plots taken on the ground
ran from 11.6 to 12.4 cords per acre. The main river
draining the property was photographed, as was also a
lake which could be dammed for the purpose of storing
additional water. Photographs were also taken of the
timber, of the dams for holding logs, and of the railroad
and river connecting the mill and shipping point.

This work was completed, in spite of unfavourable
weather, in about a week. A ground operating party
was then made up and spent two weeks checking up the
quality, size, and the amount per acre of the timber on
plots which had been selected from the air as being
averages for the tract, and the whole report was submitted
to the owners within five weeks from the time of com-
mencing operations. The whole cost was about $11.00
per square mile, including making of mosaics, drafting,
and all office expenses. Other tracts varying in size from
thirty to two hundred square miles have also been covered
with the help of aerial photographs, but with these

contracts complete mosaics have been prepared, and the
estimates and type areas have been much more carefully
worked out.

Reconnaissance Survey of Northern Ontario

Twelve thousand square miles were sketched from
the air in northern Ontario during the past season, the
government foresters flying over vast unexplored areas
lying to the south and west of James bay. Here a very
low degree of accuracy was required, and this work was
only in the nature of reconnaissances to determine the
relative amounts of burnt and timbered lands. There
were no existing maps of this country, and no ground
control was attempted, everything being located entirely
by sketch. In no other way could the information about
this area have been obtained in so short a time, or at so
low a cost. The Ontario government are planning to
cover an area of nearly 20,000 square miles during the
approaching season, which will give it a very fair idea of
the timber resources of this hitherto unexplored territory.

Comparative Costs of Ground and Aerial Cruising

Even where the work is carried to the point where
ground control to the desired accuracy is made, either
by surveyed base lines or by plane table traverses, the
timber estimates made from the photographs carefully
checked on the ground, and a complete drainage and type
map prepared, the cost is lower than for work of far less
accuracy carried out entirely on the ground. The cost
naturally depends on how far it is necessary to fly to
reach the land to be examined, and also the construction
of a base at the point of operation. The average cost
at present for a map and timber estimate made entirely
on ground cruising runs from $60.00 to $75.00 per square
mile. Where aerial photography is employed work
carried on as outlined above can be done for $60.00 to
$65.00 a square mile, and work of the same accuracy as
that given by a 2 per cent ground cruise could be done
for $40.00 a square mile, but the whole area would be
covered by photographs and would amount to practically
a 100 per cent cruise.

It is very easy for one unacquainted with this work
to put forward theoretical objections to it, but the proof
of the pudding is in the eating, and after four years'
experience in this work the writer is willing to assert
the entire practicability and commercial usefulness of
aerial photography.

Fig. No. 4. Aerial photograph of the town of Grand Mere.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Irrigation Systems

Engineering features of operation and maintenance with particular reference to the

Western Section Irrigation Project.

Robert S. Stockton, M.E.I.C,

Superintendent of Operation and Maintenance, Western Section Irrigation Project, Canadian Pacific Railway.

Paper read before the Calgary Branch, of The Engineering Institute of Canada, February 12th, 1923.

The engineer responsible for the operating and
maintaining of a large irrigation project is concerned
with a variety of engineering work. This work has to
do with the repairs and replacements required by existing
structures, and betterments to such structures as well as
new structures required to meet new conditions as they
have developed, or new structures to take the place of
old ones of temporary character, or where the design has
not been adequate to meet actual conditions. Improve-
ment in design and construction or arrangement is always
possible, also the development in the use of water by the
land owners, may require new structures, or the remodel-
ing of old ones. For example, if the original deliveries of
water are to 160 acre units and if after some years, most
of the land is held in smaller units, it is evident that
changes in the system and new structures are necessary.
The operating engineer must have the irrigation system
so that water can be delivered to the water users as
required to produce crops and must therefore understand
irrigation farming and have a staff organized to give
reasonably efficient service. It would be too expensive
to give perfect service so that it is a case of giving as
good service as practicable and showing the water users
that they are getting all they can expect. It is not
easy to satisfy a large number of water users who realize
keenly that their income depends on the water service
rendered and who are inclined to look on good service
to themselves as most important, rather than the best
service to all the farmers on the project, which is the
actual aim of the operating force. The problem of
distributing water is somewhat analogous to running
trains, in that something is delivered on schedule time
over fixed routes. In most instances, water cannot be
stopped like a train in case of trouble, but can only
be diverted at some fixed or temporary spillway.

The maintenance engineer on an irrigation project
must have all the canals and ditches and the flumes,
drops, pipe lines and division gates so they will hold the
water required, plus an overload due to sudden storms
and all at the lowest cost consistent with the necessary
degree of safety considering the interests at stake. For
example, if there are 100,000 acres of land producing
crops having a gross value of $30.00 per acre, it means
that there is a $3,000,000 production more or less depend-
ent on the water service and any interruption becomes
an expensive matter.

The engineers responsible for operation and mainten-
ance see the irrigation system in operation year after
year and can observe the condition of different types of
structures and soils under the action of water. This
information is vital to the economic conduct of the
enterprise and of the greatest value to construction
engineers on future work. After observing the life of
concrete, timber and metal structures of various types
and designs, one should then go into the matter of cost
on an actuarial. basis as outlined by H. B. Muckleston,
m.e.i.c, in his paper published in The Engineering Journal
or April 1922.

The Western Section Irrigation project was started
about 1903 and the main canal, Chestermere lake reservoir
and the Secondary "A" canal to the Gleichen district
were completed and water run through during the season
of 1906, although no water was delivered to settlers until
1907. Nearly all the structures on this portion of the
system were of timber and quite a number of the larger
ones have been replaced after having served to failure,
or as long as they were safe. Construction work on the
project was continued until the end of 1910 when the
whole was turned over to the operation and maintenance
organization. The project therefore affords opportunities
for the observation of a great variety of timber and
concrete structures which have been in use from one
to seventeen years. The engineers responsible for operat-
ing and maintaining the system have been constantly
studying design of structures, field methods of handling
repairs, replacements and new work and particularly that
economic problem always assigned to engineers, namely,
of doing well for one dollar what anyone could do for two.
The operation and maintenance engineer has an annual
amount of earth to move and timber to place and much
of this work is in wet ground and in such small units and
so widely scattered and so related to delivering water
that it must largely be done as force account work.
In other words, the maintenance engineer on irrigation
work must act as the contractor and be capable of handling
men and equipment in a practical way and on a very wide
variety of work.

On the Western section, water is being carried in
360 miles of main canal and over 900 miles of distributary
ditches, as well as about 200 miles of spillway channels.
In connection with these canals and ditches, there are a
large number of division gates, turnout gates, drops or
falls, bridges, culverts, checks and flumes, besides a
number of special structures such as the headworks and
weir at Calgary, the Chestermere lake dam and the
Crossfield siphon.

The Sector Gate of the Calgary Weir

A particularly interesting and unusual feature of the
Calgary weir, is the sector gate which is a steel shell in
the form of a sector 153 feet long and with a 15- foot
radius from the hinge to the curved face. It is operated
by hydraulic pressure so as to hold back water for any
depth above the sill up to a maximum of 10 feet. This
depth makes it always possible to fill the main canal to
full supply or 10 feet in depth for a discharge of about
2,000 second-feet. This sector gate as originally designed
and installed was very difficult to operate, owing to the
ends getting out of line and binding, and owing to the
rapid accumulation of silt in the sector pit. A study of
this matter, covering several years was made by the
writer and G. H. Patrick, a.m.e.i.c. This study enabled
us to remodel the sector gate so that it now operates
smoothly up and down; silt is accumulating very slowly,
owing to a system of rubber belt sealers, and means for

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Fig. No. 1. Dalroy Flume.

removing the silt have been provided by cutting man-
holes in the deck. The gate is operated by first placing
stoplogs in the stoplog section of the weir which has
23 openings, 20 feet wide. This raises the water over
the sector weir and provides a head of water. By open-
ing the inlet valve, this head of water is made to act
against the surface of the sector which rises and thus
rapidly increases the available head. The sector is
lowered by closing the inlet valve and opening a large
outlet valve into the canal. The sector is held auto-
matically at any desired point by running the outlet
water through an annular weir which can be raised or
lowered to adjust the head and when set tends to equalize
any change in head, due to fluctuations in the Bow river,
from which the main canal diverts.

Chestermere Lake Dam

The Chestermere Lake dam is about 40 feet high
and 1,800 feet long and controls a lake or reservoir about
3 miles long and half a mile wide. The lake extends
north and south and during high winds developes a rather
heavy wave action on the dam. The rock rip-rap placed
before 1911 had gradually slid down and the bank was
washed in for a depth of several feet. The betterment
work undertaken included building the inner bank out
to a 23^ to 1 slope, which required 8,850 cubic yards of
earth, covering the entire slope with one foot of gravel,
requiring 2,570 cubic yards. Rip-rap was then placed
by hand over the slope and required 2,637 cubic yards
of which 1,870 cubic yards were taken from the old face.
The final step was to place fine gravel over the face of
the rip-rap so that it would fall into the crevices between
the stones and wedge them solidly in place. Piles have
been driven for a boom as an additional precaution, but
owing to ice action early in the spring, this is of doubtful
value. We have found everywhere that there must be a
good layer of gravel under rip-rap in order that it may
stay in place.

Crossfield Siphon

The Crossfield siphon was built in 1910 and finished
and painted with creosote in the spring of 1911. The
siphon is 53 inches in inside diameter, 1,680 feet long and
operates under a head of 90 feet. There is a head of
8 feet allowed for an estimated capacity of 130 second-
feet of water. The staves were 2-inch by 6-inch Douglas
fir held by H-inch rods spaced in proportion to the total
head. The first trouble that developed in operating this
siphon occurred due to lack of proper anchorage and
chair supports, coupled with storm water running down
the pipe trench and washing out the supports. This
trouble occurred in the spring of 1911 and was at once
remedied by diverting storm water, putting in bulk-heads

and rock, and backfilling a portion of the pipe with bank-
run sand and gravel. The porous backfilling was a
mistake and resulted in early rotting of staves from the
ground line downwards. In 1918 a few staves were
rotted to a depth of Yi inch and repairs to the piers and
rock-filled bulkheads were made and all exposed parts
of the siphon painted with water gas and coal tar. At
some points, particularly the north end, the backfilling
was removed and the staves painted, but a considerable
portion of the pipe remained covered with the porous
backfilling.

About 11 p.m., on the night of July 16th, 1921, there
was a break near the south end of this siphon which had
been almost completely backfilled and where many of
the staves were very rotten. A leak had previously
developed and had been patched with the idea that it
would last until the end of the season. The rush of the
water rapidly eroded the supporting earth under the
siphon and cut down into a bed of sand which melted
away until a hole 100 feet long, 50 feet wide and 20 feet
deep was formed. The pipe fell into the hole and was
wrecked for a distance of 75 feet. The water from the
break was diverted by one of the bulkheads or cutoff
walls built to divert storm water and for an emergency
such as occurred, to the drainage ditch running parallel
to the siphon and this saved the remaining portion of
the structure on the south hill. There was 25 second-
feet running at the time of the break and the ditchrider
discovered the trouble and turned off the water at 9 a.m.,
Sunday after it had run about ten hours. The siphon
was built up again and water turned in, on the morning
of July 30th. At the end of the season, the siphon was
thoroughly repaired and repainted with water gas and
coal tar. About 375 feet of new pipe was built and 34
patches put in which left the siphon in good shape again.
The siphon is now all uncovered, except a few hundred
feet on flat ground in the coulee where the filling apparently
always remains wet. However, the staves in this section
were in good condition after twelve years and were there-
fore not disturbed.

Heaving Action of Frost on Piles

One of the problems of interest in connection with
maintenance work on the Western section, has to do with
the heaving action of frost on piles. There is a total of
a little less than 100,000 linear feet of piling used for
bridge and flume bents and a considerable number of
piles have been raised by frost action. The piles affected
are usually in wet places and not driven over 10 or 12

Fig. No. 2. C.P.R. Excavator No. 2 on South Cluny Canal.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

feet. A pile that once starts to heave never goes back
and continues to rise although it may not go up every
winter. Cases have been observed where the pile has
lifted about a foot in one season. This condition has
increased the cost of maintenance and decreased the life
of some bridges and flumes. The present practice is to
drive to refusal or secure a penetration of from 14 to
20 feet.

Removal of Silt and Vegitable Growth from Ditches

After an irrigation system has been in use for a few
years, the ditches begin to grow up with weeds, grass,
brush and willows. This growth, together with inequal-
ities of grade, drifting soils, etc., tend to encourage the
deposit of silt. These factors in varying proportions
gradually reduce the carrying capacity, particularly of
the smaller distributary ditches. Sometimes a small
ditch may be drifted full of silt in one dust storm. It is
estimated that on the average, these smaller ditches might
have to be cleaned once in five years. The high labour
rates and the limited time available when the ditch is
empty and not frozen, made it extremely difficult to get
the work done with teams and the cost of moving wet
material held by the abundant growth of vegetation with
its mass of roots and occasional brush, was high. This
constituted the most serious problem that the staff had
to solve and the conditions pointed to some kind of a
power excavator.

After a study of all existing machines, the writer
recommended the purchase of a machine made in Cali-
fornia by C. H. Ruth, and called the Ruth dredger.
One of these machines was obtained and tried out during
the season of 1918 and proved that it was of the right
type but was poorly designed and built, so that it would
not stand up under the work. The Ruth dredger has
since been greatly improved and the new models are in
successful use now in the United States. Since this
problem at that time was a very pressing one, it was
arranged to re-design the Ruth dredger and have it built
by the Riverside Iron Works in Calgary. The new
machine was improved in every detail except the bucket
line, which was the patented feature of the machine.
A caterpillar traction was substituted for the old Bull
wheel of the Ruth dredger and an Erd heavy duty four-
cylinder engine substituted for the old single cylinder
Titan which caused so much vibration on the old machines.
The new machines are called D.N.R., excavators and have

Fig. No. 3. Fifteen-foot Timber Drop Crowfoot Spillway.

Fig. No. 4. Notch Drop No. 1, Main Canal.

been a great success. There are now six excavators in
use on the Western section, nine on the Eastern section
and one on the Lethbridge section. The credit for the
design of the D.N.R., excavator, rests chiefly with Ben D.
Fessenden, assistant canal superintendent in charge of
mechanical equipment on the Western section and E.
Dutcher, mechanical engineer for the Riverside Iron
Works.

During 1922, the six excavators on the Western
section cleaned out 273 miles of ditch at a total cost of
$115.52 per mile. It is estimated that the saving this
year over and above the cost of team work, will be around
$50,000.00. The cost per yard of earth moved is about
12 to 15 cents, including interest and depreciation on the
machines. The digging speed is about 5 feet per minute
and about 13 to 15 buckets per minute are dumped.
The buckets hold 2 x /i cubic feet when full, and from
600 to 1,000 cubic yards per mile is the estimated average
for these machines as handled on the section.

A Total Fall of 700 feet throughout the System

A natural feature which has been of prime importance
in the construction, operation and maintenance of the
Western section, is the fall of the country over which the
system is constructed. The headgate sill of the main
canal at Calgary is at elevation 3,354 and the secondary
"A" canal tails out in the Crowfoot creek at elevation
2,650, which corresponds to a total fall of about 700 feet.
This feature has made necessary a large number of drops
and inclined flumes to take up excess grade. There are
twenty-three reinforced concrete drops and the Dalroy
flume in the secondary canals and a 10-foot concrete
drop in the main canal. The Dalroy flume, built in 1915
is of galvanized iron 10 feet 2 inches in diameter, 820 feet
long and has a drop of 44 feet. It starts at a concrete
division gate and empties into a concrete diffusion chamber
of special design. The Hammerhill spillway flume is
another inclined flume built in 1916, and is 1,696 feet long.
It is built of galvanized iron, (Pedlar metal), graduating
from a diameter of 7 feet 7% inches down to 5 feet lj/g
inche with a fall of 102.85 feet. There is a concrete
inlet with one foot fall and a timber outlet with 5 feet fall.
The timber outlet was selected because of very alkaline
soil and consists of a large boxlike chamber with a baffle
wall against which the high velocity of the water is
dissipated. The Dalroy flume diffusion chamber, built
of concrete, had to be covered in order to conform to the
same principle. On account of wear, the use of metal
flumes is not recommended except on low grades and with
moderate velocities. Metal flumes are now all protected
by painting with water gas and coal tar, as a general
practice in maintenance.

Types of Drops

In addition to the concrete drops and metal flumes
mentioned, there are now in use 74,333 feet of inclined

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

flume of metal and timber, but largely of timber, and
8,608 timber drops of from 1 to 4 feet in height and 68
timber drops of from 5 to 15 feet in height. A standard
one-foot drop has been developed for small ditches which
is used largely and a more elaborate timber drop for falls
of from 2 to 6 feet, both types being of a submerged
water cushion type and based on the following empirical
formula divised by the writer. Water cushion depth
equals J 3 the sum of the height of drop, plus depth of

water, C = ~— - Length of water cushion equals the

height of drop, plus twice the depth of water L = d t +2d 2 .
Larger drops have also been built following closely the
lines of the standard drop for small ditches.

There has also been developed a drop used in both
small and large ditches and particularly in spillway
channels, which has a double or single water cushion
according to size of drop, but always above grade and
formed by baffle walls. A small standard drop has been
designed, but the large ones have all been special structures
but along similar lines. The following empiracal formula
is suggested as it follows closely the results of field observa-
tions. Water cushion depth equals }i the height of drop,
plus depth of water, and for larger drops, the second baffle

is half the first one. Ci

di + d.

and Co =

d, + d.

The length of the water cushion would be twice the height
of drop, plus the depth of water under a maximum normal
head. L = 2d! + d 2 .

The reinforced concrete drops are built on several
different general designs, but most of them are of the
Indian type notch drop. The objections to this type are
on account of extra form work, yardage and cost, and on
account of troubles in operation due to weeds, brush or
timbers catching in the notches and raising the water
behind the drop to perhaps a dangerous degree. Our
latest designs, as worked out by G. P. F. Boese, a.m.e.i.c,
have a single notch designed to control velocity of approach
and with a proper water cushion below to counteract
the velocity of the fall. The below grade water cushion
has a sloping outlet to allow for ice expansion if necessary.

There is nothing however, quite equal to a sufficiently
deep and long water cushion below canal grade, but in
wet ground as we always have in renewals after water
has been running for years, the deeper excavation is often
quite expensive. We favour a perfectly plain design
with the tops of the walls finished with a chamfered edge.
The cut-off and return walls are dimensioned according
to soil conditions but cut-off walls are usually put below
grade a number of feet corresponding to the normal
maximum depth of water, and return walls are carried

|MHHH^|

. V

Kfc^^

* - 1

Fig. No. 6. Section A Canal near Strathmore, Alta. Drop No. 8A,
Discharge 325 second-feet.

at least to the top of the inner slope of the bank, unless
the canal is in thorough cut.

Another type of masonry drop has been used in a
number of cases, where rock was available. This is
called a rock drop and consists of an inclined rock chute
with proper cut-off walls and with a water cushion or
paved outlet. The structures built have baffle stones
projecting 12 to 18 inches and at about 33^-foot intervals,
staggered so as to break up the velocity of the water.
The baffle stones are quite effective with a moderate
discharge and reduce the velocity under a maximum
head, but not sufficiently to obviate the necessity for a
considerable length of rip-rap. These rock drops are
simple in construction and do not require form work
and are economical where plenty of rock is available at
low cost. There is a foot of gravel under the rock and the
rocks are carefully laid in a bed of cement mortar and all
interstices are completely filled with 1 : 3 cement mortar.

The largest structure of this type we have built is
called the McElroys weir and was completed in 1920.
The structure is designed to discharge 1,500 second-feet
of water at a depth of 3 feet over a crest 88 feet long.
The chute is 100 feet long and has a 10-foot approach
and 20-foot outlet section and drops the water 10 feet.
The rock masonry averaged a little over one foot thick
and 33.7 per cent of the masonry was mortar. One sack
of cement was used to 8.56 square feet of masonry. A
smaller rock drop is shown in the following pictures.
This is drop 7 A and is designed to discharge a maximum
of 600 second-feet over a raised crest and has a 2-foot
water cushion, and a 10-foot fall.

Fig. No. 5. Rock Drop 7A, Secondary A Canal
near Strathmore, Alta.

Fig. No. 7. Completed Rock Drop No. 7A, near
Strathmore, Alta.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924'

Proper use of Timber of Utmost Importance

Since most of the structures on the Western section
are of timber, the proper use of this material is of the
utmost importance. A survey of these structures shows
over 11,000,000 feet B.M. of timber in place, which
indicates that with repairs there would be around 1,500,000
feet B.M., required annually if renewals are based on a
10-year average life. Careful experiments with various
classes of pressure treated and brush treated creosoted
lumber are now being made. A study of results else-
where and observation of brush treated telephone poles
used here since 1911, and a consideration of costs, inclines
the writer to believe that the maximum of economy under
present conditions will result from giving such structures
a brush treatment in the field as they are built. Pressure
treated lumber will no doubt result in a longer life to the
structure, but such lumber is difficult to handle and work,
and costs more for creosoting, so that the final result may
be more expensive considering the proper annual charge
based on costs and probable life.

Many of the important drops and flumes are now being
built with two thicknesses of 2-inch plank or one thickness of
2-inch plank and one thickness of inch material for the
sides and floors. In many cases, a layer of tar paper is
placed between the two layers of plank, as the results
of this practice, as observed in some of the old structures,
appears to have added to the life of the wood besides
which the tar paper makes the wall or floor more nearly
watertight. When a single layer of 2-inch plank is used
in ditch structures, it is usually tongue-and-grooved. The
policy has gradually leaned towards the heavy timber
construction, due to the longer life of such structures.
More than half the cost of the ditch structures in place
is accounted for by carpenter work, excavation of wet
material and backfilling. It therefore pays to put in
more lumber and defer the time of renewal.

It is quite important that all ditch structures, that
must carry water, shall be puddled in as backfilling
progresses. A drop or gate backfilled with more or less
dry material usually goes out sooner or later and must

then be puddled in if anyone is there in time, but there
is always a chance of damage to, or loss of the structure.
Structures built in the fall should be partially backfilled
and then puddled in when water is available in the spring.

There are other ditch structures that could be
discussed, notably farmers turnout gates, division gates,
canal bank gates and flumes. On the Western section
during 1922, there was over 1,500,000 feet B.M., of
lumber placed in ditch structures for maintenance and
renewals at a field cost of about $75.00 per M feet B.M.,
including hauling, lumber, nails, excavation and back-
filling.

This discussion, it is hoped, will give a general idea
of the type and methods of maintenance and renewal of
the ordinary structures used on an irrigation system.
Other phases of operation work, such as duty of water
in irrigation, water measurement and records, method of
irrigation in general use, proper grades to prevent silt or
scour, design of structures to handle Russian thistles and
other weeds blown into the ditches, control of burrowing
animals, prevention or removal of aquatic growth in the
canals and many other things have more or less to do
with the design, construction and maintenance of
structures.

In closing it would be well to call attention to the
great possibilities which lie in the complete development
of the irrigation resources of Alberta. There is a possib-
ility of developing 1,500,000 acres of irrigated land
without counting another 1,000,000 acres or more that
could be served from the North Saskatchewan and often
referred to as the Wm. Pearce irrigation project. We can
look forward to a time when this area will bring returns
of perhaps $50,000,000 per year and will have caused a
great growth of the cities and towns. The irrigated land
lends itself to intensive development with small farm
units. The increased farm and city population will foster
industrial development which in turn increases population
and affords markets for farm produce. The irrigated
areas also supplement adjacent dryland and ranch-
production.

Recent Developments on The Temiskaming and
Northern Ontario Railway

The Development of Northern Ontario and Its Natural Resources with the Extension of the Railway

S.B. Clement, M.E. I.C.,
Chief Engineer, The Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway.

Paper read before the Toronto Branch of The Engineering Institute of Canada, November 29th, 1923.

The history of the settlement and industrial develop-
ment of Canada during the last seventy-five years is in
large part the story of its railways. Nowhere has this
relationship been more conspicious than in Northern
Ontario, particularly in the districts of Temiskaming
and Cochrane, during the last two decades. There the
Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway was original-
ly projected as a colonization railway and has been extend-
ed from time to time and has made possible the present
settlement and industrial development of these districts.

Engineering science has played a pre-eminent part
in the evolution of the modern railway and to-day is
applied in its construction and operation to a greater
extent than ever before. By reason of their vital import-

ance in the every day economic life of the nation, the
railways probably attract more widespread and intense
public interest than other engineering undertakings.
Recent developments on the Temiskaming and Northern
Ontario Railway will be of interest to Ontario members
of The Institute from an economic as well as an engineering
standpoint, and, as the engineering problems encountered
have not been of great novelty or magnitude, in this
address possibly greater attention will be given to econ-
omic considerations than to details of engineering design
and construction. In any discussion of the activities
of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway,
(T. and N. O. Ry.), the fact that it is essentially a develop-
ment railway, should be borne in mind, although in this

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Fig. No. 1. Abitibi Canyon, Abitibi River looking North.

respect only, it differs from other railways that have been
built and operated primarily for the profits from operating
revenues.

Colonization prior to Advent of Steam Railway

Before the advent of the steam railway, transporta-
tion by land was so costly and restricted that the settle-
ment of what is now British North America was confined
to comparatively narrow fringes along the Atlantic coast
and the navigable rivers and lakes. During the long
struggles for supremacy in North America, the French
planted their colonies along the St. Lawrence and were
in effective control of the St. Lawrence — Great Lakes
waterway. At the same time, although the British
controlled Hudson bay, a second great waterway into
the heart of the continent, their efforts at colonization were
confined to the colonies along the Atlantic coast. It is
true that access to the Hudson bay was through Hudson
strait, which was navigable for but three months each
year, and the shores of Hudson bay and James bay were
not as attractive for settlement as the Atlantic colonies,
or even the shores of the St. Lawrence. But the reason
that there was no British attempt at colonization on
Hudson bay and tributary waterways, was that they
were effectively closed to settlement and reserved exclu-
sively for the fur trade by the granting of exclusive rights
to the Hudson Bay Company in 1670. By the time
these reservations were removed, the present trade routes
from the seaboard to the head of the Great Lakes and to
the great interior plain of North America, had become
established. Notwithstanding, many and great climatic
and physiographic disadvantages, Hudson bay and its
tributary waterways, would have made a substantial
contribution to the development of Canada, had they not
been effectively closed during the period that the St.
Lawrence route was developing to its present importance.

Settlement flows Westward leaving Northern
Ontario Untouched

As the tide of settlement flowed westward, in the
second half of last century, it left untouched the vast and
unknown area stretching from these bays to the Great Lakes
on the south and the prairies on the southwest. In time,
forty years ago, a Canadian transcontinental railway
became a political and economic necessity. So awed
by this unexplored wilderness were the builders of the
Canadian Pacific Railway, that, in their location, they
clung to the north shore of lake Superior rather than
venture back into the wilderness, through which their

later competitors have found more favourable routes.
The children in the Ontario schools, until recently, learned
their geography from a wall map of the province showing
that portion south of the French river and lake Nipissing
on a large scale, while out in the middle of lake Huron was
an inset on a very small scale of the northern and western
portion of the province ; the only details being a meandering
line to represent the C.P.R., and such enlightening com-
ments as "unexplored", "timber", "fur", "minerals".
If one were to compare a school geography map of the
year 1900 with maps dating back to the year 1700, the
only difference would appear to be in the more accurate
detail location of the principal water routes. These
were all well known to the early British and French fue
traders, and subsequent engineering and geologicar

Fig. No. 2. Route Map of the proposed James Bay Extension,
T. & N.O. Ry.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

exploration had been confined to them, except of course
areas quite close to the Great Lakes.

About twenty-five years ago, a number of hardy
pioneers had established small and struggling settlements
at Haileybury and New Liskeard, at the north end of
lake Temiskaming where the Ontario government had
then recently opened a few townships for settlement.
Separated from the nearest railway in the province by
over 100 miles of impassable rocks and forests, the only
access was from Temiskaming, Quebec, at the south end
of the lake. Notwithstanding the difficulties or transpor-
tation, it was soon shown that the soil was fertile and that
with satisfactory transportation the settlement of these
townships would be profitable and desirable.

Aggressive Development commenced in the Year 1900

The first aggressive steps toward the development of
Northern Ontario began in the year 1900 when the legis-
lature voted $40,000 for "surveys and exploration". When
the data, collected the following summer by a number
of survey parties, were compiled it was found that beyond
the height of land, particularly in the drainage basin of
the Abitibi and Metagami rivers and their tributaries,
there was a large area of fertile clay land timbered mostly

with spruce and poplar, and very similar to the clay land
at the head of lake Temiskaming. This area, which was
estimated to contain 16,000,000 acres, became known
as the Northern Ontario Clay Belt. In 1902 the Legis-
lature provided for the construction of the Temiskaming
and Northern Ontario Railway "from a point at or near
North Bay to a point on lake Temiskaming". The rail-
way was in operation to New Liskeard in January, 1905,
but in the meantime the Dominion government had under-
taken the construction of the National Transcontinental
Railway from Quebec to Winnipeg across the "clay belt"
and the legislature had authorized the extension of the
T. & N. O., to connect with the Transcontinental near the
Abitibi river. The operation of the railway to the junc-
tion at Cochrane commenced on November 30th, 1908.
Since then branch lines of the T. & N. O. Ry. have been
built from Porquis Jet. to the Porcupine gold area and to
the great paper mill of the Abitibi Power and Paper
Company at Iroquois Falls. Two short branches have
also been built through the farming lands in the Temis-
kaming district. The total mileage now operated by
the T. & N. O. Ry., is 328, consisting of:

Main line — North Bay to Cochrane 252 miles

and Branch lines 76 miles

Fig. No. 3. Profile of Metagami River from Kenogamissi Lake to Moose River.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Fig. No. 4.

Abitibi River Crossing, Mile 44.4 from Cochrane,
T. & N.O. Ry.

Recent developments in gold and silver mining, in
pulp and paper manufacturing and in agriculture in the
districts of Temiskaming and Cochrane are well known
and accepted as more than justifying the province in
building the present lines of the T. & N. O. Ry. The
value of the products of these industries annually exceeds
the investment in the railway. The net operating profit
during the past year was three per cent, but when the
railways' contribution to the wealth and prosperity of
the province and the additional indirect revenue derived
by the province, are considered, the balance sheet will
be found to be on the right side.

Investigations and Selection of Route North
of Cochrane

Although originally projected to reach the clay lands
at the head of lake Temiskaming, the conception of the
possibilities of the railway grew and while the extension
to the Transcontinental was under construction, legis-
lature, in 1905, made a small appropriation for an explo-
ratory survey of the Abitibi river to James bay, in anti-
cipation of the ultimate extension to tide water.

In 1911 the systematic investigation of the topogra-
phy and resources of the country north from Cochrane
and the possibilities of harbours on James bay was com-
menced. These investigations from time to time have
beenmadeby S. C. Ells, m.e.i.c. and W. R. Maher, a.m.e.i.c.
and Major Jas. McMillan, at present of the provincial
department of mines. The results of these explorations
have been included in the reports of the T. & N. O. Ry.
Commission which, with the reports of other departments
of the government, have made available considerable
detailed information with reference to the Moose River
basin.

In selecting a route for a further extension of the
T. & N. O. Ry., for the purpose of developing the area
between the Transcontinental Railway and James bay,
an endeavor was made to locate it through or convenient
to areas that appeared to have the best prospects of an
early industrial development. It was found that the
most desirable route would be obtained by following
the Abitibi river. This route would be through the
better drained areas most suitable for settlement, it would
cross a number of large rivers at points where pulpwood
and timber could be collected for manufacture or ship-
ment and would be close to a number of large water
powers, the development of which would lead to the
establishment of pulp and paper or other industries.

It was also considered that any extension should be
capable of being ultimately extended to a terminus on

James bay. The most suitable harbour on the bay was
found to be in the estuary of the Moose with a site for a
railway terminal on the west bank near Revillon's Post.

The route shown on the map figure No. 2 has been
located and meets these conditions. Comparatively
light gradients, one-half of one per cent have been obtained
with maximum curvature of four degrees. The grading
is quite light except in the vicinity of Abitibi canyon, about
75 miles from Cochrane, where there will be four or five
miles of heavy excavation mostly in sand. The numerous
river crossings will require comparatively heavy bridging.

The usual difficulties accompanying railway location
in northern Canada were met with. Supplies were largely
taken down the Abitibi river, which was used as a base, by
canoes in summer and dog teams in winter. Supplies
for the last season's work on the Moose were sent in from
Pagwa on the C.N.R. At this station the fur trading
companies, each spring, float down large quantities of
supplies on scows with the spring freshet. These go down
the Pagwatchouan to the Kenogami river and thence to
the Albany river. From Fort Albany they are taken to
Moose Factory by schooner.

First Seventy Miles from Cochrane under
Construction

Only the first seventy miles from Cochrane are at
present under construction. A general contract for clear-
ing, grading, culverts, bridge foundations, tracklaying
and ballasting was awarded to Messrs. Grant Smith
and Company, and McDonnell Limited of Vancouver,
in January 1922. The steel bridges are being supplied
and erected by the Hamilton Bridge Works Company of
Hamilton. Grading having been practically completed
for the entire 70 miles and track laid and ballasted to the
bridge at the second crossing of the Abitibi river, 44.4 miles
from Cochrane, it was recently found desirable to take
the work out of the hands of the general contractor.
This was done and since the first of November the com-
mission has been operating a tri-weekly construction
service from Cochrane to Island Falls Jet., at mileage 43,
where connection is made with a spur line, three miles
long, to the Hollinger power development now under
construction at Island Portage, on the Abitibi river.
Tracklaying and ballasting north of the second crossing
will be completed by labour next season.
Grading Excavation

The grading on this seventy miles was comparatively
light, averaging about 16,000 cubic yards per mile. There
was no ledge rock excavation, except a few hundred yards

Fig. No. 5. Abitibi River Crossing, Mile 11.4 frorrTCochrane,
T. & N.O. Ry.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Fig. No. 6. Moose River from Revillon's Post May 3rd, 1923.

in the bottom of two cuttings near the Sucker creek cross-
ing at mile 20. The grading may be grouped under two
types characteristic of the clay belt; the alternate cut
and fill on the broken ground along the river and lakes
and the long low fills from side borrow across the swamps
and unbroken country.

All grading excavation was classified under three
heads "solid rock", "loose rock", and "common excava-
tion". These are defined in the specifications as follows:

"Solid Rock" shall comprise all detached rock or
boulders measuring more than one cubic yard, and
all rock in place requiring blasting to remove it.
Lose Rock shall comprise all detached rock or boulders
measuring more than one cubic foot and less than
one cubic yard, and shale, slate, and other rock which
can be removed without blasting although blasting
may be occasionally resorted to.
Common Excavation shall include all materials of
whatever nature that do not come under the classi-
fication of "solid rock" or loose rock".

The material in line cuttings with the exception of
the solid rock previously referred to, was of glacial origin.
It varied from extremely fine sands and clays to coarse
boulders and from complex drift to clays and sands of
marked stratification. The classification of these mater-
ials under this specification at times presents some
difficulties, but it is doubtful that the problem is simplified
by the use of a fourth or hardpan classification.

Embankments and Cuttings

Embankments are eighteen feet and cuttings twenty-
four feet wide, and both were trimmed to slopes of 1^
to 1. The slopes of a number of the cuts were not stable
at this angle and there has been some slipping and slough-
ing off but the yardage involved was not great. After
track was laid, those cuts were ditched with a steam
railway ditcher, loading into air dump cars, which is the
cheapest and most economical method of removing surplus
material from cuts. A slope of 1^ to 1 is too steep for
much of the clay. It is impracticable in railway con-
struction to determine in advance the proper slope for
each cut and it is more economical to subsequently ditch
the cuts where necessary by the above method than to
excavate all of the cuts to an unnecessarily flat slope.

There were no serious land slides. The slips in the
cuts already referred to merely filled the side ditches and
did not cover the rails. In making fills across creek
beds, there were some settlements of the heavier filling
through the muck to a firm bearing, the displaced material
rising on either side. In a few instances during ballasting
operations there were settlements of muskeg embank-
ments. It does not appear to be practicable to anticipate
these settlements. Although the muskegs are deeper and
softer where the timber is sparse and stunted, and wide
crosslogging may be used under the embankments where
considered necessary, generally this type of sink hole
develops where least expected.

Rails, Ties and Ballast

Track, on the extension, is laid with 80 pound
A.S.C.E., section rail and heat treated angle bars and

£rSS,£y Kij'

#SuP

(,..,..„.„ )"'•

HALF END ELEVATION

HALF SECTION

QUANTITIES

4&sz4fr e^U

is ,;.' r .iM,.,- .','»■"""'

T.&N.O.R.

STANDARD 6" 6 tfAIL CONCRETE CULVERT
ScAi.i-l«lrj.

PAP.T PLAN

Fig. No. 7. Standard 6-foot by 6-foot Rail Concrete Culvert, T. & N.O. Ry.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

bolts and all curves are fully tie plated. The ties are of
untreated jack pine, 18 to 20 per 33-foot rail depending
upon the size. Passing tracks are located at intervals of
about 6 miles. In the switches of passing tracks No. 11
springs frogs and 22-foot switch points, are used. All
other switches have No. 8 frogs and 15-foot switch points.
Sand or gravel suitable for ballast was not found in
quantity along the line of the railway. Some difficulty
even was encountered in finding material suitable for
trestle filling. Except for a small quantity of selected
material, obtained from the trainfill pits, the bulk of the
ballast had to be hauled from a pit three miles south
of Cochrane. The scarcity of gravel will also make it
necessary to haul ballast long distances in the event of
the further extension of the railway to James bay.

Construction in Advance of Tracking

By reason of the scarcity of material suitable for
aggregate for concrete, only a very few structures could
be built in advance of tracklaying, and, except at the
two large bridges over the Abitibi river at mileages 11.4
and 44.4, track was carried over the streams on temporary
structures.

The proportions of the concrete used were:

Cement Fine Coarse

Aggregate Aggregate
For reinforced concrete or concrete

deposited under water 1 2 4

Mass concrete in forms 1 2)4. 5

Foundation concrete 1 3 6

The aggregate largely came from a gravel pit about
one-half mile from the track and five miles north of
Cochrane. Fine aggregate predominated in the pit
gravel and, to obtain proper proportions, a sufficient
amount of screened, coarse aggregate was added.

Reinforced concrete or corrugated iron pipes up to
three feet in diameter were used for the smaller water-
ways, and as far as practicable were teamed in the winter
and placed in advance of the grading. The reinforced
concrete pipes are preferable but corrugated iron are

Fig. No. 8. Landslide in the Clay Belt, along the Route
of the T. & N.O. Ry.

lighter and permit of easy handling and were used where
the team haul was greatest.

Reinforced concrete flat top culverts were used where
a greater opening was required than could be provided by
a double 36-inch pipe culvert. Standard plans of concrete
culverts are reproduced. Theoretically arch culverts are
more economical in material, but a slight settlement of
either bench wall results in serious cracks, if not in the
complete failure of the arch. It is difficult to avoid
settlement when built on the softer clays, even when
piling is used, and to repair or rebuild a broken culvert
under a high embankment and maintain traffic is a
costly proceeding. Scrap rail reinforcing is used through-
out in this type of culvert. It accumulates in large
quantities on railways and costs per pound but a fraction
of the cost per pound of reinforcing bars. In many cases
sufficient rail is used in the tops to carry the load and the
concrete merely serves as a protection.

ITilTI

t. avc/rt/a/AML sFcr/dft

Mir cfrc^a-sicr/o*

HALF END ZLZYATiaV

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STANDARD
/O'ilO RAIL CONCRE T£ Cl/L tZRT
Sco/t- */»- ///

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Fig. No. 9. Standard 10-foot by 10-foot Rail Concrete Culvert, T. & N.O. Ry.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Landslides along River in Clay Belt

Landslides along the banks of many of the rivers
in the clay belt have been of frequent occurrence. A
recent slide on the Blanche river in the fifth and sixth
concession of Evanturel, is of sufficient interest to be
briefly described. This slide effected the west bank of
the river for almost one-half a mile and extended back,
in places, for several hundred feet, and covered an area
of about 50 acres. The original bed of the river was
blocked and the water dammed back until it flowed over
the narrow flood plain on the east side. At the lower
end of the slide, the bed of the river rose vertically about
forty feet, while at the upper end, the original river
channel was filled by the movement of the west bank.
The slide appears to have been due primarily to the
flowing of an underlying stratum of very soft viscous clay.
The overlying stratified clays broke along horizontal and
vertical planes. The bridge abutment was moved about
200 feet horizontally and 40 feet vertically.

First Crossing Bridge on Abitibi River

In crossing the larger streams, the use of high bridge
abutments was avoided where possible, particularly on un-
stable material or on steeply sloping banks. All bridges were
designed for E-60 loading and in accordance with Canadian
Engineering Standards Specification with B. C. fir decks.
Where foundations are good as on solid or loose rock,
and within certain limitations as to height, a reinforced
concrete abutment with concrete slabs has been success-
fully used and is more economical than a U-type abutment.
The bridge of the first crossing of the Abitibi river,
mile 11.3, consists of one 75-foot, two 110-foot and three
90-foot deck plate girder spans, supported on concrete
piers and abutments. The footings in all cases were on

hard pan. In the design of the bridge, provision was
made for the raising of the level of the river which would
follow the development of the Long Sault Rapids water
power. A pool elevation at approximately the level of
the tail race at the Iroquois Falls plant of the Abitibi
Power and Paper Company was assumed, and in anti-
cipation of navigation of this pool, a clearance of 14 feet
was provided. Apart from this restriction longer deck
truss spans in place of the 110- foot plate girders could
have been used.

Satisfactory concrete gravel was found on each side
of the river within teaming distance. Simple concrete
mixing plants were installed on the top of each bank.
The south abutment and piers Nos. 1 and 2 were poured
from the south bank and the other piers from the north
bank, all but pier No. 2, in advance of tracklaying.

In this structure there are 869,519 pounds of steel
and 3,142.5 cubic yards of concrete.

An unexpected summer flood of unprecedented
volume swept away the cofferdam for pier No. 2. The
work on the other piers was well advanced and to avoid
several months delay to tracklaying, temporary construc-
tion was used in place of the two 100-foot deck plate girders
between piers No. 1 and No. 3. Three 55-foot deck plate
girder spans already fabricated for one of the steel viaducts
and a short length of timber trestle at each end were used
to span the opening. Timber bents built on the cribs
of the cofferdam supported the abutting ends of the
girders, thus avoiding the placing of piling in the deep and
swift channel. On the completion of the r; 1 "<e tempo-
rary work was removed and the 110-foot S S' ^ ~»lace in
permanent position. The timber in the ^^ ns ± struc-
ture was used again elsewhere for false wor 0r a/y

T.ano Rr

JAMC3 &Ar tXTtnilO"!

ABITIBI BIVEE CP055inG

MILt 113 FC0W COCnCAHt

vi/t. . ^ -^/.urn-A^-

Fig. No. 10. Plan of Bridge at First Abitibi Crossing, T. & NO. Ry.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Fig. No. 11. Plan of Bridge Second Abitibi River Crossing, T. & N.O. Ry.

Abitibi River Second Crossing Bridge

The other crossing of the Abitibi river is at mile '44.4
midway between the Carrying Places and Island Portage.
On the completion of the Hollinger power development
at Island Portage, which is one and one-half miles below
the bridge site, the level of the water will be raised to the
foot of the Long Sault rapids. A 220-foot deck truss
spans the present river channel and clears the regulated
water level by 7^ feet. Deck plate girder approach spans
provide additional clearance for navigation. The total
length of the bridge, 670 feet, comprising five 55-foot,
two 35-foot, and one 100 foot deck plate girder spans and
one 220- foot deck truss span.

The steel work is carried on concrete piers and pedes-
tals, all of which are on solid rock except the south abut-
ment and adjacent pedestals, which are on hardpan. All
concrete was mixed in a plant at the top of the south bank
and was spouted to, and then elevated at piers C and A.
Concrete for the north end was spouted to cars and tram-
med across a suspension bridge and then elevated and
spouted to the forms. This suspension bridge was so
adjusted that both loaded and empty cars crossed by
gravity, except for the last few feet at each end where
they required a little assistance.

The erection of the truss span involved the placing of
false work under considerable difficulty. The current
is very swift and deep and the bed of the river is bare rock.
To hold the piles for the falsework, cables were stretched
across the river between the main piers. Staging on
these cables held the top of the piles while the bottom of
each pile was held against the current by a long wire
anchored to a projecting rock, a short distance above

the bridge. On these piles, timber towers were built
under the alternate panels.

In this structure there are 1,615,123 pounds of steel
and 3,685.8 cubic yards of concrete.

Swastika-Larder Lake Branch

The Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway
Commission also has under construction, a railway of
quite a different type from that which has just been des-
cribed. This branch extends from Swastika east through
the Kirkland Lake gold area to Larder Lake, a distance
of about twenty-four miles. A number of years ago
the commission obtained all the capital stock of the
Nipissing Central Railway Company, which operated
an interurban electric railway between Cobalt and Hailey-
bury but held a Dominion charter with rights to construct
a number of additional lines in Northern Ontario and
Quebec. As the route of one of these lines was well
adapted to the purpose, it was utilized and the Swastika-
Larder Lake branch is being built as a Nipissing Central
line.

This branch is being built to serve a well established
and important gold area with several producing mines
at Kirkland Lake, five miles from Swastika, and other
areas near Larder Lake. In the latter there is one produc-
ing mine and others on which very encouraging development
work has been done. The geological belt in which these
mineralized rocks occur extends from Larder Lake
eastward across into Quebec and includes the Fortune
Lake and Rouyn gold fields that are now attracting so
much attention.

In the construction of this branch maximum grades
of one and one-half per cent compensated for curvature and

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

maximum curves of twelve degrees, are used. The country
through which it is being built is the rugged pre-Cambrian
country typical of the height of land where there is no
general covering of clay as in the clay belt. Total grading
quantities average about 12,000 yards per mile, about

thirty per cent of which is solid rock. There are no
structures of importance, the largest being small plate
girders designed for Cooper's E50 loading. The general
contractor is the Sinclair Construction Company,
Toronto.

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Fig. No. 12. Profile of the Abitibi River from Abitibi Lake to Moose Factory, showing proposed Power Developments.

A Method of Calculating a Fair Rate for the Transportation

of Western Coal

Discussion on the paper presented by M. J. Butler, C.M.G., M.E.I.C., before the Toronto Branch of
The Engineering Institute of Canada, November 7th, 1923

Professor W. M. Treadgold

University of Toronto
There are one or two points in connection with the
proposed operation of heavy solid trains for the transport-
ation of western coal that Mr. Butler did not allow for
in his paper. The rated tractive power of the Mallet
locomotive he suggests using is 101,250 pounds, but the
available tractive power would not be much more than
65 per cent of this. There are several factors that would
tend to reduce the tractive power exerted by the loco-
motive and which must be taken into consideration.

(1) Losses in transmitting steam from boiler to
cylinder and in mechanical action of the engine.

(2) Engine resistance on grade.

(3) Locomotives are usually designed to exert their
full tractive power at speeds less than 15 m.p.h.,
and at 15 m.p.h., the engine would not exert
more than 75 per cent maximum cylinder tractive
power.

(4) Average operation must be taken into account
which means operation in winter as well as
summer or in all kinds of weather. This country
is subject to extremes in climate and it is well
known that any locomotive cannot develop the
same power in cold weather as under ideal sum-
mer conditions.

Hence when all these factors are taken into consideration
a liberal estimate on the rated capacity of the engine
would be 65 per cent of the rated tractive power and one
would have to figure on 65 /100 X 101,250 or 66,000 pounds.
Again, in the operation of trains over this mileage it is
unlikely that the train resistance would be as small as
16 pounds per ton. While in the west the ruling grade,
(compensated), is 0.4 per cent, it is doubtful whether
over the divisions in Ontario there would be less than
0.6 per cent grades and they may not be compensated
for curvature. Also resistance in winter time is higher
than in the summer. Allowing 6 pounds per ton as the

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

average friction resistance and 12 pounds per ton for
grade resistance one would allow the total train resistance
as 18 pounds per ton.

Hence based on a maximum tractive power for rating
at 66,000 pounds for a 2-8-8-2 Mallet locomotive and a
train resistance of 18 pounds per ton you have the follow-
ing:

Available tractive power for

rating = 66,000 pounds

Train resistance = 18 pounds per ton

Gross load per train = ^22 = 3,667 tons

Gross weight of 75-ton car

loaded = 107.5 tons

No. of cars per train = 34

Tonnage of coal per train = 34 X 75 = 2,550 tons.

Based on the assumption that it would be fair to figure
on the average train mile earnings which at the present
time are about $5.00 and on a distance of 2,200 miles to
Toronto — or 4,400 train miles, the average price or cost
of transportation would be around $8.60 per ton.

If one were figuring on Mikado engines and 50- ton
car equipment.taking into account the same considerations
as outlined above, the cost would be in the neighbourhood
of $14.00 per ton.

\ I Hence it would seem that the cost would be much
more than that estimated by Mr. Butler without taking
into account the tremendous outlay for special equipment
necessary, and the capital outlay necessary to put the
roadbed, bridges and terminals in physical condition, not
to speak 'of grade revision, to take care of such heavy
equipment.

Professor W. T. Jackman
University of Toronto

It : is impossible for me to agree with the fundamenta
unit of train-mile cost upon which Mr. Butler has built up
his calculation of $5.75 rate on coal from Alberta to
Toronto. The train-mile cost is such an unreliable
element that it cannot be used with any degree of accuracy.
It is too much of a hybrid to yield any scientifically pure
results. It includes all trains in all directions, passenger,
freight, mixed, branch line, main line, revenue and non-
revenue, westbound empty trains as well as eastbound
loaded trains. Such a composite figure applied to the
movement of a single commodity in one direction could
not furnish any adequate guidance as to the rate to be
charged.

Moreover, the calculation which we have had placed
before us does not take into account the westbound move-
ment of empty cars, nor anything which should be charged
for the maintenance of the equipment and the property.
Nothing is added for terminal expenses nor for interest
on the capital tied up in the rolling stock. No provision
has been made for depreciation. Nothing in the way of
fixed charges has been brought into the account and yet
these constitute on the average ten to fifteen per cent
of the total outlay of the Canadian railways. When it is
remembered that, in 1922, for every loaded car moved
100 miles for the entire year's traffic an empty car was
moved 45 miles; that in this coal movement the empty
car movement would be practically 100 per cent of the
loaded movement and that the loaded car movement
should pay the high expense of the empty car movement;
with these considerations in mind, it is manifest that the
$5.75 rate per ton is very much too low. I should com-
mend the system of computing this cost as established
by the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Canadian
National Railways as very much more scientific, in fact,

as close as we can get to the actual cost of transportation,
and when the former reaches a figure of $9.95 and the
latter $9.03 we can see how wide a disparity there is
between the estimates of these two railways based upon
actual experience and the figure based upon train-mile
costs. A much more accurate basis of computation, and
to my mind the only proper basis, is the cost per loaded
car mile, and against the loaded car movement, i.e., the
revenue producing movement, there would have to be
assessed the costs of transporting the empty cars west-
ward.

Then, too, any theory based on starting a solid train
of any given number of cars from the mines in Alberta,
either at Lethbridge or Drumheller, to a destination in
round numbers 2,000 miles distant is one upon which
little reliance can be placed. Different gradients along
the line alter the engine power. Different classes of
engine power have to be assigned to different sections.
For instance, a Canadian Pacific 210 per cent engine
would haul 3,100 equivalent gross tons from Lethbridge
to Dunmore, but from Dunmore to Swift Current only
2,709 tons. A 155 per cent engine would haul 2,116 tons
from Moose Jaw to Broadview, but it would haul 2,685
tons from Brandon to Winnipeg, and from MacTier
(Muskoka) to Toronto only 2,000 tons.

Reference has been made in the discussion upon this
paper to the desirability of being freed from the coal
supply of the United States and in, order to be freed from
this economic dependence upon Pennsylvania anthracite,
it has been suggested in all seriousness that if it is neces-
sary, in order to secure this result, the National Railways
should be required to carry Alberta coal to eastern Canada
at less than cost. I should view with alarm any such
attempts to obtain the carriage of coal at less than cost,
for several reasons. In the first place, if the National
Railways put down the rate below cost, the Canadian
Pacific would have to follow suit and it is not difficult
to see that this would mean disaster to the private com-
pany. In the second place, we are endeavouring to
encourage the management of the National Railways to
make the lines under their control a paying system; but
nothing would more seriously undermine the initiative
and enthusiasm of the management in their efforts than
to be compelled to carry traffic at less than cost. In the
third place, if the Canadian National Railways had to
carry this coal to eastern Canada at less than cost, the
deficit would have to be made up from the Dominion
taxes and it would be injust to tax all parts of the country
in order to provide a less-than-cost service to one parti-
cular part of the country.

Reply to Discussion
M. J. Butler, C.M.G., M.E.I.C.

The late Matthias N. Forney, m.e., once said, in
discussing the frame of mind railway men usually show
towards anything new, "We make for ourselves little
puddles of prejudice and then we wallow in them".

I very much regret that I was unable to remain for
the discussion on November 8th. Since that date I have
travelled on the National Railways some 2,600 miles,
and have so far as possible, noted how things seemed to
be moving. All of the railway yards have been growing
in size with the consequent opportunity of stowing away
cars, great numbers of steel coal cars, refrigerators and
foreign cars from nearly every railway in the United
States. I particularly noted, Sydney, Truro, St. Lam-
bert, Turcotte, Mimico, York, and Belleville. I would not

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

care to estimate the number lying idle and so I expect
it goes from one end of the system to the other.

In my opinion here is to be found the explanation
of the poor showing of average mileage per car, in like
manner in loading cars, the average load per car is the
combination of lightly loaded cars, such as fruit, eggs,
butter, meats, etc., as against heavy loads of stone,
coal, etc. It has been said, "Figures are facts and facts
can't lie," but mistakes may be easily made and figures
may be manipulated to prove almost anything.

The attempt to meet the possibilities of what may
be done, with a goodwill, a special equipment for the
special business, by quoting so called statistics as to
what is being done with an entirely different class of
equipment and on the similar kind of movement is
misleading and valueless.

Statistics relying on averages are notoriously danger-
ous and apt to mislead Mr. Henry's claim that the average
on the National Railways train load is only 1,170 tons
and that the Canadian Pacific is only 1,285 tons per
train. So as to other railways he likewise shows a low
average train load. It is quite possible that taking the
entire business loaded and empties, etc., — he is quite
right — but where the business warrants solid through
trains loaded to capacity such train loads would be
absurd. Take for instance the heavy trains moving the
wheat crop from the west to Fort William, unless I am
misinformed, the National and Canadian Pacific railways
grain trains are about 4,000 tons. C. H. Mix, vice-
president of the Virginian Railway in a letter states that
the average train of coal on his railway is 8,500 tons.
The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway also, as well as the
Norfolk and Western, the Illinois Central and certain
branch lines of the Santa Fe Railway, are hauling coal
trains with from 5,000 to 10,000 tons per train. As all
these cars, on the return journey are empties, the statistical
average will be one half the actual loading. The standing
idle, the empty movement, etc., are responsible for the
misleading statistics as to car mileage and car loading.

With regard to a remark of Mr. Henry's as to the
irregularity in ruling grades of certain divisions on the
National Railways, i.e., I assume that the ruling grade
does not vary, I regret I have no longer available the
profile of the Grand Trunk Pacific and of the Transcon-
tinental. I do know that the specification for both roads
required that the maximum grade eastbound should not
exceed 4/10 of 1 per cent — westbound 6/10 of 1 percent.

The Canadian Northern contract with the govern-
ment required the same grades. What effect velocity
would have on such lines would require special study,
the practical effect or virtual profile should approximate
very closely to a level line. If there are any divisions
where the above standard of construction has been
deviated from it is high time the people of Canada should
learn where it is and under what conditions the degradation
of line took place. Under the terms of the contract and
specifications under which the railways were constructed
every division should be able to convey the same heavy
train load.

The necessity for heavier rails, heavier bridges, longer
turntables and longer roundhouses, etc., these are the
usual concomitants of an improved railway and are

gradually carried on as the business increases. All, of
course, costs money and lots of it, but think of the National
waste going on in sending out of Canada every year the
huge sums to pay our fuel bills, estimated by competent
authority at $300,000,000 per annum.

In taking an average speed of train of 15 miles per
hour, I am following the advice of Sir George Bury, one
of the ablest transportation men we have had in Canada.
The American Engineer, April 1904, quoted Mr. (now Sir)
George J. Bury, then general superintendent of the
Canadian Pacific Railway as saying, "If freight trains
average 15 miles an hour train and engine-drivers can make
5,000 miles per month while if the average be reduced to
8 miles per hour, the men cannot stand more than 3,000
miles per month. Sixty crews at 15 miles an hour will
make 300,000 train miles per month while at an average
of 8 miles it will take 40 more crews of 200 extra men
to handle the business".

Also see page 170,- "The Cost of Locomotive Opera-
tion," by Geo. R. Henderson, m.e., 1906, "The most
important point to notice is that at 15 miles an hour
running time (12.5 av.) we are able to produce the greatest
amount of transportation per engine in service and this
is also the schedule for minimum cost under the conditions
that have been assumed, therefore if we run 15 miles per
hour we not only do the work cheapest but get the most
done".

Professor Jackman, of the University of Toronto, is
undoubtedly an able man in his specialty. When he gives
out an estimate of what, in his opinion, would be a fair
and reasonable rate for the National and C. P. Ry., to
charge for haulage of coal from Alberta to Toronto, it
would have been more convincing if supported by the
data on which he relied, and the detail of his calculation.
If a railway makes an average earning of five dollars per
train mile, on all classes of its business, it seems to me
that, if such earning yields a profit — the conclusion must
follow, that a profit will follow, by maintaining such an
average earning.

The traffic returns show the origin of railway
business to be about as follows: —

Per Cent

Cents

per 100 lbs, for an

average haul of 450 miles

Manufacture and Miscellaneous

Products of Animals

" Agriculture

07^

" " Forest

" Mine

08H

The tonnage, mileage, etc., of the various items are
available and it is an interesting problem to figure out the
resulting gross earnings.

I must confess I am disappointed at not hearing from
experts in the railway world, men with operating
experience.

I would very much like to see an explanation of the
special tariffs in force on the Canadian Pacific Railway
from Vancouver to Montreal, New York, etc., for certain
rather valuable products, such as tea, Japanese and
Chinese products which do not net the railway one-half
the rate per train mile I suggest for coal.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Institute Committees for 1923

FINANCE

F. P. Shearwood, Chairman
Sir Alex. Bertram
George E. Bell
Chas. M. McKergow
P. L. Pratley

LIBRARY AND HOUSE
J. A. Duchastel, Chairman
J. Colin Kemp
John T. Farmer
Geo. R. MacLeod
J. A. Lalonde

LEGISLATION AND BY-LAWS
Walter J. Francis, Chairman
Arthur Surveyer
J. M. Robertson

PAPERS

Chas. M. McKergow, Chairman
K. L. Dawson

D. W. J. Brown
W. J. Johnston
M. J. Murphy
Hector Cimon
H. B. Pelletier

E. A. Ryan

F. C. C. Lynch
<A. C. Flitton
\. Jackson

J. A. Knight
W. F. McLaren

E. A. Gray

R. W. Downie
I. Clark Keith

C. H. E. Rounthwaite
Geo. P. Brophy

P. Burke-Gaffney

D. A. R. McCannel
Geo. S. Brown

W. R. Mount
J. A. Spreckley
P. H. Buchan
Hugh Peters

GZOWSKI MEDAL AND
STUDENTS' PRIZE

Frederick B. Brown, Chairman

C. R. Young
J. B. Challies
R. DeL. French
Arthur R. Roberts

STEAM BOILERS

L. M. Arkley, Chairman
W. G. Chace

F. G. Clark
R. J. Durley

D. W. Robb

H. H. Vaughan

PUBLICATIONS

Frederick B. Brown, Chairman
C. R. Young
J. B. Challies
R. DeL. French
Arthur L. Roberts

LEONARD MEDAL

A. Stansfield, Chairman
Geo. D. Macdougall
Charles Camsell
John F. Robertson
J. Colin Kemp

PLUMMER^MEDAL

A. Stansfield, Chairman
Geo. D. Macdougall
Charles Camsell
John F. Robertson
J. Colin Kemp

BOARD OF EXAMINERS AND
EDUCATION

H. M. MacKay, Chairman

Arthur Surveyer

Ernest Brown

J. M. Robertson

R. DeL. French

A. R. Roberts

J. M. R. Fairbairn

J. T. Lafreniere

CANADIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE
OF THE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRO-
TECHNICAL COMMISSION

Louis A. Herdt, Chairman

H. A. Dupre, Secretary

L. W. Gill

O. Higman

J. Kynoch

T. R. Rosebrugh

John Murphy

A. B. Lambe

INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION

H. H. Vaughan, Chairman
J. M. R. Fairbairn
John Murphy
H. R. Safford

CANADIAN ENGINEERING
STANDARDS

C. J. Mackenzie (three years)
Sir Alex. Bertram (two years)
Walter J. Francis (one year)

HONOUR ROLL AND
WAR TROPHIES

Brig. -Gen. C. J. Armstrong, Chairman

A. E. Dubuc

Sir Alex. Bertram

Fraser S. Keith

CONCRETE DETERIORATION
IN ALKALI SOILS

C. J. Mackenzie, Chairman

W. P. Brereton

J. C. Holden

J. N. Finlayson

J. G. Sullivan

H. Mel. Weir

E. A. Markham
J. R. C. Macredie
G. M. Williams
Alex. Dawson
Geo. W. Craig

R. S. Stockton
A. W. Haddow
J. W. Shipley

F. C. Field
J. A. Kelso

CLASSIFICATION AND
REMUNERATION

A. H. Harkness, Chairman

E. R. Gray
Frederick B. Brown
A. R. Decary

J. B. Challies

F. P. Shearwood

STUDENTS' ACTIVITIES

Geo. R. MacLeod, Chairman
T. R Loudon
R. W. Downie
A. M. Reid

CODE OF ETHICS

Frederick B. Brown, Chairman
F. P. Shearwood

BIOGRAPHIES

Peter Gillespie, Chairman

A. B. Lambe

Willis Chipman

J. S. Dennis

W. P. Anderson

C. E. W. Dodwell

M. J. Butler

A. R. Decary

J. G. Sullivan

H. K. Wicksteed

ENGINEERING EDUCATION

J. B. Challies, Chairman
Frank D. Adams
C. H. Mitchell

A. L. Clark

PUBLICITY

C. P. Edwards, Chairman
PAST PRESIDENTS' FUND

R. A. Ross

J. M. R. Fairbairn

J. G. Sullivan

FUEL

F. A. Combe, Chairman
Dr. C. V. Corless
Lesslie R. Thomson
Geo. C. Mackenzie
C. A. Magrath

F. L. Wanklyn
R. W. Angus

E. V. Moore

B. F. Haanel
A. R. Greig

R. S. L. Wilson

C. A. Robb
R. A. Ross
J. T. Farmer
M. J. Butler
A. D. LePan
James McEvoy

G. R. Pratt

F. W. Gray

D. H. McDougall
Geo. D. Macdougall
R. A. C. Henry

J. A. Shaw
J. R. Donald

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE JOURNAL OF

THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

OF CANADA

Board of Management

President

WALTER J. FRANCIS

Past Presidents

ROSS J. M. R. FAIRBAIRN

Vice-Presidents

ARTHUR: SURVEYER F. P. SHEARWOOD

Councillors
FREDERICK B. BROWN C. M. McKERGOW

R. A.

Editor and Manager

FRASER S. KEITH

Assistant Editor and Manager

N. E. D. SHEPPARD

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

. CLARK KEITH .

.Border Cities

ROBERT HOGG ....

Niagara Falls

W. ST. J. MILLER

.Calgary

F. C. C. LYNCH

Ottawa

D. W. J. BROWN .

Cape Breton

R. C. FLITTON

Peterborough

W. R. MOUNT . .

Edmonton

HECTOR CIMON ....

Quebec

K. L. DAWSON . .

Halifax

D. A. R. McCANNEL . .

Reglna

W. F. McLAREN .

Hamilton

H. B. PELLETIER ....

Saguenay

A. JACKSON . . .

Kingston

C. H. E. ROUNTHWAITE

Sault Ste. Marie

GEO. P. BROPHY .

Lakehead

W. J. JOHNSTON ....

St. John

C. M. ARNOLD . .

Lethbridge

L. W. WYNNE-ROBERTS Toronto

E. A. GRAY . . .

London

P. H. BUCHAN

Vancouver

M. J. MURPHY . .

Moncton

HUGH PETERS

Victoria

E. A. RYAN . . . .

Montreal

P. BURKE-GAFFNEY . .

Winnipeg

VOL. VII

January 1924

No. 1

Council'* Jfles&age to tfje Jfflember*

J?oto that eberp member of tEhe Unstitute in Canaba is a member of
some brand) it is felt that there toill be a quickening of interest in the
profession eben greater than heretofore, particularip bj> those formerlp not
associateb with branch affairs. TEhe general actibitp of t£he institute this
pear has been eminentlp satisfactory. 3n thanking the officers anb
members of all the branches tohose enthusiastic interest is one of the
greatest assets of the profession, the Council extenbs heartp greetings of
goobtoill anb sincere toisfjes for health anb prosperitp to eberp member.

Annual General and General Professional
Meeting

The annual meeting is called for Tuesday, January
twenty-second, for ten o'clock a.m., at the headquarters
of The Institute, to be adjourned immediately after the
appointment of scrutineers and auditors to the following
morning at the Chateau Laurier, Ottawa, where the
remainder of the business of the annual meeting will be
conducted, and a professional meeting held which should
attract members from all over Canada.

The Ottawa committees not only have their program-
me well arranged, but have concluded the details of most

of the plans for the social engagements. In addition to
the business of the first day, there will be two addresses,
one by President Walter J. Francis at the noon luncheon,
and the other by Doctor Charles Camsell, m.e.i.c,
Deputy Minister of Mines, on the Fuel Problem. D. W.
McLachlan, m.e.i.c, will be the principal speaker on the
morning of January twenty- fourth, when he will discuss
the St. Lawrence Waterways Problem. It is also anti-
cipated that there will be a short paper on the new light-
weight aeroplane by Lieut.-Col. E. W. Stedman, m.e.i.c,
and at the luncheon on the second day it is expected to
have a paper on the Centenary of the Rideau Canal, by
Mr. Hamnett P. Hill. While few in number the papers
are of outstanding importance and will attract consider-
able attention throughout the Dominion.

It is unnecessary to dilate on the social arrangements,
as all who have had experience in being entertained by
the Ottawa Branch know that as entertainers and hosts
they are unsurpassed, so that all planning to go may look
forward with confidence to a pleasant and profitable
session. It is anticipated that there will be an unusually
large gathering at this meeting, and all who can possibly
arrange to be there are strongly urged to plan to attend.

Programme

Wednesday — January 23rd.

Morning: 9.00 a.m. Registration.

10.00 a.m. Reports of Committees.
Reports of Branches.
Noon: Luncheon — Chateau Laurier. His Excellency
the Governor-General of Canada will be
present.
Address by President Francis.
Afternoon: Unfinished business.
Report of Scrutineers.
Inauguration of newly elected President.
Address by Doctor Charles Camsell, m.e.i.c,
Deputy Minister of Mines.
Evening: Banquet and Smoker.
Thursday — January 24th.

Morning: Professional Meeting.

The St. Lawrence Waterways Problem, by

D. W. McLachlan, m.e.i.c
The Baby Aeroplane, by Lieut.-Col. E. W.
Stedman, m.e.i.c
Noon: Luncheon.

The Centenary of the Rideau Canal. Bio-
graphv of Colonel Bye, the engineer.
Speaker: vlr. Hamnett P. Hill.
Afternoon: Visit to Deschenes.
Evening: Ball.

The Young Man in Engineering

Considerable discussion has arisen recently over the
prospects of the young man now studying engineering in
our various Canadian universities, and whether he would
not be devoting his time to better advantage by taking
some other course, in view of the crowded state of the
engineering profession, and of the low average salaries of
men engaged in engineering.

To get a proper perspective of the present situation
it is necessary to go back to the first decade of the present
century, when we find that there was an unprecedented
development in this country, demanding more engineers
than the few universities then giving engineering courses
could turn out.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Railroad building absorbed many young men without
engineering training who entered the engineering depart-
ments, many of these becoming qualified engineers.
During this period of general expansion it was natural
that there should be organized new schools and universities.
Every province west of the lakes created a provincial
university with an engineering department, all turning out
engineering graduates. The first year of the second
decade of this century saw a lull in expansion, the activity
gradually decreasing until the War, when practically the
only engineering work was that of munition making and
which absorbed the technical men who were not overseas.

During that decade, however, there was added to the
list of engineers in this country, a group of graduates from
all over Canada much greater than the actual engineering
requirements of the period.

During the past two years we have had what might
be considered normal development, but yet during those
years the country could not absorb as engineers the men
being turned out from our engineering colleges.

The enrollment of the various engineering schools
in Canada at the beginning of December of this year
is as follows: —

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Post J°J?|

University Year Year Year Year Year Grad. Nation

Toronto 124 126 128 162 .. .. 560

Queen's 71 52 46 69 6 244

N.S. Technical

College 23 24 .. .. 47

Dalhousie First two years only. 60

Acadia 13 11 24

New Brunswick ... 17 14 9 18 . . . . 58

Manitoba 44 49 25 35 .. .. 153

Saskatchewan 29 14 18 9 70

Alberta 25 31 8 10 9 8 91

British Columbia.. 78 39 40 43 7 207

McGill 122 98 100 125 .. .. 445

University of

Montreal (Approximately) 30 .. .. 122

546 (including 2081

postgrads.)

The engineering training being given at our Canadian
universities is the finest technical education that any man
could receive. Due to its practical nature and its relation
to the every day affairs of life it possesses attributes
that go to make it a fitting education and a desirable
one for any and every walk in life. The four years taken
to make a man a B.Sc, do not make him an engineer, and
therein lies the fallacy or failing of the present situation.
We are training thousands of our finest young manhood,
giving them as excellent an education as they could receive
and inspiring in them the belief that they are engineers,
when they merely have the foundation. The result is
bitter disappointment to many who have set their hearts
and minds on following an engineering career. Were we
instead to train the young men to believe that the educa-
tion they are receiving is not only the foundation of an
engineering career, but that it is also the foundation —
and an excellent one — for trade and commerce, for
manufacturing, for finance, and, in general, for fitting a
man to rise to a position of responsibility in any walk
of life, we would have the technically trained man
dominating many spheres of human activity and therein
realizing his destiny in fuller fruition.

To-day, more than ever before, men with engineering
training are needed. We need engineering training to
offset visionary theorists, the ranting democrat, and the
agitator. We need engineering training in business
because after all the problem of business is to make the
greatest use of the two factors, human work and stored up

human work. Work being the energy of living people,
and capital the stored-up energy of dead people, the
problem is to manage these two forces of energy in a way
to produce the most human welfare. Engineering train-
ing is needed in political life, and to a greater extent than
even the average engineer realizes. Engineering is needed
in teaching, for instead of dealing with theories of educa-
tion the engineer would take the child as he is and try
to make something out of him. The business world,
every phase of it, dealing not only with industry, but
finance and commerce, the political arena, the school
room, and even the pulpit would all be the better if they
had the benefit of the technical training our young men
are now receiving.

Let us realize then that the young man to-day who
is getting the benefit of the teaching of our engineering
schools — a magnificent education — from institutions
well equipped, with professors unrivalled in the world,
and with the matriculation entrance of a high order, is
on graduation endowed with an inheritance that should
enable him to compete successfully in every walk of life.
Let us realize further that on graduation from an engineer-
ing school the graduate is not an engineer, but has a
magnificent foundation upon which to enter the profession,
remembering that that same foundation may be used to
even greater advantage by entering some sphere of
activity other than the engineering profession itself. It
should be forcibly impressed upon the graduating classes
of our engineering schools that they are not engineers,
and that they need not necessarily follow engineering to
make the most of their engineering training.

It is not intended to suggest here what change should
be made in the present training or what addition should
be made to better qualify men to be engineers. The
columns of The Journal are open for discussion, on this
important matter, and it is anticipated that many mem-
bers who are interested will take advantage and write
and give their fellow members the benefit of their views.

The Work of the Institute's Fuel Committee

Only when the fuel problem of Canada shall have
been permanently solved can the engineers of this country
feel that they no longer have any concern with it. So
long as the Dominion's policy on fuel is one of temporary
expediency just so long must the engineers interest them-
selves in all those measures suggested to ameliorate in a
permanent way the fuel conditions in Canada. The
Council of The Institute, recognizing clearly this moral
obligation on the part of their professional brethren,
took upon themselves as a preliminary step the formation
last spring of a Fuel Committee, the personnel of which
appears on another page. This action was taken with
the expectation that a report from such a committee
would make possible a united pronouncement on the
national fuel problem by the engineers. The obvious
duty of such a committee appeared to be to collect and
digest the various opinions of all their own members,
and when so digested to attempt to draw up a composite
opinion or symposium, that might be regarded as the
attitude of the united mind of the profession toward a
solution of this national problem.

F. A. Combe, m.e.i.c, the chairman, and the other
members resident in Montreal set to work immediately
and during the summer collected a large amount of valua-
ble material for the committee. It is inevitable we
suppose that much of the routine committee work of
The Institute is done in a quiet and private atmosphere,

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

and one of the problems that engineers as a class must
face, is the relation of a thoughtful publicity for this
unostentatious work in order that the public may come
to a just appreciation of the accomplishments of our
members. As a result, however, of the work dbne to
date, the local members of the general committee have
just sent out a specially prepared digest on the coal
situation in Canada, in order that their views on this
matter may be submitted to the criticisms of the far west-
ern and eastern members of the committee. It is proposed
that after this digest has been thrashed out by corres-

pondence a meeting of representatives of the committee
will be held in Montreal in order to formulate a policy
which if approved by the Council will become the definite
expression of opinion of the professional engineers of
Canada on this critical question. The work now being
done by the members of this important committee is
but further evidence of the willingness and ability of the
members of this Institute to serve in a quiet and unobtru-
sive way the broad interests of the Canadian people.

Contributed by Leslie R. Thomson, M.E.I.C.

First World Power Conference

The first meeting of the General Committee discusses plans made for Canadian participation,
the programme approved assuring that Canada will be well represented.

Reference was made in the October Journal to the
First World Power Conference to be held in London in
July nineteen twenty-four, and information given as to
the steps taken up to that time in order that Canadian
participation in this conference might be well arranged.
In order that the work of the Canadian and British com-
mittees might be more closely co-ordinated, J. B. Challies,
m.e.i.c, who was chairman of the committee which was
responsible for the preliminary work, took a trip to
London with very satisfactory results.

The first meeting of the general committee was held
at Ottawa on December 6th, at the invitation of the
Minister of the Interior, the Honourable Charles Stewart,
to' advise regarding Canadian participation in the World
Power Conference.

Address by the Minister

Following a luncheon in the Chateau Laurier, Hon.
Charles Stewart, Minister of the Interior, addressed the
gathering and stressed the importance of Canada being
adequately represented at the World Power Conference.
He declared his belief that the serious condition of affairs
in Europe at present was but temporary and that Canada
would again find herself facing keen competition from
countries which could produce more cheaply because of
lower standards of living. Power was going to play a
tremendous part in cheap production and the develop-
ment of power in Canada was one of the factors which
would enable this country to compete successfully.

The Minister referred to the great water power
resources of sections of the Dominion and said that in
those parts where fuel was found water powers were
lacking, while in other parts the conditions were reversed.
He hope that the participation of this country in the
World Power Conference would attract British capital to
Canada. Capital, heretofore, had been largely secured
from the United States. He stated that technical men
would welcome the opportunity to visit the conference
and learn about the features of power development in
other parts of the world.

He stressed the fact that the function of the depart-
ment which he administers was not to interfere with
provincial prerogative in power development but to
render appropriate and agreeable assistance to any power
project which will add to the material prosperity of the
Dominion.

At the request of the Minister, the Director of Water
Power of his department sketched the steps which had
led up to the calling of the World Power Conference,
stating that the idea had originated in England in the
year following the declaration of war, when it was realized
that power was the basis of all production. The original
intention had been to have a British Empire conference
on water power but finally the British Electrical and Allied

Manufacturers Association evolved the idea of a world
conference to take place at the time of the British Empire
Exhibition, and to comprehend both carbo and hydro
power.

Address by Mr. Challies

VIr. Challies explained the preliminary steps which
had been taken towards securing Canadian participation.
A provincial committee was constituted early in the
spring, comprising members of sufficient Dominion,
provincial and corporate organizations to make it
geographically representative of the whole Dominion.
Two meetings were held, one in Ottawa in February
1923, and one in Montreal in May 1923, at which it
was unanimously decided to participate in the conference.
Arrangements were accordingly made for the preparation
of five papers on the following subjects: — General
National Review of Power Situation in Canada, by
J. B. Challies, m.e.i.c; Hydro Power Production, by
H. G. Acres, m.e.i.c; Power Transmission and Distribu-
tion, by Julian C. Smith, m.e.i.c; Utilization of Power,
by P. T. Davies; Carbo-Power Production, by B. F.
Haanel, m.e.i.c Each of those charged with the prepara-
tion of papers was to secure the collaboration of any
who could render assistance in the proper presentation
of the subjects.

In order to clear up certain misunderstandings as
between the British committee and the various national
committees regarding the scope of the conference and
arrangements for its management, an international
conference was called to meet in London and Paris in
August. These meetings he attended as representing the
Canadian committee. O. C. Merrill, executive engineer-
ing secretary of the Federal Power Commission at
Washington represented the United States committee.
As a result of the discussions in London and Paris, a
standard method of presentation for the various par-
ticipating countries to conform to was agreed upon.
This has been since broadcasted by the British committee.
Arrangements were also perfected for the setting up of
an international committee to control and supervise the
proceedings of the conference itself. Arrangements were
initiated for three visitations after the conference in
London: one to important steam producing plants, larger
engineering works and coal areas of Great Britain; a
second to the Scandinavian countries, Norway and
Sweden; and a third to important hydro-electric points
of interest in southern France, Switzerland and Italy.
These three visitations will conclude with a two-day
conference, under the aegis of the French National Com-
mittee at Paris.

When Mr. Challies was in London, tentative arrange-
ments were also made for a Dominion luncheon at which
all the delegates from the various participating countries

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

would be present, the High Commissioner for Canada
being in the chair. Through the courtesy of the Canadian
Exhibition Commissioner a formal evening reception will
be held in the Canadian Pavilion at the British Empire
Exhibition, to which foreign delegates and those interested
in the World Power Conference, as well as officialdom
generally, will be invited by the High Commissioner for
Canada.

Tentative arrangements were also made with the
Commissioner General for Canada in Paris, Mr. Roy,
for a Canadian reception to members of the French
National Committee; delegates and officialdom generally,
in the L'Union Internationale at Paris.

Mr. Challies stated that the original committee now
felt that the purposes for which it had been formed had
been accomplished and that the Canadian committee
should be re-constituted and enlarged to be widely
representative of the power interests throughout the
Dominion and that the enlarged committee should meet
and pass upon the work already done and decide on what
further participation Canada should take in the conference,
and appoint a permanent management committee to carry
out its recommendations. The present meeting of the
enlarged committee was the result.

Management Committee
As chairman of the original committee, Mr. Challies
moved that the permanent management committee consist
of the following: —

Chairman: Charles Camsell, B.Sc, ll.d., f.r.s.c,
m.e.i.c, deputy minister, Deprtment of Mines,
Ottawa.
Vice-Chairman: H. G. Acres, B.A.Sc, m.e.i.c, M.Am.
Soc.c.e., chief hydraulic engineer, Hydro-Electric
Power Commission of Ontario, Niagara Falls, Ont.
Arthur Amos, b.a.Sc, c.e., a.m.e.i.c, director
of the hydraulic service, member of the Quebec
Streams Commission, Parliament Buildings,
Quebec.

John Murphy, B.A., m.e.i.c, f.a.i.e.e., consulting
electrical engineer, Department of Railways and
Canals; and Dominion Railway Commission,
Ottawa, Ont.

Arthur Surveyer, b.a., b.a.Sc, c.e., m.e.i.c,
consulting engineer, Drummond Building, Mont-
real, P.Q.
General-Secretary: J. B. Challies, C.E., m.e.i.c, M.Am.
Soc.c.e., director Dominion Water Power Branch
and Dominion Reclamation Service, Department
of the Interior, Ottawa, Ont.
Members: A. A. Dion, m.e.i.c, f.a.i.e.e., general
manager, Ottawa Electric Company and Ottawa
Gas Company, Ottawa, Ont.

R. J. Durley, Ma.E.,M.Inst.CE., M.E.I. CM.Am.Soc.
M.E., secretary Canadian Engineering Stand-
ards Association, Ottawa, Ont.
J. G. Glassco, B.Sc, m.Sc, m.e.i.c, a.a.i.e.e.,
manager City of Winnipeg Hydro-Electric Sys-
tem, Winnipeg, Man.

F. R. Glover, chief executive assistant, British
Columbia Electric Railway Company, Vancou-
ver, B.C.

A. Monro Grier, k.c, president, Canadian
Niagara Power Company, Ltd., Toronto, Ont.

B. F. Haanel, B.Sc, m.e.i.c, chief engineer,
Division of Fuel and Fuel Testing, Department
of Mines, Ottawa, Ont.

O. Higman, m.e.i.c, director, Electricity and
Gas Inspection Branch, Department of Trade
and Commerce, Ottawa, Ont.
Fraser S. Keith, B.Sc, m.e.i.c, secretary, The

Engineering Institute of Canada, Montreal, P.Q.
O. O. Lefebvre, b.a.Sc, m.e.i.c, chief engineer,
Quebec Streams Commission, Montreal, P.Q.
Brig.-Gen. C. H. Mitchell, C.B., C.M.G., c.e.,
ll.d., m.e.i.c, M.Am.Soc.c.E., dean, Faculty of
Applied Science and Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Julian C. Smith, ll.d., m.e., m.e.i.c, M.Am.Soc
c.e., f.a.i.e.e., vice-president and general man-
ager, Shawinigan Water and Power Co.;
President, Quebec Power Company, Montreal,
P.Q.

P. T. Davis, president, Canadian Electrical Asso-
ciation, Montreal, Que.

K. H. Smith, b. a. Sc, m.e.i.c, representing
Nova Scotia Power Commission; and New
Brunswick Electric Power Commission, Halifax,
N. S.

Geo. C. Mackenzie, m.e.i.c, secretary, Canadian

Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Montreal,

Que.

Mr. Glover of Vancouver, in seconding the motion,

spoke briefly regarding the importance of the World

Power Conference and the desirability of Canada being

properly represented.

Discussion

Dr. Camsell, the chairman of the Management Com-
mittee, took the chair at 2.30 p.m., and requested the
fullest co-operation of those present in carrying on the
business of the meeting. He was glad to know that the
government was in full accord with Canadian participa-
tion in the World Power Conference and judged that the
conference was of great interest to others than those
exclusively connected with the government by reason of
the number who had come great distances to attend.
He stressed the importance of world conferences based
on his experience of the Geological Congress, both to the
individual and the country represented. Careful and
complete organization was necessary if Canada was to
reap the full benefits of participation in this conference.
He stated that conditions in Europe are ripe for us to
take advantage of at the present time and the conference
would provide an opportunity of advertising our country
and attracting both capital and people.

The question of papers was then dealt with at some
length, the major portion of the balance of the conference
being devoted to this subject.

It was resolved to endeavour to secure additional
funds in addition to the amount granted by the federal
government.

At the close of the meeting a hearty vote of thanks
and appreciation was tendered the Minister of the Interior
for the opportunity afforded to the members of the com-
mittee to be present at the meeting.

At a meeting of the Management Committee held
immediately after, it was decided that Division I of the
classified programme — National Review of Power Re-
sources — could best be covered in one paper with the
author securing the co-operation of the proper authorities
in each province with regard to the presentation of the
outstanding features of the power situation peculiar to
those provinces.

It was decided that Division II — "Power Production"
— should be divided into three separate papers.

Section B — Water Power Production — by H. G.
Acres, m.e.i.c

Section C — Preparation of Fuels — by B. F. Haanel,

M.E.I.C

Section D, E, and F — Fuel Power Production — by
B. F. Haanel, m.e.i.c

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

It was decided that Division III — "Power Trans-
mission and Distribution" — be covered in one paper
to be prepared under the direction of Julian C. Smith,

M.E.I.C.

It was decided that Division IV — "Power Utiliza-
tion" — could best be covered by a series of individual
papers on the uses of power in certain specific Canadian
industries as already arranged by Mr. Davies.

It was decided that a paper on "Research, Standard-
ization and Education," be secured from R. J. Durley,

M.E.I.C.

I THIS MONTH'S CONTRIBUTORS i

R. S. Stockton,
M.E.I.C.

Irrigation Systems

The development of irrigation
is a matter of great interest to a
wide area in western Canada.
Irrigation stands for a great in-
crease in the wealth that can be
produced from lands which can be
served with water for irrigation
and which lie withint he region
of limited rainfall. A considerable
number of engineers in the west
are directly concerned with the
building and with the operation
and maintenance of irrigation
systems. An address on the en-
gineering feature of operation and
maintenance was given by Robert
S. Stockton, m.e.i.c, superintendent of operation and
maintenance for the Western Section Irrigation Project,
Canadian Pacific Railway, Department of Natural Re-
sources, before the Calgary Branch of The Institute on
February 12th, 1923.

Mr. Stockton was born on June 5th, 1872, in the
village of Oquawka, Illinois, which is on the banks of
the Mississippi river and which was, in early days, the
site of a Hudson Bay Company post. Mr. Stockton
received the degree E.M., at the Colorado School of
Mines in 1895 and was successively assistant, assistant
professor and professor of mathematics and surveying at
that institution until 1903.

In June 1903 Mr. Stockton received a temporary
appointment in the United States Reclamation Service
and soon after received an appointment as engineer from
the secretary of the Interior. While in this service a
reconnaissance survey and report was made on the
proposed White River Irrigation Project in Colorado.
In 1904 he had charge of the preliminary surveys and
made a report on the irrigation projects of the Crow
Reservation in Montana. This work was followed in
1905 by an appointment as project engineer in charge
of the construction of the Huntley Irrigation Project in
Montana. After completing the construction of this
project and operating it the first year Mr. Stockton was
transferred in 1908 to the Lower Yellowstone Irrigation
Project in Montana and North Dakota and was in
charge of the first two years operation on this project.
In 1907 Mr. Stockton had charge of the preliminary
surveys and reports on the Flathead Irrigation Project
in Montana.

In March 1911 Mr. Stockton resigned from the U.S.
Reclamation Service and came to Alberta and took charge
of the Western Section as superintendent ; of operation
and maintenance and still holds this position.

S. B. Clement,
M.E.I.C.

Mr. Stockton was elected a member of The Institute
on August 27th, 1918. He is also a member of the
Association of Professional Engineers of Alberta, the
American Society of Civil Engineers and the American
Association for the Advancement of Science.

Recent Developments of the Temiskaming
and Northern Ontario Railway.

The recent extension on the
Temiskaming and Northern On-
tario Railway, which involved the
construction of a section of seventy
miles in length extending north
from Cochrane, Ontario, is describ-
ed in the paper by S. B. Clement,
m.e.i.c, chief engineer of that
railway, presented before the
Toronto Branch of The Engineer-
ing Institute of Canada, on
November 29th, 1923.

Mr. Clement has introduced his
paper with an interesting discus-
sion on the history of the settle-
ment of the Northern Ontario
district and, in addition to the details of the problems
involved in the building of this extension, he has set
forth the advantages to be gained and the factors which
entered into and influenced the choice of the route.

Born at Stratford, Ontario, on May 29th, 1880,
Mr. Clement attended the St. Thomas and London
Collegiate Institutes and graduated from McGill Univer-
sity in civil engineering in 1901 with the degree of B.Sc.
The next year he spent at the same university as demon-
strator in civil engineering, receiving his degree of M.Sc,
in 1902 for research work in hydraulics. Mr. Clement
occupied various positions, during the following two years,
on the staff of the Canadian Niagara Power Company,
Niagara Falls, becoming resident engineer of the Guelph
and Goderich Railway in August 1904, which position he
held until July of the next year. At that time he took
charge of a party on hydraulic and railway surveys for
the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway for two
months. Mr. Clement was assistant engineer with the
Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario for one
year previous to his appointment as assistant chief
engineer of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario
Railway in 1906. The appointment to his present
position as chief engineer of the latter company was
April 1919.

The Use of Aeroplane in Surveying
and Engineering

The use of the aeroplane in
engineering work is only commenc-
ing to be appreciated and even at
this stage the saving in time and
labour, on certain classes of work,
is readily apparent to even the
casual observer. Aerial photogra-
phy has many applications and
in his paper entitled, "The Use
of the Aeroplane in Surveying and
Engineering", Ellwood Wilson,
b.a., B.Sc, m.e.i.c, managing
director, Fairchild Aerial Surveys
Company (of Canada), Limited,
and manager of Forestry Division
Laurentide Company, Limited,
has reviewed a number of its
uses and has given at length some very enlightening
information on its particular use in forest surveys.

Ellwood Wilson,
B.A. and B.Sc, M.E.I.C.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Mr. Wilson was born in Philadelphia, Pa., February
16th, 1872, and received the degrees of B.A., and b.Sc,
in chemistry, and certificates in civil engineering subjects
from the University of the South, Sewanee, Term., in
August 1893, later taking up postgraduate work at the
University of Pennsylvania, from September 1894 to
March 1896, spending the next seven months studying
in Germany. He had charge of the construction of a
plant for Walker-Gordon Laboratory Company, Limited,
of London, England, and was manager for the company
from 1897 to January 1900. In May 1901 Mr. Wilson
entered private practice as civil engineer and surveyor
at Saranac Lake, New York, holding the position of
village engineer part of the time. In January 1905 he
entered the employ of the Union Bag and Paper Company,
Limited, and Laurentide Company, Limited, mapping
timber limits, being on this work for two years. Since
January 1907 Mr. Wilson has been manager, of the
Forestry Division, Laurentide Company, Limited, Grand'
Mere, Quebec, mapping and estimating timber limits, in
charge of lands, reforestation, drainage, road building,
etc. In this capacity he had charge of building the Grand'
Mere-Three Rivers highway and other work. In July
1922, he also became managing director, of Fairchild
Aerial Surveys Company (of Canada), Limited, the work
with this company including aerial photographic mapping
timber estimating, and surveying.

>^» I ■■■ ■■ m ■ ■ n — i i ■■■-■■ — «■■ -n ■■ ■■ ■■ icj f

I OBITUARIES

Lord Shaughnessy, K.C.V.O., Hon.M.E.i.c.

Canada's most distinguished citizen, Lord Shaugh-
nessy, of Montreal, Canada, and of Ashford County,
Limerick, Ireland, died at his home in Montreal, on
Monday, December tenth, after an illness of only twenty-
four hours, leaving a record of achievement behind him
that has few parallels in industrial history. His fine
courage, imagination, keen discernment and honourable
purpose, blended with remarkable ability, made him
great in purpose and successful in achievement.

No man ever had a higher conception of the responsib-
ilities of his position than Lord Shaughnessy and few men
ever discharged such great responsibilities with so little
friction. To grasp the lever of a thousand phases of work
with firmness and confidence, to guide the destinies of the
greatest transportation system in the world, required long,
practical and thorough experience, executive ability of a
very high order, discrimination and tact in selecting and
dealing with men.

That Lord Shaughnessy possessed these qualities no
one who knew him will dispute. A tireless worker, he
was throughout his life a man of indomitable energy,
endowed with strong commonsense and natural faculties
of a very high order, chief among these a prodigious
memory, responsive to the needs of the moment — a
surprise and sometimes a consternation to those who
witnessed its operation.

In 1882 Thomas Shaughnessy was selected by
President Van Home for the position of general purchasing
agent. He was then under thirty years of age. In his
thirty-first year he was appointed to the position of
assistant general manager of the road, which he held
until 1889, being then appointed assistant to the president.
So valuable did he make himself in that capacity that in
June 1891 he was elected director of the company and
made vice-president. Finally, on June 12th, 1898, when
Sir William Van Home retired, Mr. Shaughnessy became
president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and two years

later became also chairman of the board of directors,
which latter office he held to the time of his death, being
succeeded in the presidency on October 10th, 1918, by
President E. W. Beatty.

In addition he was a director of a number of other
companies including the Bank of Montreal and the
Royal Trust Company.

For his services to Canada and the Empire, he receiv-
ed the honour of knighthood (Knight Bachelor) from
King Edward in 1901.

In 1907 Sir Thomas Shaughnessy was accorded the
further distinction of Knight Commander of the Royal
Victorian Order.

Finally, on New Year's Day, 1916, came the crown-
ing honour of his life, when he was elevated to the peerage
as a Baron of the United Kingdom by King George.
He chose the title of Lord Shaughnessy, of Montreal,
Canada, and Ashford County, Limerick, Ireland, and
took his seat in the House of Lords on November 23rd,
1916.

LORD SHAUGHNESSY, K.C.V.O., Hon.M.E.I.C.

He became a member of the Order of the Sacred
Treasure of Japan in 1901, and a Knight of Grace of
St. John of Jerusalem in 1910.

Lord Shaughnessy was one of the outstanding figures
in the world war. His advice was frequently asked and
followed by the Canadian and Imperial governments.
Upon the outbreak of hostilities he placed the whole
resources of the Canadian people, ships and shops, at the
disposal of the Allies, while he himself threw whole-
heartedly into the work of recruiting in Montreal. His
two sons, his heir and his second boy, A. T. Shaughnessy,
went to the front and the latter was killed in France.

Lord Shaughnessy lived a quiet and unobstructive
life in his handsome residence on Dorchester Street West.
There he sometimes handled the cue on his well appointed
billiard table and relaxed so far as to take a hand at
bridge. He found in reading his only other recreation.
The few holidays he took he loved to spend at "Fort
Tipperary", his beautiful summer home at St. Andrew's-
by-the-Sea, N.B.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Lord Shaughnessy was elected an Honorary Member
of The Institute November 27th, 1917. He was a member
of the Mount Royal Club, the St. James' Club, the
Montreal Jockey Club, the Winter Club, the Forest, and
Stream Club, the Royal Montreal Golf Club, the Montreal
Hunt Club; the Toronto Club, Toronto; the Rideau Club,
Ottawa; the Union Club, Victoria, B.C.; the Vancouver
Club, Vancouver, B.C.; the Garrison Club, Quebec, and
the Manitou Club, Winnipeg.

Lady Shaughnessy came to Montreal with her
husband' from Milwaukee, where they were married in
1880. Before her marriage she was Miss Elizabeth Nagle.
There are also surviving three daughters and one son,
namely, the Hon. Mrs. H. Wyndham Beauclerk, the Hon.
Mrs. Rene Redmond, the Hon. Marguerite Shaughnessy
and the Hon. W. J. Shaughnessy, who is the heir to the
barony. Another son, Captain the Hon. A. T. Shaugh-
nessy, was killed in action in France, while serving with
the 60th Battalion, in 1916.

Archibald Olin Powell, M.E.I.C.

Colonel Archibald O. Powell, M.E.I.C, of the firm of
Powell and Jacobs, consulting engineers, Seattle, Washing-
ton, died suddenly at his home in that city, on November
18th, 1923.

Colonel Powell was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
on August 31st, 1859, and graduated from the College
of Engineering, University of Wisconsin in 1880, receiving
the degree of b.c.e., and from which he later received
the honorary degree of C.E., He was for many years
attached to the United States engineers office with head-
quarters in St. Paul. In 1906, he moved to Seattle to
take charge of the original Lake Washington canal
project and upon completion of that engagement entered
private practice as a consulting engineer, specializing
in river and harbour work.

He served as captain of engineers in the Spanish-
American war and as Lieut.-Col. of engineers in the World
War.

On January 11th, 1913, Colonel Powell was elected
a Member of The Engineering Institute of Canada. He
is a past president of the Pacific Northwest Society of
Engineers and of the Seattle section of The American
Society of Civil Engineers. He was also a member of
the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

George Louis Rainboth, A.M.E.I.C.

The sad death of George L. Rainboth, A.M.E.I.C,
who was accidentally killed at Ottawa on December first,
nineteen twenty-three, came as a great shock to his many
friends and fellow engineers. The accident which resulted
in his death, occurred when he was attempting to catch
a street car and was struck by an automobile. The late
Mr. Rainboth was thirty-nine years of age and was
geodetic engineer with the International Boundary
Commission.

He was born at Aylmer, Que., on August seventeenth,
1884, and commenced his engineering work in 1903, when
he was assistant on Dominion and Provincial land survey
subdivision contracts in Saskatchewan. Since that time,
Mr. Rainboth has consistently followed the surveying
branch of engineering, having been engaged on boundary
survey work in various parts of eastern Canada. At the
time of his death, he resided at 16 Glen Avenue, Ottawa,
although for a number of years his work has taken him
into the field for the greater part of each year. On July
9th, 1923, Mr. Rainboth was elected an Associate Member
of The Engineering Institute of Canada.

PERSONALS

Gordon McKindsey, S.E.i.c, has accepted a position
with the Canadian Bridge Company, Limited, at Walker-
ville, Ontario, as structural detailer.

B. C. Bordessa, A.M.E.I.C, has accepted a position
with the Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico on construc-
tion work, where his address is Tepic, Nay, Mexico.

Thomas H. Winter, S.E.i.c, formerly of Halifax, N.S.,
has accepted a position with the Sir W. G. Armstrong,
Whitworth and Company, Limited, Deer Lake, New-
foundland.

J. C. Brodeur, S.E.i.c, who graduated in mining
engineering from McGill University with the class of '23
is at present in Paris, France, taking a special course in
mines engineering.

Thos. C. Connell, a.m.e.i.c, has been transferred by
the Southern Canada Power Company, Limited, from
their head office in Montreal to the construction staff
at Drummondville, Que.

R. D. Keenleyside, S.E.I.C, formerly of London,
Ontario, has been appointed to the staff of the Ingersoll
Rand Company, of Phillipsburg, N.J., where he will be
engaged in time study work.

Norman I. Edwards, a.m.e.i.c, formerly special
hazards inspector for the Canadian Underwriters Associa-
tion, Montreal, has accepted a position with the Franklin
Railway Supply Company of Canada, Montreal.

D. A. Evans, m.e.i.c, for the past six years manager
for the St. Maurice River Boom and Driving Company
is now associated with the Newfoundland Power and
Paper Company, Limited, Deer Lake, Newfoundland.

G. H. Carson, Jr.E.l.C, formerly field engineer with
the St. Lawrence Paper Mills, Three Rivers, Que., is now
associated with the Newfoundland Power and Paper
Company, Limited, and is located at Shawinigan Falls.

J. E. Pringle, a.m.e.i.c, is now associated with the
W. H. Yates Construction Company of Hamilton on the
construction of a new foundry for the Canadian Westing-
house Company. Mr. Pringle is a graduate of the
University of Toronto of the class of 1916.

E. McL. Benedict, a.m.e.i.c, has been transferred
by the Dominion Radiator Company, Toronto, to the
Buffalo office of the American Radiator Company. Mr.
Benedict received his engineering education from McGill
University, graduating in mechanical engineering in 1907.

Patrick Philip, m.e.i.c, chief engineer of the Public
Works Department, Victoria, B.C., was elected vice-
president of the Association of Professional Engineers of
British Columbia, at the annual convention held in Van-
couver on December 1st.

J. A. Loy, Jr.E.l.C, is at present on the eastern division
construction staff of the Bell Telephone Company of
Canada. Mr. Loy received the degree of b.Sc, in civil
engineering from McGill University in 1921 and was for
a time inspector for the department of Public Highways
of Ontario.

Victor L. Gladman, a.m.e.i.c, engineer for Sproatt
and Rolph, architects, Toronto, has resigned to form a

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

partnership under the name of Gladman Construction
Company, Limited, with offices at Port Hope, Ont.
Mr. Gladman graduated with the class of 1910 from

McGill University.

F. H. Palmer, a.m.e.i.c, has been appointed the
Canadian Government Trade Commissioner in the
Netherlands, with offices in Rotterdam, Holland. Mr.
Palmer was formerly connected with the same department
in New York, and was for a time with the Nova Scotia
Highways Commission.

E. P. Bowman, a.m.e.i.c, has resigned from the
Topographical Surveys Branch, Department of the
Interior, Ottawa, with which he was in charge of a survey
party, and has entered private practice in surveying and
engineering at Guelph, Ontario, where he has taken over
the practice of the late D. A. Niven, o.L.s.

J. B. VlcClure, s.e.i.c, a graduate of the class of '23
of Queen's University, who was with the Canadian
Crocker Wheeler Company, St. Catharines, Ont., is
employed with the General Electric Company, Lynn,
Mass., in the work of testing and calibrating polyphase
induction watt-hour meters for the United States Navy.

H. L. Currie, a.m.e.i.c, is at present in St. Catharines,
Ontario, acting in the capacity of inspector for a new
terminal station. Previous to coming to St. Catharines
Mr. Currie had charge of the construction of the building
in connection with a new yard at Neebing, Ont. Mr.
Currie is an assistant engineer with the Canadian National
Railways.

C. Miles Burpee, s.e.i.c, has resigned his position
as resident highway construction engineer with the
Department of Public Works of the province of New
Brunswick to accept the position of instructor and head
of the department of drawing and descriptive geometry
of the Engineering College of Marquette University,
Milwaukee, Wis.

W. Dicker Stroud, s.e.i.c, who has been a member
of the Laurentide Company's staff, has joined the staff
of the F. C. Huyck and Sons, manufacturers of felts.
Mr. Stroud will go to Albany for the present where he
will enter the sales engineering department of the company.
Mr. Stroud has been in the employ of the Laurentide
Company since his graduation from McGill University in
1921.

E. L. Miles, m.e.i.c, at present county road super-
intendent and county engineer for Victoria, Ontario,
residence Lindsay, was elected a Fellow of the Royal
Society of Arts, London, Eng., on November 7th, 1923.
This society was founded in 1754 and incorporated by
Royal Charter in 1847 with the Royal consort H.R.H.
Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg and Gotha as its first
president. At the present time H.R.H., the Duke of
Connaught and Strathearn, k.g., is president of the
society, and Lord Asquith, k.c.b., k.c, d.c.l., chairman
of the council.

G. H. Wood, a.m.e.i.c, formerly on the field staff
of the Reclamation Service, Ottawa, has been transferred
to the Ontario division of the Dominion Water Power
Branch with headquarters at Niagara Falls, Ontario.
Mr. Woods' first connection with the Dominion Water
Power Branch dates back to 1914 when he was a junior
assistant on a survey party, except for two years when
he was on active service in the Canadian Engineers.
On his return he again joined the department as junior
power development engineer and in 1920 he was transferred
as assistant hydraulic engineer with the Reclamation
Service.

Dr. Waddell, M.E.I.C, addresses Chinese Students' Alliance

Doctor J. A. L. Waddell, m.e.i.c, consulting engineer
of New York City, delivered two addresses on September
11th, and 14th, 1923 to the Chinese Students' Alliance
in the U.S.A. at its nineteenth annual conference, held
at Brown University in Providence, R.I.

The first address was on "Some Observations on the
Regeneration of China and the Engineering Work involved
Therein" while the second address dealt with "The Func-
tions of Both Pure and Applied Science in the Future
Development of China."

Dr. Waddell's addresses were based on a large amount
of first hand information secured during a period of seven
months in China. While in China, Dr. Waddell was
made Honorary Member of the two leading Chinese
engineering societies and also of the Chinese Railway
Association and, after his departure, the Chinese Govern-
ment conferred upon him the Second Class Order of
Chia Ho.

Chosen President^)! Kiwanis^Club at Vancouver, B.C.

A. E. FOREMAN, M.E.I.C.

A. E. Foreman, m.e.i.c, was recently unanimously
chosen president of the Kiwanis Club of Vancouver.
Mr. Foreman has for the past year been president of the
Association of Professional Engineers of British Columbia.
Last year Mr. Foreman was re-elected a member of the
executive of the Convocation of the University of British
Columbia for a term of three years.

E. E. Brydone-Jack, M.E.I.C, President of B.C.,
Professional Engineers.

At the annual convention of the Association of
Professional Engineers of British Columbia, held in
Vancouver on December first, E. E. Brydone-Jack,
m.e.i.c, was elected president of the association for the
coming year, succeeding A. E. Foreman, m.e.i.c

Mr. Brydone-Jack is a native of Fredericton, N.B.,
and in 1891 received his degree of B.A., from the University
of New Brunswick, and three years later his C.E., from the
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His earlier work was
in connection with railway construction and maintenance
while later he was engaged principally in bridge work.
For four years, he was dean of the Engineering School of

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B.
During this time he was also city engineer for that city.
In September 1905 he was appointed professor of civil
engineering at Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. He
was later professor of civil engineering of the University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. While in Winnipeg,
Mr. Brydone-Jack was for several years attached to the
Public Works Department of the federal government,
with which department he is now employed as supervising
district engineer, western Canada, at Victoria, B.C.

Institute Member Receives Promotion

The Under-Feed Stoker Company of Canada, Limited,
announce the following change in their personnel:

W. T. Brickenden, b.a.Sc, (Honours), jr.E.i.c, has
been appointed chief engineer for the company vice D. F.
Grahame, who has been transferred to the head office of
the Sanford Riley Stoker Company, at Worcester, Mass.,
U.S.A.

W. T. BRICKENDEN, B.A.Sc, Jr.E.I.C.

Mr. Brickenden, who is a graduate of the University
d( Toronto in mechanical engineering has been with the
company as assistant to chief engineer since 1920 and
has been engaged in research and installation work
during the ensuing period.

V. L. Havens, M.E.I.C., opens Office in New York

V. L. Havens, m.e.i.c, has opened an office at 185
ladison Avenue, New York, as a consulting engineer.
For the past three years Mr. Havens has occupied the
position of editor and director of "Ingenieria Inter-
national", a publication issued in Spanish covering the
civil, electrical, mechanical and mining engineering of
South America. Mr. Havens' experience dates back to
1898 when he was on railway location and survey work,
and in 1902 was appointed assistant engineer on the
Union Pacific Railway, being engaged on the construction
of a fifty-mile line in the vicinity of Verne and Leroy,
/yoming. A year later he was associated with the
vlexican Central Railroad as division engineer in charge
of heavy mountain construction. Moving to Omaha,
Nebraska, in 1904, he was assistant engineer on streets

and boulevards, and was appointed chief engineer for the
Tri-State Land Company of Nebraska, where he had
charge of the construction of an irrigation system for
over a hundred thousand acres. He again returned to
Mexico where he received the appointment of assistant
engineer for the Mexican Light and Power Company, and
later was appointed chief engineer. He also held the same
position with the Mexico Steel and Chemical Company
and the Pachuca Irrigation and Power Company. In
1913 he was engaged in general consultation work and in
1915 was commercial attache to the American Embassy
at Santiago, Chile. He again entered the consulting
work on technical and commercial problems principally
for public utility corporations in Brazil, Mexico and
Spain.

World Power Conference General Committee

The general committee appointed to advise regarding
Canadian participation in the World Power Conference
to be held in London in July nineteen twenty-four, is as
follows:

H. G. Acres, B.A.Sc, m.e.i.c, M.Am.Soc.c.E., chief hydraulic
engineer, Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Niagara Falls,
Ontario.

F. D. Adams, Ph.D., D.Sc, ll.d., f.r.s., Hon.M.E.i.c, vice-principal
of McGill University; and dean, Engineering Faculty, McGill Univer-
sity, Montreal, Que.

Col. C. W. Allen, b.a.Sc.,""m.e.i.c, Royal Securities Corporation,
164 St. James St., Montreal, Que.

Arthur Amos, a. m.e.i.c, chief engineer, Hydraulic Service, Parlia-
ment Buildings, Quebec.

Adrien Beaudry, K.C., president, the Quebec Public Service Com-
mission, 9 St. James St., Montreal, Que.

Edward Beck, secretary, Canadian Pulp and Paper Association,
511 St. Catherine St. West, Montreal, Que.

G. E. Bell, B.Sc, m.e.i.c, assistant to the president, Dominion
Engineering Works, Montreal.

W. A. Bowden, b.a.Sc, m.e.i.c, chief engineer, Department of
Railways and Canals, Ottawa, Ont.

W. A. Bucke, Esq., b.a.Sc, m.e.i.c, manager, Apparatus Sales
Department, Canadian General Electric Company, Toronto, Ont.

Charles Camsell, B.Sc, ll.d., f.r.s.c, m.e.i.c, deputy minister
of mines; and chairman, Dominion Fuel Board, Ottawa, Ont.

Walter Carr, m.a., Ph.D., editor, "Electrical News", 347 Adelaide
St. West, Toronto, Ont.

J. B. Challies, C.E., m.e.i.c, M.Am,Soc.CE., director, Dominion
Water Power Branch; and Dominion Reclamation Service, Depart-
ment of the Interior, Ottawa, Ont.

A. L. Clark, B.Sc, Ph.D., F.R.S.C, Hon.M.E.i.c, dean, Faculty
of Applied Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.

E. A. Cleveland, m.e.i.c, comptroller of water rights, and consulting
engineer, Department of Lands, Victoria, B.C.

F. A. Combe, m.e.i.c, consulting combustion and steam engineer,
Southam Building, Montreal, Que.

P. T. Davis, president, Canadian Electrical Association, 330
Coristine Bldg., Montreal, Que.

Colonel J. S. Dennis, c.m.g., M.E.I.C, chief commissioner, Depart-
ment of Colonization and Development, Canadian Pacific Railway
Company, Montreal, Que.

A. A. Dion, m.e.i.c, f.a.i.e.e., general manager, Ottawa Electric
Company, Ottawa, Ont.

V. M. Drury, president, Calgary Power Company, Limited, 164
St. James St., Montreal, Que.

E. A. Dunlop, president, Pembroke Electric Light Co. Ltd.,
Pembroke, Ont.

R. J. Durley, Ma.E., M.inst.CE., M.Am.Soc.M.E., m.e.i.c, secretary,
Canadian Engineering Standards Association, Jackson Building,
Ottawa, Ont.

Walter J. Francis, C.E., m.e.i.c, M.Am.Soc.c.E., consulting engineer,
260 St. James St., Montreal, Que.

J. G. Glassco, B.Sc, M.Sc, m.e.i.c, a.a.i.e.e., manager, City of
Winnipeg Hydro-Electric System, Winnipeg, Man.

F. R. Glover, chief executive assistant, British Columbia Electric
Railway Company, Vancouver, B.C.

P. S. Gregory, B.A., B.Sc, A.M.E.I.C., A.A.I.E.E., assistant to vice-
president, Shawinigan Water and Power Company, Montreal, Que.

A. Monroe Grier, K.c, president, Canadian Niagara Power Com-
pany, Dominion Bank Building, Toronto, Ont.

B. F. Haanel, B.Sc, m.e.i.c, chief engineer, Division of Fuels
and Fuel Testing, Department of Mines, Ottawa, Ont.

O. Higman, m.e.i.c, director, Electricity and Gas Inspection
Branch, Department of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa, Ont.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

F. T. Kaelin, m.e., m.e.i.c, chief engineer, Shawinigan Water and
Power Company, Montreal, Que.

Fraser S. Keith, B.Sc, m.e.i.c, editor, The Engineering Journal,
176 Mansfield St., Montreal, Que.

J. G. G. Kerry, M.Sc, m.e.i.c, M.Am.Soo.c.E., consulting engineer,
Confederation Life Building, Toronto, Ont.

R. S. Lea, Ma.E., m.e.i.c, M.Am.Soc.c.E., consulting engineer, 340
University St., Montreal, Que.

O. O. Lefebvre, b.a.Sc, m.e.i.c, chief engineer, Quebec Streams
Commission, Montreal, Que.

Geo. C. Mackenzie, m.e.i.c, secretary, Canadian Institute of
Mining and Metallurgy, Montreal, Que.

C. A. Magrath, m.e.i.c, chairman, Canadian Section, Inter-
national Joint Commission, Ottawa, Ont.

J. B. McRae, b.a.Sc, m.e.i.c, M.Am.Soc.c.E., consulting engineer,
Jackson Building, Ottawa, Ont.

Brig.-General C. H. Mitchell, C.B., c.m.g., c.e., ll.d., m.e.i.c,
M.Am.Soc.c.E., dean, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

A. W. McLimont, general manager, Winnipeg Electric Railway
Company, Winnipeg, Man.

John Murphy, B.A., m.e.i.c, f.a.i.e.e., consulting electrical
engineer, Department of Railways and Canals; and Dominion Railway
Commission, Ottawa, Ont.

A. J. Nesbitt, Messrs. Nesbitt and Thomson, 145 St. James St.,
Montreal, Que.

Mgr. J. A. V. Piette, P.D., rector, Universite de Montreal,
Montreal, Que.

J. Rocchetti, m.e., e.e., m.e.i.c, a.a.i.e.e., acting commissioner,
Manitoba Power Commission, Winnipeg, Man.

L. V. Rorke, o.L.s., director of surveys, Department of Lands and
Forests, Toronto, Ont.

R. A. Ross, D.Sc, E.E., m.e.i.c, consulting engineer, Marcil Trust
Building, Montreal, Que.

J. J. Salmond, Affiliate e.i.c, president and general manager,
"Canadian Engineer," 62 Church St., Toronto, Ont.

Julian C. Smith, LL.D., M.E., M.E.I.C, M.Am.Soc.c.E., f.a.i.e.e.,
consulting engineer, president, Quebec Power Company, etc., Montreal,
Que.

K. H. Smith, b.a.Sc, m.e.i.c, representing Nova Scotia Power
Commission ; and New Brunswick Electric Power Commission, Halifax,
N.S.

W. J. Stewart, m.e.i.c, chief hydrographer, Department of Marine
and Fisheries, Ottawa, Ont.

Arthur Surveyer, b.a., b.a.Sc, c.e., m.e.i.c, consulting engineer,
Drummond Building, Montreal, Que.

R. O. Sweezey, B.Sc, m.e.i.c, Newman, Sweezey and Company-
136 St. James St., Montreal, Que.

Sir Henry Thornton, k.b.e., president, Canadian National Rail-
ways, Ottawa, Ont.

K. B. Thornton, m.e.i.c, m.a.i.e.e., general manager and chief
engineer, Quebec-New England Hydro-Electric Corporation, 263 St.
James St., Montreal, Que.

H. M. Tory, m.a., D.Sc, F.R.s.c, ll.d., F.R.H.S., chairman, Research
Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.

& —

ELECTIONS AND TRANSFERS

Annual Meeting of the Association of
Professional Engineers of B.C.

The fourth annual meeting of the Association of
Professional Engineers of the Province of British Columbia
was held in Vancouver, December 1st, 1923.

E. E. Brydone-Jack, b.a., c.e., M.inst.c.E., m.e.i.c,
M.Am.Soc.c.E., M.Am.inst.Cons.E., supervising district en-
gineer, Western Canada, Dominion Public Works, (civil),
was elected president. Patrick Philip, m.e.i.c, chief
engineer, provincial Public Works, (civil), was elected
vice-president, and H. Rindal, C.E., (civil), G. S. Eldridge,
B.Sc, (chemical), A. G. Langley, B.Sc, m.i.cm.m., (mining),
and Frank Sawford, (electrical and mechanical), were
elected members of the council.

The most successful meeting in the history of the
association was held. Nearly 300 members took part
during the course of the day. This amounts to nearly
40 per cent of the total membership of the association,
and the presence of so many out of town visitors was
extremely gratifying to the council.

At a meeting of Council held on December 18th, 1923,
the following election and transfers were effected: —

Members

WALL, Edward Walter, Sc. B. in C.E. (Brown Univ.), gen. supt.
in charge of all constrn. work. Atlas Construction Company. Montreal.

WOOTTON, Allen Shakespeare, Assoc, in Arts (Oxford Univ.),
chief engr. to Board of Park Commissioners, Vancouver, B.C.

Associate Members

HEWARD, Francis Stephen Beverley, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.),
director and works manager, James Howden Co. Ltd., and director,
Combustion Engrg. Corpn. Ltd., Montreal.

LEGRIS, Charles Ernest, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.), engr., Quebec
Development Company, St. Joseph d'Alma, Que.

RIDDELL, John Morrison, B.A.Sc. (Univ. of Tor.), junior geodetic
engr., Geodetic Survey of Canada, Ottawa.

SHARON, Maurice William, chief architect, Dept. of Public
Works, Prov. of Sask., Regina, Sask.

STEVENS, Frederick, checker, Canadian Bridge Co. Ltd., Walker-
ville, Ont.

THOMAS, Edward Arnold, asst. in charge of the Courtenay bay
staff, under the engr. public works, St. John Harbour, St. John, N.B.

WALSH, Steven Nicholas, prov. examiner of electricians of Quebec ,
Montreal, Que.

Juniors

CAMPBELL, Robert Arthur, transitman, mtce. work, C.P.R.,
Brandon, Man.

HAGERMAN, Bernard Harrison, B.Sc. (Univ. of N.B.), instr'man
and asst. to res. engr. on highway work in prov. of N.B., Fredericton,
N.B.

MUNRO, William Cauldwell, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.), asst, engr.,
Ontario Paper Co. Ltd., Thorold, Ont.

Affiliate

KEMPTON, John, asst. gen. mgr. of coal sales, British Empire
Steel Corpn., Montreal, Que.

Transferred from the class of Junior to that of

Associate Member
NEILSON, Stanley Alexander, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.), asst. engr.,
on hydro-elec. power development surveys, etc., Walter J. Francis & Co.
consltg. engrs., Montreal.

Transferred from the class of Student to that
Associate Member

KIRBY, Guy Hurlston, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.), charge of high
voltage transmission line constrn., supt. of transmission line dept.,
Price Bros. & Co. Ltd., Kenogami. Que.

Transferred from the class of Student to that of Junior.

ROBINSON, Denis Owen, B.Sc. (Queen's Univ.), foreman on
Michigan Central R.R. yard extension in St. Thomas, for Dominion
Construction Co., St. Thomas, Ont.

The following students were admitted: — ■

ARNOTT, Clarence, 1639 Comox Street, Vancouver, B.C.
BEAVERS, George Robert, dftsman., Canadian Blower and Forge

Company, Kitchener, Ont.
CAMPBELL, John Middleton, 4120 Etna Street, Vancouver, B.C.
COFFIN, Frederick Winfield, 2425 Pine Street, Vancouver, B.C.
DONOHUE, Edward William Burgess, 85 St. Famille Street,

Montreal.
EVJEN, Ralph Walter, 1362 — 22nd Avenue East, Vancouver, B.C
FERGUSON, Boyden Hamilton, 1782 First Avenue East, Vancou-
ver, B.C.
FULTON, Fraser Fowler, St. John, N.B.
GALE, Stanley Cuthbert, 589 Burrard Street, Vancouver B.C.
GIBSON, Ernest Sydney, 44-14th Avenue West.Vancouver, B.C.
HICKS, Kenneth W., 128 Fifth Avenue West, Vancouver, B.C.
KIDD, George Stuart, 3007 Denbigh Street, Bumaby, B.C.
LANE, Cecil Taverner, 905 St. Urbain Street, Montreal.
LAZENBY, Frederick Arthur, Port Hammond, B.C.
MacQUARRIE, John Douglas, 236 Robert Street, Toronto, Ont.
MacREA, Donald Alexander Gregory, 217 St. John Street,

Fredericton, N.B.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

MATSON, Bruce Cook, 444 Gladstone Avenue, Toronto, Ont.

MORGAN, Frederick Stewart, 1609 Nelson Street, Vancouver,
B C

MORRIS, Max, Sydney, N.S.

MORTON, Ralph McKenzie, 3148 Second Avenue West, Vancou-
ver, B.C.

PEARSON, Harold James P. St. George's, Bermuda.

PRESTON, Frederick Henry, 80 Park Street, Niagara Falls, Ont.

PRUDHAM, William Merrill, 756 University Street, Montreal.

REES, Arthur Fred. 3114 Neville Street, New Westminister, B.C.

ROWAT, Geoffrey Holms, 83 Spring Street, Moore Park, Toronto,
Ont.

STEWART, William Franklin, 806 Shuter Street, Montreal.

STROYAN, Philip Bateman, 4312 Dundas Street, Vancouver, B.C.

THOMPSON, William Lennox, Toronto. Ont.

TIMLECK, Curtis James, 814 Fifth Avenue, New Westminster,
R C

WELCH, William Hamlyn, 2835 Spruce Street, Vancouver, B.C.

WOLVERTON, Jasper Matthews, 137-llth Avenue West, Van-
couver, B.C.

EMPLOYMENT BUREAU

-4

Contracts Open to Canadian Firms for Large Modern
Buildings in Japan

In a letter from A. E. Bryan, Canadian Trade Commissioner, Kobe,
Japan, to H. R. Pousette, Director, Commercial Intelligence Service,
Ottawa, Mr. Bryan states "There is a good opening out here for any good
Canadian engineering firm able to contract on large modern buildings.
If you know of any firm that would be interested in looking into the
matter further, line them up and I will go into it with them when I come
home".

Tungsten Lamp Specification

The Canadian Engineering Standards Association has just issued
a standard specification for regular tungsten incandescent lamps,
copies of which are available either through the office of the secretary
of the Association, 630 Jackson Building, Ottawa, or from the secretary
of the Institute, for twenty-five cents.
The specification is designed to: —

fa) Detail the standards and definitions pertaining to tungsten
incandescent lamps, the physical and electrical characteristics
that constitute good lamps, and the tolerances permissable in their
inspection and testing.

(b) Provide a scientific and authoritative method of determining
tungsten lamp quality with respect to mechanical characteristics,
lumen maintenance, and life performance.

(d) And thus to afford a technical basis for contracts governing
the sale and purchase of tungsten incandescent lamps that will
adequately protect both the purchaser and the manufacturer.

A marked change in the method of rating the light-output of
incandescent lamps is introduced, that of expressing it in lumens
instead of in candle power. The lumen is a measure of total light
emitted and therefore applicable to any type of light-giving source
which can be used in all cases. The lumens has a further advantage of
providing a more logical expression for efficiency, namely, lumens per
watt.

The special committee on incandescent lamps responsible for pro-
ducing this specification was under the chairmanship of John Murphy,
M.E. i.e., electrical engineer, Department of Railways and Canals, Ottawa.

"Canada — Natural Resources and Commerce"

In a small compact volume well illustrated with photographs
and containing two maps showing the main physiographic divisions,
transportation routes, industrial areas and the distribution of resources
of the country, the Natural Resources Intelligence Service, Department
of the Interior, has made available in a most convenient form a wealth
of information on Canada's natural resources, development of industries
and commercial growth.

This is not a government blue-book but an attractive publication
compiled especially for the business man. It gives a condensed but
thorough survey of Canada's varied resources and of the broad features
they impart to the commerce of the Dominion by their limitations as
well as by their diversity and abundance. It gives, in short, a bird's-
eye view of Canada's physical assets, developed and latent.

Separate chapters of this volume are devoted to the industries and
trade that have been built up around each form of natural resource, farm
lands, forests, minerals, waterpowers, fisheries, and fur-bearing wild
life. Special attention is also paid to Canada's advance in manufactur-
ing and to her position in international trade.

Copies may be obtained free of charge upon application to F. C. C.
Lynch, Affiliate, E.l.c, superintendent, Natural Resources Intelligence
Service, Department of the Interior, Ottawa, Ont.

Situation Vacant

Electrical Draughtsman

A power company in Montreal requires the services of a first-class
electrical draughtsman. Must be experienced in design and layout.
Apply Box No. 60-V.

Structural Engineer

Structural engineer wanted, experienced in designing of steel
buildings and bridges, with knowledge of costs. Good opening in
executive capacity. Apply Box No. 61-V.

Industrial Officer

There is an opening with a Federal institution for an engineer with
three or four years practical experience in masonry work. The position
is that of industrial officer and the salary range is from $1640 to $1860
with bonus. Apply Box No. 62-V.

Draughtsman

A large pulp and paper company near Montreal requires the services
of a first class draughtsman for layout and improvements work. Must
be able to produce neat and accurate drawings. Apply Box No. 65-V.

Mechanical Engineer

Industrial firm manufacturing machanical equipment requires the
services of a recent graduate in mechanical engineering to work through
their organization with a view to learning the manufacture and instal-
lation of heating plant equipment. Applicant must be able to talk
French and English. Apply Box No. 66-V.

Structural Engineer

A firm of construction engineers in Montreal have an opening for
a young engineer, on design and layout of buildings. Apply Box No.
67-V.

Chemical Engineer

A company engaged in a large power development scheme in Quebec
wish to secure a recent chemical engineering graduate, whose immed-
iate work would be the testing of borings and other tests in connection
with construction work. Apply Box No. 68-V.

Mining Engineer

A mining engineer of from thirty to forty years of age required for
a partnership in a gold and arsenic proposition in Nova Scotia. Apply
Box No. 69-V.

Combustion Engineer

A pulp and paper company in Quebec have an opening for an engin-
eering graduate who has had experience in combustion engineering,
to be in charge of their boiler house control. Salarv $175. Apply Box
No. 70-V.

Mechanical Engineer

A young mechanical engineer required in the capacity of efficiency
engineer for mill repair and supply room, by a pulp and paper company.
Apply Box No. 71-V.

Recent Graduates in Mechanical and Chemical Engineering

A firm in Toronto have one or two openings for recent graduates
with either chemical or mechanical training. Apply Box No. 72-V.

Situation Wanted

Civil Engineer

Civil engineer, A. M.E. i.e., 30 years of age, desires position with
firm of contractors or engineers. Location immaterial. Three years
railroad construction, three years river improvement work, two years
engineer officer overseas, one year building construction, etc. At
present employed in China. Apply Box No. 131-W.

Electrical Engineer

Technical graduate, a.m.e.i.c, member American Institute of
Electrical Engineers, professional engineer B.C. Experience covers
construction and maintenance of power and industrial and hydro-
electric plants and substations. At present employed, but desires
change. Location preferred Western Canada. Apply Box No. 132- W.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

BRANCH NEWS

St. John Branch

W. J. Johnston, A.M.E.I.C., Secretary-Treasurer.

A paper on "Telephone Transmission" was delivered by A. A.
Turnbull, Jr.E-I.C, Assoc, a.i.e.e., to the members of the St. John
Branch, on November 23rd, in the N.B. Telephone Company's building.

Telephone Transmission

In introducing this subject the speaker mentioned the important
use of the telephone in community life, and, with the recent success
in long-range communication, its growing importance in national
life. The technical problems met with in telephone engineering and
the underlying principles of transmission of sound were explained in
detail by charts.

Telephone transmission is fundamentally dependent on the use of
electricity, and involves the theory of alternating currents and of sound.
In a telephone conversation sound waves are received, converted into
electrical waves which are transmitted varying distances, where they
are received and changed to sound waves. The telephone requires a
camparatively small amount of electricity; to carry on a conversation
up to a distance of 300 miles would require energy only of millionths
of a watt.

The volume and range of the human voice has a wide range of
acoustic properties, and the frequency of the voice currents is between
200 and 2,200 cycles per second. The speed of the voice over the wires
ranges between 80,000 and 150,000 miles per second. A maximum of
186,000 miles per second has been attained in wireless.

Open wires and cables each have their respective fields of usefulness
in telephone operation. On open wires it is possible to talk a limited
distance and transmission over greater distances is effected by loading
and the use of repeaters, with modern practice favouring repeaters.
Loading is the deliberate addition of inductance. Loading in open
wires is not as successful as in cables which are much improved by
loading. Repeaters are either the mechanical or vacuum-tube type,
the latter are more important and involve the amplifying principle
demonstrated in radio. By the use of loading and repeaters a telephone
conversation was recently carried on over the record distance of 3,400
miles between New York and San Francisco. This feat is simplified
in a country such as the United States (or Canada), and would be
practically impossible in a country such as Europe with its several
languages and the lack of co-operation between the telephone systems
of the different nations. The voice has been heard through cables a
maximum distance of about 125 miles.

The increased capacity of the lines resulted in the carrier system
which is the super-imposing of a band of higher frequencies on the
telephone circuit. An additional circuit referred to as a phantom circuit
is obtained from two physical circuits by the use of repeating coils
resulting in three circuits where originally there were two.

The linking of telephone lines with wireless was mentioned as a
recent development, an experimental but not a commercial success.
After reading this paper a general discussion on telephone matters was
engaged in by the members present.

Future Meeting in Fredericton

At this meeting a committee was appointed to arrange for holding
a branch meeting in Fredericton during the coming winter. This
proposed meeting will give The Institute members resident in Fredericton
and vicinity, and now members of this branch, an opportunity to attend
a branch meeting. This meeting will be held with the Engineering
Society at the University of New Brunswick.

London Branch

E. A. Gray, Jr. E.I.C., Secretary-Treasurer.
R. I. Olmsted, A.M.E.I.C, Branch News Editor.

The regular monthly meeting of the London Branch was held on
November 28th, in the board room of the Public Utilities Commission.
In the absence of the chairman, Major W. J. Forbes-Mitchell, D.S.O.
m.e.i. c, due to illness, H. B. R. Craig, M.E.I.C., occupied the chair.

The papers presented consisted of "The Springbank Dam", by E. V.
Buchanan, m.e.i. c, and an informal talk on Sewage Disposal", by W.
P. Near, m.e.i.c.

A resolution was passed, expressing the regret of the members
of the branch, at the enforced absence of the chairman, due to illness,
and best wishes for a complete recovery.

At the conclusion of the meeting, a light supper was served by the
entertainment committee of which J. R. Rostron, a.m.e.i.c, is chairman.

Lethbridge Branch

Geo. S. Brown, A.M.E.I.C., Secretary-Treasurer.

The winter meetings of the Lethbridge Branch have got away
to a splendid start. The enthusiasm of the members and affiliates
shows no sign of abating and under the able chairmanship of Colin D.
Mackintosh, m.e.i.c, his branch bids fair to be in for a series of splendid
meetings.

The first meeting took place on November 3rd and the one following
on the 17th and it is the intention to hold a meeting on the Saturday
of every second week throughout the winter.

This branch has been fortunate enough to make arrangements
with the Ladies' Auxiliary of the Y.M.C.A., for catering and we have
Sam Porter, m.e.i.c;., to rely upon to lead the community singing;
the social side of affairs is not by any means overlooked. The
engineers here seem to stand pretty well in the community and we
are never short of good friends to entertain us with songs, etc.
Then we have an orchestra that is made up entirely of our own
members which we are not a little proud of.

The first meeting brought out an attendance of around forty and
the next meeting was attended even better. The chairmen of the
various committees reported as to their past and proposed activities
at the meeting on November 3rd, and their reports indicate that the
affairs of the branch are being well looked after.

At the meeting on November 3rd, a valuable and instructive
paper was read on "The Formation of the Coal Areas and General
Statistics on the Coal Situation in Alberta". The paper was prepared
by Messrs. R. Livingstone, m.e.i.c, general manager of the C.P.R.,
mines at Lethbridge and Wm. Meldrum, mine surveyor of the said
mines. The paper was the result of much experience of coal mining
here as well as a vast amount of general research.

At the meeting on November 17th, the principal item was a
paper by T. Lees, m.e.i.c, on Boiler Waters with reference to those
available in Western Canada.

Border Cities Branch

J. Clark Keith, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.

The opening fall meeting of the Border Cities Branch was held
at the Prince Edward hotel, Friday, October 12th, at seven o'clock.

In order that the members might be aware of the activities of the
Detroit branch of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the secretary
was requested to make this information available on the regular notices
covering our own meetings.

M. E. Brian, a.m.e.i.c, extended an invitation to the branch
to visit the municipal asphalt plant of the city of Windsor at a date
to be later decided upon.

The chivalrous spirit of the engineer was in evidence at this meeting
when means were discussed for providing entertainment for the wives
or near wives who stay at home while we are otherwise enjoying our-
selves.

Sewage Problem on Both Sides of Detroit River

The speaker of the evening was C. W. Hubbell, former city engineer
of Detroit. Mr. Hubbell stated that the sewage problem on both
sides of the Detroit river might be considered under two main heads: —
(1) The obligation to live up to International agreements. (2) The
necessity of maintaining standards of common decency.

By means of slides the pollution of the Detroit river at various
points was shown. This was greatest at the shore, diminishing toward
midstream with the lower section of the Detroit river grossly polluted
from shore to shore. The prevalence of B. Coli was subject to seasonal
variation of winds and temperature.

On both the American and Canadian shore the B. Coli count is
above 500 per 100 c.c. This is in excess of the accepted standard
for water, reasonably amenable to purification. Under certain con-
ditions of high and prolonged winds the water flow in the Detroit river
has been reversed and it is a matter of record that the level at Fort
Wayne has been higher than at either end.

The drainage system of Detroit, both present and proposed, was
interestingly dealt with. The difficulties of construction owing to the
level nature of the ground and to subsurface conditions was a feature
of the address.

At the conclusion of Mr. Hubbell's address, a general discussion
was indulged in on the sewerage problems of the Border as compared
with those of Detroit.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Visit to the Ford Motor Company construction works

At the special meeting on October 20th, the members visited the
Ford Motor plant at the invitation of J. E. Porter, a.m.e.i.c, and were
first conducted over the new Ford docks where 100,000 tons of coal
can be stored with ample accommodation as well for thousands Of feet
of lumber on its way to the dry kilns for the building of motor bodies.
The next point of interest was the new power house. Immediately
adjoining this are situated the coke ovens for the coking of coal and
the recovery of by-products.

The members then visited the new machine shop of one storey
construction and covering approximately 14 acres. The next point
was the new heat-treat building. From here they descended into the
tunnel and were conducted back to the wharf by the underground
route: first, through the power tunnel, 11 feet by 12 feet in cross-section,
then through the coal conveyor tunnel by which the coal will be brought
from storage on the wharf to the coking ovens.

About thirty members thoroughly enjoyed the outing. W. R.
McGie, plant engineer, and J. E. Porter, a.m.e.i.c, were very efficient
guides and had a ready answer for all questions, wise or otherwise,
which were forthcoming.

Low Temperature Distillation of Coal

The regular meeting of the Border Cities Branch was held in the
Prince Edward Hotel, November 9th. The address of the evening
was given by W. R. McGie, of the Ford Motor Company on "The
Low Temperature Distillation of Coal".

In his introductory remarks Mr. McGie stated that any comments
he might make were his personal opinions and that he might be open
to contradiction. He paid a very high tribute to the technical ability
as well as to the modesty of Mr. Piron, the inventor of the system now
being installed by the Ford Motor Company.

From the viewpoint of experiment the process is old, from the
practical standpoint it is new. All the basic industries, steel, power,
lumbering and the home are dependent upon fuel for their operation
and anything relating to the fuel problem is of value to the engineer
for thereon his living largely depends. The low temperature distillation
of coal will probably have a greater influence on the fuel problem
than any other single factor which is in evidence at the present time.
In America \ii billion tons of coal are consumed annually and of this
about l /i billion tons are coked. If the low temperature process becomes
universal, coal will not be used as it is to-day and a new problem will
be created, the disposal of the by-products. It is vital to us living in
America due to the large quantities of high volatile coal which we
possess, in distinction to the low volatile fuels of the Old Country.
The high volatile coals give this county the opportunity to be pioneers
in the process. Prior to the present time, all coke has been produced
by high temperatures but with low temperatures new products are
obtained with a wonderful field to be developed. Eight or ten different
processes have been tried in an attempt to produce coke by this means
with an invested capital of 100 milliop dollars. Coal is an insulator
and it is difficult to force heat through it at low temperatures.

Japan has great quantities of bituminous coal but, with little or
no oil, she is dependent on other nations for this supply so this new
process would make her independent in that respect. A Jap is generally
to be found wherever any work of this nature is under way.

This is the first process which has seemed commercially sound.
The Ford Motor Company is trying to make it practical insofar as it
relates to power but Mr. Ford is interested in burning the coal twice.
The great departure from standard practice is in choosing molten lead
as the medium of heat transmission. This simple idea has swept away
the previous difficulties. The problem had always been to secure a
material which would stand up indefinitely at 1,200 degrees. Lead
melts at a low temperature, boils at high temperature, has a high
specific gravity and is unaffected by anything but an oxidizing atmo-
sphere. Molten lead is to be the medium for floating the pans on
which the coal will be deposited.

The coal is roughly crushed between rollers to y% inch in diameter
and is carried on cast iron pans in J^-inch to 1-inch layers on a con-
veyor, floating on the molten lead. From three to nine minutes is
required for these pans to travel across the lead. Passing over the
conveyor wheel the pans are brought into contact with a similar set
on a companion conveyor below. These two pans rub together and
loosen the coke so that it is readily discharged into a hopper when
the belt drops down over the sprocket wheel. When passing over
the lead, the products which are distilled at that time are drawn off
by an exhauster.

One ton of coal is about 35 per cent volatile. From it would be
produced 1,500 pounds of coke, 20 gallons of light oil and 10 gallons
of ammonium sulphate. After using enough gas to drive off the
distillate there will be a surplus of 4,000 cubic feet of gas per ton with
a heat valve of 500 to 600 B.t.u.'s. The by-products from one ton of
coal have a present market value of $10.44 which would mean that
power could be developed without cost.

There is a variety of possibilities from the standpoint of power.
The coke is obtained in a form resembling black char. This is pulver-

*zed and injected under the boilers by air and burned. It gives an
overload rating impossible with underfeed stokers. Under test it has
proved superior to any coal ever used at the River Rouge plant of the
Ford Motor Company due to the incombustible elements such as
moisture, low temperature, hydrocarbons and ammonia having already
been removed.

A new field will be open to the Diesel engine to utilize the by-
products should the market become glutted. If coal were $5.00 a
ton and oil 5 cents a gallon there would be double the efficiency in an
oil engine that there would be in a steam turbine. If tar oils glut
the market the plant could be swung over to an oil fuel and the coke
marketed. Much coal is burned in hauling coal, while slack at the
mine heads would be readily convertible into gas, tar, oils, etc. Coal
will at a later time be distilled on low temperature basis and central
power stations will come into existence at many points. With the low
temperature process a success, it would seem to be akin to crime to
burn coal direct.

Toronto Branch

/. A. Knight, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.

L. W. Wynne-Roberts, A.M.E.I.C, Branch News Editor.

Four very successful meetings of the Toronto Branch have been

held during the past month, the members showing much interest in

sustaining a good attendance, and the papers read and discussions

thereon, having been of a very high character.

Patents

On November 22nd, Herbert J. Dennison, patent attorney,
addressed the branch on the subject of "Patents" making particular
reference to the relation of patents to progress in the engineering and
industrial fields. The speaker referred to the general idea that patents
are the conception of a dream, and declared this to be a mistaken
viewpoint, as patents in most cases were things which had come slowly
and only at the expense of much thought and time. Mr. Dennison
showed the difference between discovery and invention. The discoverer,
such as Newton, deals with the laws of known phenomena, and investig-
ates and delves into them. The wonderful advance of radio was
cited as an example of the work of discovery. The Royal Society was
founded in the reign of Charles II, and included many famous men,
such as Lord Kelvin, Sir Humphrey Daly, Lister, Crookes, but few
of these were inventors.

The scientist discovers laws, but does not accomplish results.
The inventor uses the knowledge of science, and brings it into practical
form, so that some of the laws may be commercialized. Michael Fara-
day, Smeaton, Bunsen, Watt, were mentioned as men whose inventive
genius turned toward different lines of engineering. It took thirty-
seven years to produce a commercially operating magneto machine.
The speaker stated that the inventor's mind must travel ahead of
known laws. The first internal combustion engine was made in 1680
by using gunpowder in the cylinder. In 1794 inflammable vapour
was employed, but it was not until 1876 that the first commercial
combustion engine was produced.

The field of invention was endless said Mr. Dennison, and he
recommended all engineers to make use of the patent office records
library which was open to all, to keep in close touch with developments
in their particular branch of engineering science.

Tracing the history of the patent law, the speaker said it was
started in Great Britain during the reign of James I, when the crown
granted monopolies to its friends. The importance of granting patents
was first realized by Thomas Jefferson in the States, and all examinations
of patents in those days were personally superintended by himself.
The government grants patents for a limited period because it believes
that the party who has invented something, has given something to the
public and should be rewarded in some way. The speaker claimed that
industrial life could not exist without patents, as patented devices are
used on almost every machine employed in the industrial world. With-
out patent laws and the protection these laws give to the patentee, few
men would make public their valuable ideas and inventions. The
speaker stated that 90 per cent of the patents are good, but that on
searching through the records it was found that in 50 per cent of the
cases, other patents had previously been taken on similar devices.

Mr. Dennison described the patent laws of various countries,
stating that those of Canada and the United States are now practically
identical. Many changes were made in the Patent Act this year, and
the time limit in which the inventor must now manufacture his invention
has been extended from two to three years, and at the end of the three
years, if the invention is not commercialized, anyone may apply for a
license to use the invention on a royalty basis. Canada is now a
member of the International Union comprising 56 states, and the
inventor enjoys the right of priority of claim in the other countries,
in any of which he is allowed twelve months to take out his patents.

In the discussion which followed and which brought to light other
interesting points, the following took part: Professor C. R. Young,
m.e.i.c, R. O. Wynne-Roberts, m.e.i.c, J. M. Oxley, M.E.I.C, J. A,
Knight, a.m.e.i.c, and Professor Cockburn, m.e.i.c.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Recent Developments on the T. & N.O. Railway

S. B. Clement, M.E.I.C, chief engineer of the Temiskaming and
Northern Ontario Railway, addressed the meeting on November 29th,
on "Some recent Developments of the T. & N.O. Railway", and after
describing the work in connection with the 70-mile extension which
is now in course of construction, explained to a very interested audience
the possibilities of Northern Ontario, such as forest products, good
agricultural land, the available water powers, and probable mineral
wealth. Mr. Clement's paper is published elsewhere in this issue of
The Journal.

Inspection of Materials

A comprehensive address on "Inspection of Materials" was
delivered at the regular meeting on December 6th, by R. J. Marshall,
M.E.I.C, president of the Canadian Inspection and Testing Company,
in which he capitulated the standard specifications for a variety of
materials, and the standard methods of test and analysis, and discussed
from the ethical point of view the interdependence of vendor, contractor,
inspector and engineer on construction work.

Mr. Marshall stated that engineering may be divided into a
number of sections, such as chemical, electrical, mining, civil, mechan-
ical, architectural, etc., and each of these may be subdivided into its
specialist branches. Engineers could not be expert in every branch
and therefore specialized. One of such specialist branches was that
of inspection engineering.

An inspector depended very largely upon specifications, said the
speaker, to determine what tests he was to carry out on any material,
and vague or badly written specifications were a source of much anxiety
to the inspection companies. Valuable work was being done by the
American Society for Testing Materials, and the Canadian Engineering
Standards Association in preparing standard specifications. He
referred to the fact that the A.S.T.M., had no less than forty-eight
specifications for ferrous metals. The Canadian Engineering Standard
Association had prepared some seven or eight standard specifications
among which were steel Railway Bridges, Portland Cement, Highway
Bridges and Wire Rope, and other specifications for Reinforced Con-
crete and Structural Steel for buildings were now in course of prepara-
tion. He explained the numerous standard methods of test and
analysis, and indicated how the contractor, inspector, engineer and
manufacturer as vendor depended one upon the other. Specifications
are the working tools of Inspectors, Mr. Marshall said, and in writing,
these should be clearly worded, in order that the inspector may know
just what is called for when testing and inspecting the materials.
Specifications must set forth in detail the limits which govern strength
and other quantities in the material to be purchased. Such phrases
as "to the approval of the engineer", "in a workmanlike manner,"
should be avoided.

Inspection itself was divided into three processes, visual inspection,
actual external inspection and internal inspection. In testing a mate-
rial three analyses were performed : physical, chemical and microscopic.

In the open discussion after the address, Professor C. R. Young,
m.e.i.c, who presided, referred to the valuable services rendered by
the inspection companies. G. A. McCarthy, M.E.I.C, in referring to
a remark of Mr. Marshall, that an engineer should give a contractor
all information, considered that a contractor should find out certain
things for himself. The relation between a contractor and municipal
corporations or a government was somewhat different to that between
a contractor and an individual, and in the former case he believed
that the contractor should ascertain information such as the kind of
bearing, etc., from his own observations. R. J. Dalzell, m.e.i.c, was
of a similar opinion, and in referring to the manufacture of sewer
pipes, considered that only trained inspectors should pass on such
material, as the process of manufacture was difficult. Up to the present
time engineers had not demanded a standard specification for clay
products, and the manufacturers were prepared to let the matter stand.
Professor O. W. Ellis, A. M.E.I.C, described some interesting experiences
in the inspection of munition materials during the war. He remarked
that the sulphur and phosphorous content in steel had been increased
100 per cent without any ill effects. He described "season cracking"
of certain brass rods which failed after careful examination, and also
the extrusion defects of brass tubes, in which a second tube had formed
inside the outer shell, and was capable of moving up and down.

Professor Peter Gillespie, m.e.i.c, spoke on the interpretations of
specifications and cited certain cases wherein the engineer had insisted
upon the strict observance, resulting in serious loss to the contractor.
Others who spoke were G. W. Winckler, M.E.I.C, J. M. Oxley, M.E.I.C,
and F. G. Engholm, a. m.e.i.c

Following the reading of the minutes, N. D. Wilson, M.E.I.C,
explained the proposed changes in the Branch by-laws in order to
make them conform to those of The Institute and moved their adoption.
R. O. Wynne-Roberts, m.e.i.c, seconded the motion.

Heating

"Heating" was the subject of a very informative address given
by F. R. Ewart, m.e.i.c, to the branch on December 13th. Much
interest was evinced by the large number of members present, and the
discussion which followed proved to be one of the best this season.

In his opening remarks Mr. Ewart said he proposed to make
a general review of present day 'Art of Heating' and its form of
application. He outlined the progress from the fires kindled by
prehistoric man in his cave to the fires burnt in individual grates
and furnaces, which were provided with chimneys and flues to take
away the burning gases. Due to climatic conditions, possibly greater
headway has been made on this continent than abroad, inasmuch as
our system for heating provided for a furnace and radiators connected
thereto, whilst in most other countries the individual fire grate for
heating rooms was still predominant.

By means of a blackboard and chalk the speaker illustrated his
various remarks relative to the methods in calculating and obtaining
the heat required. The basic consideration is why, and how much
heat is required. In the first place it is desirably to keep the house
at a temperature of 68° to 75°. (68° for men and 75° for ladies.)
The temperature range for Toronto was considerably less than most
people believed, and to illustrate this fact the speaker cited the average
mean temperatures for five years, as follows: — January 20.7° ; February
24.4°; July 70.4°. For the heating season which is usually accepted
as October 15th to April 30th, say 6}4 months, the average mean
aemperature was 32.7°; for the non-heating season of 5 l A months the
tverage was 63.4°, the difference in range being 30.7°.

In determining the heat required for a building, the method used
is to ascertain the amount of heating required for each room individually.
In the speaker's opinion, a system carefully designed for zero weather
is rarely found to be inadequate. The range for computation purposes
may therefore be taken as from zero to 70°.

The heating required for any room is obtained by making a careful
mensuration of the wall area, window area, etc., multiplying each by
its respective transmission factor, summating these products, which
represent heat loss, and adding thereto the quantity of heat required
to raise the volume of air contained in the room to a given temperature.
The transmission factor represents the B.t.u. per square foot of surface
per degree of temperature.

This factor varies for different ranges of temperature, but is not
proportional. For instance, if the factor is assumed to be 20 per cent
with a difference of temperature of 70°, its value when the range is
50° is 66 per cent of 20, instead of 50/70 of 20, and when the range is
90°, the relation is 138 per cent as against an anticipated increase
to 129 per cent. .

The speaker said that with a 13-inch brick wall, plain inside
and out, 22 B.t.u. per square foot per hour at a 70° range were
lost by transmission. The same wall furred and plastered lost 15
B.t.u. ; glass, wood sash, lost 75 B.t.u., and glass, steel sash, lost 90 B.t.u.

It was customary to make an exposure allowance in addition,
and this is satisfactory for the average house and the older fashioned
buildings, but was not suitable for the modern designed structures.
This allowance varied from 25 per cent to 30 per cent, for a north
exposure; 20 to 25 per cent for west; 15 per cent for east, and 10 per
cent for south.

Instead of exposure allowance it is safer to make a leakage allow-
ance for each room for windows and sashes and this would be dependent
upon the strength of the wind and the condition of the sash. If there
were a 5 m.p.h., wind and the fittings were good, the leakage would
be 31 B.t.u. ; with a 20 m.p.h., wind and poor fittings the leakage would
be 351 B.t.u.

One B.t.u. will heat 55.2 cubic feet of air through one degree, and
the heating required therefore to heat any quantity of air supplied,
say, for ventilation through a given range of temperature is easily
calculated.

Heat is conveyed by means of three media, steam and hot water,
which are direct radiation systems, and air which is an indirect radiation
system. Radiation is supplied either from pipe coils largely used in
factories, and cast iron radiators, which are usually preferred owing
to their compactness and neatness. Mr. Ewart explained that radiators
gave radiant heat from the ends and convected heat by air circulating
through the columns, the convected portion usually being from 58
per cent to 73 per cent of the total. He also stated that a 3 or 4 column
radiator emits less heat per square foot than the more simple 2 or
single column type, citing the example of a 4-column, 45-inch radiator
emitting 205 B.t.u. per square foot, and a 1-column, 23-inch giving
279 B.t.u. per square foot. Wall radiators were very satisfactory, the
emission of heat ranging from 295 to 323 B.t.u. per square foot and
pipe coils gave as much as 319 to 360 B.t.u. per square foot. The pipe
coils gave off so much heat owing to a much larger surface area being
exposed to the room.

The speaker explained the three systems of heating, describing
the advantages of each. He considered the steam heat to be
advantageous for factories, offices, etc., as it will heat up a building
fairly fast and is somewhat cheaper. The hot water system has the
advantage that it can be used at lower temperatures, and is subject
to better regulation. It provides less radiant heat and is therefore
more comfortable for residences, hospitals, etc. Hot air heating was
an advantage when the building had much glass area and particularly
skylight glass, as the system appeared to be more suitable to combat
the down drafts of cold air.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

In concluding his address, Mr. Ewart expressed the hope that
in large centres with a fair density of population, the day will soon
come when central heating will be employed, and the benefits of modern
science and engineering may be employed. The obstacles to such a
system are not engineering or financial, but those of promotion. Heat
can be distributed over large areas economically. The plant would
have to be co-operative and would supply heat at cost.

Replying to a question put to him, Mr. Ewart stated that the
treatment of recirculated air consists of two processes, the first to
remove dirt and dust and the second of bringing out a definite degree
of purity of carbon dioxide. Fresh air consists of two or three parts
of CO« per million, and when circulated air has 6 or 7 parts it must be
diluted" with fresh air to bring it to 4 or 5 parts. The dirt removal
can be done through air washers or can be trapped in filters. Mr.
Staunton, a visitor to the meeting, spoke with reference to the dehumid-
ification of air which was required for the purposes of making and
drying wall paper. He stated that air was received from the duct
at a temperature of 130°, with a room temperature of 95°, yet the paper
came off the rack wet. R. O. Wynne-Roberts, m.e.i.c, questioned
the speaker as to what was the best method of humidifying the air in
a room and also explained the central heating in use in Regina. A. G.
Dalzell, m.e.i.c, expressed a view and quoted the example where
careful insulation of a house had a very appreciative effect upon the
coal bill. Considerable discussion arose over the question of central
heating and Col. A. D. LePan, a.m.e.i.c, described the system of
central heating used at the Toronto University. He stated that in
spite of increased coal costs and labour the cost of central heating was
only in slight excess of the cost of anthracite heating before the system
was installed. G. A. McCarthy, m.e.i.c; G. M. Winckler, m.e.i.c;
Professor. J. R. Cockbum, m.e.i.c; J. M. Oxley, m.e.i.c, and J. M.
D uncan also took part in the discussion.

Peterborough Branch

R. C. Flitton, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary.
The Fuel Problem

A meeting of the branch, held on October 11th, was addressed by
F. A. Combe, m.e.i.c, chairman of the Fuel Committee of The Institute
and chairman of the Montreal branch of this committee, the subject
being "The Fuel Problem".

Mr. Combe has made an extensive study of the question and
opened his address with a general review of the sources of coal, discussing
the possibilities of each kind with a possible leaning toward the use
of bituminous through coking. Various suggestions were advanced by
the speaker such as the use of Nova Scotia coal by the province of
Quebec, whose demands it would be sufficient to supply, thus releasing
an equal quantity of United States coal. A supply of bituminous
coal in the United States, practically inexhaustible, could be drawn
upon for use in Ontario by means of coking. Economy in the use of
coal was advocated, the utilization of water power being recommended
wherever available.

The speaker described anthracite as the luxury fuel. Those who
felt the burden of the coal bill must look elsewhere for a source of fuel
supply. In this connection he spoke of briquettes, bituminous coal,
peat, coke and Alberta coal as possible substitutes for anthracite.
In concluding his address Mr. Combe suggested that tests be made
by Institute members to ascertain the relative merits of such substitutes.
This meeting was well attended. Chairman Ross L. Dobbin, m.e.i.c,
who presided over the meeting welcomed new members.

Electric Arc Welding

An interesting paper on the "Application of Electric Arc Welding"
was presented before the branch on October 25th, by J. B. Minns,
b.a.Sc, of the Canadian General Electric Company, Toronto. The
speaker described various types of equipment for arc welding, showing
a number of excellent lantern views of the most modern apparatus.
Mr. Minns explained the uses of the automatic, semi-automatic and
hand welding apparatus giving the comparative speeds of operation
of the different types, their limitations and their possibilities. There
are many advantages which the electric arc method possesses over
gas welding, cheapness being one of the greatest. A moving picture
showing the electric arc apparatus in operation was shown. The
meeting was presided over by E. R. Shirley, m.e.i.c

Annual Banquet

The annual banquet of the branch was held on the evening of
November 20th, at the Empress hotel, and was the most largely attended
function that has ever been held by this branch.

Among the guests of honour were Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c,
president of The Institute, Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c, general secretary,
D. W. McLachlan, m.e.i.c, chief engineer of the St. Lawrence Ship
Canal, de Gaspe Beaubien, m.e.i.c, representing Montreal Branch,
J. M. Oxley, m.e.i.c, representing Toronto Branch, J. L. Rannie,
m.e.i.c, representing Ottawa Branch, F. S. Lazier, m.e.i.c, representing

Niagara Peninsula Branch, T. H. Hogg, a.m.e.i.c, of the Hydro-Electric
Power Commission of Ontario, Frederick B. Brown, m.e.i.c, consulting
engineer, of Montreal, J. L. Busfield, m.e.i.c, consulting engineer of
Montreal, G. N. Gordon, m.p., deputy speaker of the House of Com-
mons, also representatives of the sister professions.

The programme, which was arranged by a committee in charge
of E. R. Shirley, M.E.I.C, was run on a time schedule, commencing at
7.30 p.m., with the singing of "O Canada". Branch Chairman, R. L.
Dobbin, m.e.i.c, who presided, gave an address of welcome and made
a roll call of the guests.

President Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c, in a short address, con-
gratulated the branch on the reputation it holds throughout Canada.
He traced the history of The Institute from its origin as the Canadian
Society of Civil Engineers to its present position of importance, remind-
ing the members of its, objects, which, he trusted, every member of the
twenty-four branches was endeavouring to carry out.

General Secretary Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c, remarked that it was
five years since the first annual dinner was held and during this time
the Peterborough Branch has been growing in strength and usefulness.
Other branches have been heartened, he said, by the work of the
Peterborough members, who have made the most of their opportunities.

J. A. G. Goulet, m.e.i.c, speaking in French, introduced de Gaspe
Beaubien of Montreal, repeating his introduction in English.

De Gaspe Beaubien, representing Montreal Branch, replied in
French, thanking the chairman for the privilege of being present.
Continuing in English, he said he knew from previous experience in
Peterborough of the wide-awake branch he would find. Representing
the Montreal Branch, with 700 members, he congratulated Peter-
borough on its achievements in engineering, electrical, hydraulic and
mechanical.

D. W. McLachlan, M.E.I.C, was next called upon, and, in the
short time at his disposal, proceeded to take his audience from end
to end of the proposed improvements on the St. Lawrence waterway,
illustrating his address by means of large charts and maps displayed
on the wall.

He outlined the scheme in general as it exists to-day, giving
estimated costs on the various projects envolved. He also spoke
briefly on the opinion of the United States engineers with regard to
the best solution of the problem.

T. H. Hogg, a.m.e.i.c, in commenting on the address of the previous
speaker, said that the development of the St. Lawrence was of intense
interest to the province of Ontario at the present time on account of
the urgent need for power. He advocated the development of power
at Morrisburg, as being a more expedient means of solving the power
problem.

J. M. Oxley, m.e.i.c, conveyed the felicitations of the Toronto
Branch. J. L. Rannie, m.e.i.c, brought the greetings of the Ottawa
Branch and congratulated the Peterborough Branch on the excellent
work done here. F. S. Lazier, m.e.i.c, conveyed the good wishes of
the Niagara Peninsula Branch and praised Chairman Ross Dobbin
on the splendid speakers he had secured for the occasion.

G. N. Gordon, m.p., voiced his pleasure in the statements made
by some of the visitors that so many prominent engineers were either
born in Peterborough or received their training here. It is the con-
census of opinion in Ontario, he thought, that a solution of the problems
affecting the development of the St. Lawrence should be reached as
quickly as possible, so that a supply of power to meet the growing
needs of the province may be assured. "On both sides of the House,"
he said, "there is complete unanimity that an early decision should
be reached".

The branch sextette was in its usual good form, and entertained
the guests with several original numbers, from the pen of W. E. Ross,
jr.E.i.c. The arrangements for the musical part of the entertainment
were in the able hands of Paul Manning, a.m.e.i.c, who, in addition
to leading the sextette, rendered a solo. "Fred." Brown of Montreal,
in his own inimitable way, led in the singing of "Allouette" by the
entire assemblage.

The proceedings of the evening closed on schedule time, (11.10 p.m.),
with the singing of the National Anthem and Auld Lang Syne.

Ottawa Branch

F. C. C. Lynch, Affiliate E.I.C., Secretary-Treasurer.
At the luncheon held in the Chateau Laurier December 12 th
under the auspices of the Ottawa Branch of The Engineering Institute
of Canada, the speaker of the day was Mr. Harold Fisher, K.c, m.l.a.
His subject was "Expert Evidence".

Expert Evidence

"Had I known as much about the subject when I was asked to
discuss it as I do now," said Mr. Fisher, "I might have hesitated".
Had he done so, the engineers would have missed a very enjoyable
and educational paper, generously punctuated with humor.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Mr. Fisher protested at the beginning of the address that he had
been led to believe that he was to speak to a gathering of engineers.
He found himself faced by many of the leading lights in the legal
world. He felt that it would be a presumption on his part to offer
advice to the engineers on practical points which concerned them
in their profession, and to express opinions on legal points to the dis-
tinguished justices present. Consequently any remarks he might make
on engineering matters would be addressed to the lawyers, and any
comments on points of law would be for the ears of the engineers in
his audience.

The sum-total of his advice to engineers who might be called
upon to act in the capacity of expert witnesses was that given long ago
by "Punch" to those about to be married: "Don't." "If it is quite
unavoidable, then either stick rigidly to the truth or lie boldly."

"All men are liars," said the Psalmist in his wrath. A lay expert,
long after this pronouncement of the Psalmist had said: "There are
liars, d — liars — and expert witnesses". Moreover, although the
Psalmist had spoken in wrath, the lay expert had uttered his statement
after mature deliberation. The same thing had been said over and
over again, in language, if not so strong, yet equally positive. In 1843
Lord Campbell had said: "The statements of experts are of slight value".
In 1849 Lord Cottenham, the Lord Chancellor of England, had said:
"There is no difficulty in procuring professional opinions upon either
side. Upon any subject of doubt, any person seeking for pecuniary
advantage, to obtain an object by managing, conducting and obtaining
the favourable report of professional men, will find no difficulty in
procuring such favourable opinions". The difference between expert
evidence and that given by the ordinary witness was that the latter
was only allowed to say what he had actually seen. His opinion was
not accepted as testimony. But the expert evidence consisted, almost
entirely of opinions of men, whose profession or studies had placed
them in the position to obtain specific knowledge on certain points.
Therein lay the reason for the fact that their testimony was often dis-
credited.

Firstly, evidence was given under oath. If a witness as to fact
made a false statement, he was liable to prosecution for perjury. An
expert witness could not be similarly indicted. He was expressing an
opinion only, and as to whether or not he was really giving his honest
convictions it was impossible for any human being, even a judge, to
decide. He was immune from legal penalty.

This is not all. Expert evidence is sometimes that of persons
who live by their business, and in all cases are remunerated for their
evidence. It is, then, natural that his mind, however honest, should
be biased in favour of the person employing him.

"Many suggestions have been made," said Mr. Fisher, "for the
improvement of the situation. Of these the one which has met with
most approval is that the court shall call persons selected by the judge,
these persons chosen being in addition to any the parties chose to
bring themselves. In the Ontario rules of practice there is a provision
that the court may obtain the assistance of merchants, engineers,
accountants, actuaries or scientific persons in such ways as it thinks fit.
There is no similar provision in the Exchequer Court. This plan opens
out possibilities, and I am quite satisfied that something along this
line will have to be provided in the Exchequer Court in regard to
patent legislation."

To the engineer who contemplated becoming an expert witness,
he would say "Don't". At all events he would strongly advise the
engineer not to become a professional witness. There were too many
pitfalls. He quoted from the reminiscences of Baron Brampton, who
was once conducting a case in which an expert on handwriting was
representing the other party.

An English wag had remarked that "the truth will out — even
in an affidavit". His advice to young engineers was that the rules
of the game were the same as in other relationships. You were expect-
ed to tell the truth. The fact that one is under oath does not lessen
one's obligation to tell the truth.

One great essential, before giving expert evidence, was to know
upon what subject you were to be examined, said Mr. Fisher. Then
you should know what your answers would be, and should see to it
that counsel also knew beforehand what your answers would be. If
they would prove satisfactory to him, well and good. If not, then
he could get someone else. Above all don't place yourself in the
position in which you are compelled to hold back something. This
will lead to a crisis in which you will find yourself either compelled
to leap the fence and lie — or else give evidence that will be injurious
to your client's case.

In conclusion Mr. Fisher warned engineers who might be called
upon to give expert testimony that their evidence to be of value must
be heard. It must be given clearly. Moreover it must be in language
that was intelligible to all concerned, particularly to the judge. Finally
make your arguments persuasive and do not ruin your clients' case
by pretending that you know everything.

"Some cross-examiners," said Mr. Fisher, as he sat down, "win
their case by making the witness talk until he hangs himself — even
as I have talked to you to-day."

Calgary Branch

/. A. Spreckley, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary.

W. St. J. Miller, A.M.E.I.C, Branch News Editor.

Financial Difficulties in Irrigation Development

On November 26th, D. W. Hays, M.E.I.C, presented to the branch
one of the most interesting papers it has been our pleasure to listen to
for a considerable time. The paper entitled "Financial Difficulties in
Irrigation Development" came at a most opportune time, when it is
considered that we are undoubtedly entering upon an era of con-
siderable advance in irrigation problems.

Some sixty members and invited guests were present on this
occasion, and an interesting discussion followed at which it was agreed
that very definite steps should be taken by way of safeguarding the
farmers on irrigation projects against what appears to be an unwarranted
hardship suffered under existing legislation regarding the tax sale of
lands as noted in the paper.

Much favourable comment has since been expressed respecting
the clear presentation by Mr. Hays of the financial difficulties and
problems confronting irrigation districts, and it is to be sincerely hoped
that steps will be taken as a result to improve the present legislation
along the lines suggested.

Water for Boiler Purposes

A regular meeting of the branch was held at the Board of Trade
rooms on Monday, December 10th, 1923, when Thos. Lees, a.m.e.i.c,
district engineer of the C.P.R., for Alberta, read a paper on the effect
of Western Canada water on locomotive boilers. The lecturer dealt
exhaustively with the question from the chemical and operating stand-
points and much interest was shown in the technical details of boiler
design and means taken to obviate the difficulties of scaling and
corrosion.

The discussion was led by J. F. McCall, who gave details of his
own experience at the Calgary Power Station, and Messrs. R. M.
Dingwall, a.m.e.i.c, A. H. Willson, B. L. Thorne, M.E.I.C., and M. H.
Marshall, M.E.I.C, contributed to an interesting discussion.

Hamilton Branch

W. F. McLaren, M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.

A meeting of the Hamilton branch was held on Friday, December
14th, 1923, in the Westinghouse Auditorium.

Much sympathy was expressed for E. R. Gray, a.m.e.i.c, who
is seriously ill at his home.

Asbestos Production

J. W. Tyrrell, M.E.I.C, the chairman of the branch, introduced
Mr. Bradley, representative of the Johns-Manville Company, who
gave a non-technical address on asbestos production, illustrated with
moving pictures. Mr. Bradley pointed out that this lecture was not
given with any commercial idea. Before the lecture commenced,
samples of Canadian asbestos were passed around.

Asbestos is a valuable and unique material and its main qualities
arise from the fact that it is both a rock and a fiber. As a rock it has
the following characteristics: It has a very high resistance to heat,
it is non-inflammable, it is a non-conductor of heat and of electricity,
is chemically inert and is very resistant to weather. As a fibrous
material it may be spun into thread, woven into cloth, made up into
paper, and so forth, and when so treated it still retains its valuable
ock characteristics.

The geology of asbestos is somewhat indefinite; it is wrapped in
romance and myth. Probably the most satisfactory explanation is
that it was deposited by pre-historic volcanic eruption, and fiberized
by subsequent heating and cooling.

Asbestos was first mined by the Romans from deposits in the
Alps, and was used by them for cremation cloth. It is related that
Charlemagne had an asbestos table cloth, and used to entertain his
guests by throwing it into the fire.

From this early beginning, the uses of asbestos have grown
enormously. Some of the uses of asbestos are as follows: — Paper
for roofing, packing, etc., cloth for clothing for fire fighters and theatre
curtains. When made into cloth, it is woven as other materials on
the same machinery, but usually requires some additional matter for
strength, such as cotton. On some theatre curtains, a wire insertion
is used.

Eighty-five per cent of the world's asbestos is found in Canada,
in vast deposits in the Eastern Townships of Quebec. The limits of
these deposits have not yet been determined. Another large asbestos
deposit is in Arizona. The Arizona asbestos is very valuable on
account of its long fibers, about 2 inches in length, but is very difficult

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

to mine. The Canadian fiber is finer, but very much shorter, averaging
from \i to y<i inch in length, and with a small proportion of long fiber.
In the manufacture of asbestos products, it is necessary to add a certain
proportion of the Arizona fiber to the Canadian fiber on account of
strength.

Chrysotile is in the heart of the mountains and is 65 miles from
the nearest railroad. All the materials used at the mines must be
transported this 65 miles by motor truck and burros. Burros are very
sure footed animals which hardly ever tumble, and if they do tumble,
they roll up into a ball and roll down hill, and so they are practically
never hurt. At times in the pictures, it looked as though the burro
had walked off the edge of the path. A burro can take a 300-pound
load.

On account of the inaccessibility of the Arizona deposits, crude
methods of mining are used. It is necessary to drive tunnels into
the side of the mountain to recover the asbestos. This fiber is separat-
ed from the crushed rock by screening at the mines. The Canadian
deposits are of the open-pit type. They use the open-pit mining
method and follow up-to-date mining procedure.

It was announced that the next meeting of the Hamilton branch
will be held in Brantford in about a month's time. The speaker and
subject will be announced later.

Power and Irrigation Schemes in Spain

An ambitious plan for the extended utilization of the water power
of the river Ticino and lake Maggiore has been under study for several
months. The region affected is one of the richest and most populous
in Italy, from both the agricultural and industrial points of view.

A long canal would be constructed to irrigate about 24,000 acres
at present untouched, and give a greater water supply to another 36,000
acres now sparsely irrigated. On the Milan bank over 52,000 acres
would be brought under irrigation, the water being raised from the bed
of the Ticino, which is on the average about 30 metres lower than the
land, by means of two water-raising plants, for the working of which
20,000 h.p. would be necessary. It is estimated that the new scheme
would yield 55,000 h.p., giving roughly 280,000,000 kw. hours, which
would be produced partly by an electric station to be constructed by
the side of the barrage, and partly by the enlargement of a station
already in existence. The work is estimated to cost 160,000,000 lire.

Public Works in Spanish Morocco

The Military Directory has approved a large programme of public
works to be carried out in the Spanish Protectorate zone in Morocco.
The total cost of the works is at present estimated at 54,000,000 pesetas
(about £1,800,000 at the current rate of exchange) the expenditure
of which will be spread over a period of six years. Advances will be
made to the government of the Protectorate by the Home Government.

The works in connection with harbours, railways, water supply
and drainage will be put up for tender in the Madrid Gazette and in
the Official Bulletin of the Protectorate. Tenders will be solicited for
rolling-stock in the same manner. The High Commissioner is author-
ized to execute the other works by contract or direct administration.

Bangor, Me., Company plans 30,000-Kw., Hydro-Electric Station

Expansion of generating plant facilities by the Bangor, Me.,
Railway and Electric Company is slated for the near future, according
to a statement last week by E. M. Graham, president of the company.
Studies have been made for a new thirty thousand kilowatt hydro-
electric station and by the early part of January it is expected that the
full benefit of dam reconstruction above the present Ellsworth water-
power station will be again enjoyed.

Contract for Port Colborne Elevator

The contract for the addition to the government elevator at
Port Colbome has been awarded to the E. G. M. Cape Construction
Company, Montreal. The capacity of the elevator will be increased
by 1,000,000 bushels. Work on the foundations will commence
immediately. Lake Erie gravel is being supplied by the National
Sand and Material Company, Limited.

Publication

The Federal Department of Health has just issued a brochure on
"Sanitation" dealing with the subject of sewage treatment for isolated
houses and small institutions where municipal sewage system is not
available. The publication is generously illustrated, emphasizing the
application of the advice given, and can be obtained free on request
from the Deputy Minister, Department of Health, Ottawa.

Well Known Bridge Erector Dies

The death occurred in Vancouver, B. C. of one of the best known
bridge erectors in Canada, in the person of James Finley, formerly of
Lachine and Vancouver, B. C. He began his long and praiseworthy
career with the Hamilton Bridge Company, when he erected for them
the Stoney Creek arch in the Rocky mountains. Later on, he associated
himself with the Dominion Bridge Company Limited at Lachine, and
became their chief erection foreman.

In 1899, he was erector in charge of the interprovincial cantilever
bridge at Nepean Point, Ottawa, and afterwards became erection
superintendent of the Dominion Bridge Company Limited. Among
the notable bridges erected by the Dominion Bridge Company Limited
at this time, were those over the St. Lawrence river at Coteau for the
Grand Trunk Railway System, and at Lachine for the Canadian Pacific
Railway Company, both of which structures presented some very
difficult erection problems.

The majority of bridges on the Transcontinental system, including
some of the highest steel viaducts in Canada, were erected under his
supervision, and five years ago, he left the Dominion Bridge Company
to make his home in Vancouver. When he arrived there, he was fre-
quently consulted about erection work and carried on business for the
Canadian railways in an independent way. He was engaged by the
Canadian Pacific Railway Company, in the erection work of their
bridge at Towley, Alberta and it was on this structure that he was seized
with what proved to be his fatal illness. C. F. Draper, engineer in
charge, took care of him and hoped that by removing him comfortably
to his home in Vancouver, his recovery would be assured, but he never
rallied, and died on December 11th, a few days after his active and
effective work on the bridge.

The late Mr. Finley leaves an enviable and distinguished record
in his own particular line, especially in his methods of erection by the
floating system. The launching of the large spans of the Lachine
bridge, (C.P.R.), in 1913, confronted him with a most difficult problem,
but its erection took place on scheduled time and without loss of pres-
tige to the erector who was warmly congratulated by the engineers in
charge. He was well known to all engineers throughout Canada, and
not only held their admiration and respect, but also enjoyed the affec-
tionate friendliness always extended by those who worked with him,
and who knew him as "Reliable Jim".

Canadian Trade Index

The 1923-1924 issue of the Canadian Trade Index, compiled and
published by the Canadian Manufacturers' Association, is now available.
This volume is issued in four parts. Part one is devoted to an alpha-
betical list of manufacturers with addresses, branches, export represent-
atives, trade marks and branches. Part two is a directory of the
manufacturers of Canada, classified according to articles made, the
exporters being distinguished by an asterisk. Part three is a directory
of agricultural products and allied lines, giving a list of forwarding
agents and export merchants. Part four contains an alphabetical list
in French of the headings in part two with parallel English, and in
Spanish. A review of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association organ-
ization and services is also included, and a list giving figures showing
the value of Canadian materials and products, classified under forty
headings for 1920. The gross value of goods made in Canada for
that year amounted to over four billion dollars.

The primary object of the publishers of this index has been to
provide all buyers of manufactured goods with a dependable list of
the articles made in Canada and the names of the manufacturers
making them. This issue contains approximately twelve hundred new
headings, and the names of over two thousand new manufacturing
firms, a total of ten thousand five hundred.

The information contained in this volume is a real asset to the
people of Canada, and of particular value to the business realm. The
Canadian Manufacturers Association is to be congratulated on the
excellence of this publication.

Harbour Construction in South-West Africa

The work of constructing a harbour at Walvis Bay is now well in
hand, and it is anticipated that by the end of 1923 two or three ships
will be accommodated alongside the wharf. A deep channel has been
dredged, and the expenditure on the development of the port is expected
to amount to three-quarters of a million.

This sum includes the provision of a water supply. The pipe-line
has been surveyed and will be about 20 miles long, and will cost approxi-
mately £50,000. The only water available at present is condensed
sea water, involves an annual expenditure to the South-West African
Administration of between £12,000 and £14,000. The present supply
is approximately 10,000 gallons a day, but under the new scheme the
town will be supplied with 500,000 gallons daily.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Provincial Road Statistics

In a recent statement the Canadian Good Roads Association
published the following statistics relative to the expenditures on
highways in the various provinces.

Province of Manitoba

The amounts expended by the province of Manitoba for road
work performed under the operations of the Good Roads Act of the
province, as compiled by A. McGillivray, a.m.e.i.c, highway com-
missioner, are as follows:

New
Year Construction Maintenance

1920 $2,452,694.00 $15,600.00

1921 2,514,464.82 22,500.00

1922 1,682,205.16 28,218.00

1923 883,320.00 45,000.00

Total road mileage 74,000 miles

Mileage open for traffic, approximately 25,600 miles

Mileage improved to end of season 1922 under the

Good Roads Act of the province 3,050 miles

Note: — The above expenditures represent the amount spent on
roads improved by the province and the various municipalities under
the provisions of the Good Roads Act, only. No record is available
in the provincial department of the amount spent for construction or
maintenance annually, by the rural municipalities on other roads.

The expenditures above given for maintenance represent the
amount spent in improving such roads that have been designated as
provincial highways and towards which the province assumes two-
thirds of the cost of maintenance.

Expenditures for 1923 are to August 31st.

Province of Ontario

G. C. Parker, a.m.e.i.c, departmental secretary of the Department
of Public Highways of Ontario, supplies the following information
regarding expenditures on roads in that province:

County roads. 1920

Counties' share $3,443,137.35

Provincial grants. . . 2,295,424.90

1921

$4,581,270.22

3,054,180.25

1922

$3,666,935.34

2,444,623.50

Total

Provincial county roads.

Counties' share

Provincial grants. . .

Total

Township roads.

Townships' share. . .
Provincial grant. . . .

Total

Provincial highways.

Counties' share

Province's share. . . .

5,738,562.25 7,635,450.47 6,111,558.84

887,345.27
1,331,017.90

1,377,135.18
2,065,702.74

1,269,187.12
1,903,780.64

2,218,363.17 3,442,837.92 3,172,967.76

1,327,190.34
340,973.38

2,757,363.42
708,486.91

2,780,776.02
722,813.24

1,668,163.72 3,465,850.33 3,503,589.26

990,753.88
3,963,016.23

2,000,228.70
8,000,914.78

2,447,198.95
9,788,795.83

Total 4,953,770.11 10,001,143.48 12,235,994.78

Summary for 1920, 1921 and 1922.

Total expenditure $64,148,252.09

Counties and townships 27,528,521.79

Province 36,619,730.30

The mileage of travelled roads in the southern portion the
province, i.e. the part covered by county and township organization,
is 49,875.7. The total mileage of improved roads up to the end of
1922 was approximately 28,000, or 56 per cent of the total road mileage".

Province of Quebec

J. L. Boulanger, deputy minister of highways for the province of
Quebec, forwards the following succinct statement showing in round
figures the total amounts expended by the province for road work in
the years given:

New
Year Construction

1919-20 $ 3,700,000

1920-21 5,350,000

1921-22 5,300,000

1922-23 5,800,000

1923-24 (anticipated) 5,600,000

Renewals

Maintenance

Total

$ 100,000

$1,000,000

$ 4,800,000

200,000

1,000,000

6,550,000

165,000

875,000

6,340,000

1,600,000

1,100,000

8,500,000

1,900,000

1,300,000

8,800,000

Total $25,750,000 $3,965,000 $5,275,000 $34,990,000

Total road mileage, province of Quebec .... 45,000 miles
Total road mileage improved in the province of Quebec up to 1922:

Earth roads 15,000 miles

Gravel, macadam, concrete, etc 4,660 miles

Province of Alberta

J. D. Robertson, a.m.e.i.c, deputy minister of roads for the
province of Alberta, supplied the following information: —

Roads

Year Construction

1920 $ 651,615.22

1921 1,294,883.78

1922 569,747.90

1923 (estimated) 250,000.00

Bridges

1920 518,196.65

1921 602,048.58

1922 501,899.52

1923 (estimated) 310,000.00

Ferry service

1920 22,673.18

1921 69,495.24

1922 7,085.07

1923 (estimated) 12,500.00

Miles of continuously graded road 16,000

Miles of road improved and opened for traffic but not contin-
uously graded throughout 28,500

Miles of prairie trail 15,500

Miles of legal road allowance in the settled portions of the

province not yet opened for traffic 80,000

Maintenance
$313,992.53

115,842.83
57,395.43

130,000.00

76,017.73
52,724.63
45,000.00

64,336.53
22,177.66
60,507.50
62,500.00

Total

$ 965,607.75

1,410,726.61

627,143.33

380,000.00

518,196.65
678,066.11
554,624.15
355,000.00

87,009.71
91,672.90
67,592.57
75,000.00

Total mileage in the settled portions of the province only 140,000

Province of Nova Scotia

R. W. McColough, chief engineer of the provincial Highway Board ,
reports as follows on highway construction in the province of Nova
Scotia:

Expenditure

on roads

reconstructed

solely with

provincial

funds

1920 $ 888,737.26 $1,300,620.15

1921 1,387,234.79 724,572.71

1922 1,534,578.08 529,697.97

1923 1,300,000.00 360,000.00

Year

Expenditure

on roads
reconstructed
to Dominion
aid standard

Maintenance Totals

$ 748,504.61 $2,937,862.02

591,517.11 2,703,324.61

530,437.67 2,594,713.72

1,350,000.00 3,010,000.00

Grand total $11,245,900.35

Note: — The above amounts do not include monies expended

for construction and maintenance of bridges and culverts.

Total mileage of D. A. roads constructed and under

construction at Dec. 31st, 1922 467.67 miles

Approximate mileage 1923 programme 200.00

Total mileage Dominion. aid roads 667.67

Provincial loan mileage constructed (1920) 1,318 miles

(1921) 500 "

(1922) 633 "

proposed (1923) 300 "

total mileage (reconstructed) 2,751

Total mileage of all roads, province of Nova Scotia 15,000 miles

Province of Prince Edward Island

H. H. Shaw, a.m.e.i.c, chief engineer, forwards the following report
on the total amount expended by the province of Prince Edward Island
for road work:

New
Year Construction Renewals Maintenance Total

1920 $ 105,527.12 $ 44,423.48 $ 85,363.96 $ 235,314.56

1921 288,479.55 39,742.43 88,301.85 416,523.83

1922 289,656.15 18,258.42 78,979.25 386,893.82

1923 (anticipt'd) 250,000.00 20,000.00 92,000.00 362.000,00

Total road mileage 3,650 miles

Total road mileage improved 300 miles

Province of British Columbia

The total amount expended by the Province of British Columbia
for road work, as reported by J. Philip, public works engineer, is given
hereunder:

New Renewals and

Year Construction Maintenance Total

1920-21 $1,487,624.57 $1,494,473.57 $2,982,097.14

1921-22 1,620,018.73 1,273,682.70 2,893,701.43

1922-23 1,875,495.40 1,407,589.59 3,283,084.99

1923-24 (anticipated) . . 2,015,000.00 1,326,500.00 3,341,500.00
Total road mileage province of British Columbia 15,969.31 miles

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Province of New Brunswick

B. M. Hill, m.e.i. c, provincial road engineer for New
Brunswick, furnishes these figures showing the total amounts expended
by the province of New Brunswick for road work:

New

1920 Construction Maintenance Total

Roads $1,340,000 $407,000 $1,747,000

Bridges 550,000 322,000 872,000

1921

Roads 1,220,000 410,000 1,630,000

Bridges 730,000 370,000 1,100,000

1922

Roads 860,000 290,000 1,150,000

Bridges 400,000 265,000 665,000

1923 Not compiled.

Total mileage province of New Brunswick 15,000 miles

Trunk roads 3,600 "

Byroads 11,400 "

Total road mileage improved, prov. of N. B 5,000 "

Trunk roads 2,000 "

Byroads 3,000 "

Province of Saskatchewan

H. S. Carpenter, m.e.i.c, deputy minister of highways for the
province of Saskatchewan, supplied the following information of the
expenditure of the Department of Highways for the years 1920, 1921
and 1922, and the estimated expenditure for the year 1923. These
expenditures include the construction, renewal and maintenance of
roads and bridges and the ferry system, and also cover the surveying
of new and old roads:

1920 $1,689,780.00

1921 2,389,018.00

1922 2,098,000.00

1923 (estimated) 2,118,000.00

With regard to expenditure upon maintenance; from the above
sums it may be said that the Department expends $400,000 per annum
on maintenance of roads, bridges and ferries.
Road Mileage

Provincial highway system 7,000 miles

Main market roads 25,000 miles

Lateral and feeder roads 170,000 miles

The estimated total of the provincial highway system completed
by the end of 1923 was 1,075 miles. Practically the whole of the
main market road mileage is improved.

Announcement of Meeting

* — ..

Canadian Engineering Standard Association

Meeting of Main Committee

A meeting of the Main Committee of the Canadian Engineering
Standards Association was held in Ottawa on November 5th, under
the chairmanship of H. H. Vaughan, m.e.i.c.

The committee unanimously approved of the formation of a
sub-committee to prepare specifications for steel structures for buildings,
the members of which are being nominated by The Engineering Institute
of Canada, the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, the steel
fabricating companies, and other bodies interested. It will be the
duty of this sub-committee to prepare specifications similar in scope
to the C.E.S.A., specifications for railway and highway bridges, but
dealing with steel structures for buildings, and it is hoped that such
specifications, if agreed upon by all concerned, may eventually be
adopted by public and municipal bodies engaged in the formulation
of building codes in Canada. Arrangements are being made to provide
for this sub-committee as full information as possible concerning the
activities of the bodies now engaged in similar work in the United
States.

A report of the proceedings of the conference called by the Minister
of Trade and Commerce, held in Ottawa in May, on which represent-
atives from the various provinces sat to consider the best method of
procedure looking to the eventual formation of a Canadian Electrical
Code governing the manufacture and installation of electrical fittings
and appliances, was presented. After discussion, the report was
approved, and in accordance with its recommendations, it was decided
to proceed at once with the formation of a C.E.S.A., committee on
Canadian Electrical Code, on which the various provincial governments
will be asked to name representatives, this Committee being empowered
to arrange for the formation of the necessary provincial or local sub-
committees to deal with the situation as it exists in the various provinces
and cities of the Dominion.

Attention was drawn to the forthcoming World Power Conference,
which is to be held in London in 1924, and the committee expressed
its hearty support of this project, and directed the Secretary to assist
as far as possible in the formation of the National Committee for the
Dominion of Canada, which is being organized under the direction
of the deputy minister of the Interior.

._.„_„„_„._., — , , „^

Further information may be secured from the Secretaries
of the various branches, whose addresses will be found under
"Officers of Branches" on page 2 of The Journal.

Peterborough Branch: —

Secretary, R. C. Flillon, A.M.E.I.C.

Jan. 10th. Address on "Town Planning", by H. L. Seymour, M.E.I.C,
Town Planning Engineer, Toronto, Ont.

Jan. 24th. Lecture on some subject in connection with steam boilers,
by T. H. Fenner, a.m.e.i.c, chief engineer, General
Accident 'Assurance Company, Toronto, Ont.

Feb. 6th. Address on "Asphalt and its Uses in Highway Construc-
tion", by G. C. Graham, district engineer of the Asphalt
Association.

Feb. 28th. Address on "The Testing and Inspection Work of the
Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario", by W. P.
Dobson, m.e.i.c, laboratory engineer, H.E.P.C., Toronto.

Winnipeg Branch: —

Secretary-Treasurer, P. Burke-Gaffney, A.M.E.I.C.

Jan. 3rd. Address on "The Composition of Matter", by Rev. Father
Morton.

Jan. 17th. Annual Meeting — Association of Professional Engineers.

Feb. 7th. Address on "Electric Steam Boilers", by Mr. De Kermor.

Feb. 21st. Address on "Mechanical Equipment of Packing Houses",
by W. J. Cummings.

Saskatchewan Branch:—

Secretary-Treasurer, D. A. R. McCannel, A.M.E.I.C.

Jan. 10th. Address on "The Hudson Bay Route", by J. A. Campbell,
Commissioner Northern Manitoba.

Jan. 24th. Joint Meeting with Engineering Society of University of
Saskatchewan by telephone. Address to be delivered in
Saskatoon.

Feb. 7th. Address on "The Coal Fields of Saskatchewan, the
Advantages and Disadvantages of Generating Power at
Pit Head", by J. B. Hamilton, a.m.e.i.c, town engineer,
Estevan, Sask.

Feb. 21st. Short addresses by several members.

Toronto Branch :—

Secretary, J. A. Knight, A.M.E.I.C.

Jan. 3rd. No meeting.

Jan. 10th. Address on "Public Health Machinery of Canada", by
Dr. J. A. Amyot, Deputy Minister of Health, Canada.

Jan. 17th. Address on "Public Speaking for Engineers", by Professor
W. H. Greaves, Victoria College. Professor Greaves
instructs students in Victoria College and in the Faculty
of Applied Science and Engineering of the University of
Toronto, in the art of public speaking.

Jan. 24th. Address on "Recent Northern Expeditions", by John D.
Craig, M.E.I.C, officer in charge of Arctic Expeditions,
Department of the Interior, Canada. Illustrated by moving
pictures

Jan. 31st. Address on "The Great Lakes and a Few of the Structures
Thereon", by Lt.-Col. H. J. Lamb, D.S.O., M.E.I.C,
supervising engineer for the province of Ontario, Depart-
ment of Public Works of Canada. Illustrated.

Niagara Peninsula Branch: —

Secretary, R. W. Downie, A.M.E.I.C.

Jan. 9th. Dinner meeting at the Hotel Reeta, Welland. "A Series
of papers on Electrical Subjects."

Feb. 1st. Annual Dance at N : agara Falls.

Feb. 12th. Dinner meeting at the Welland Inn, St. Catherines,
"Asphalt Paving," by Germain P. Graham, of the Asphalt
Association.

Investigation Commission on Compensation in Labour Accidents

The Government of the Province of Quebec, under the authority
of the Act 13 George V, chapter 38, has recently created a Commission
charged with the duty of inquiring into the conditions of labour in
this Province with regard to compensation in labour accidents.

The Commissioners have begun their investigation, and has
invited all persons, syndicates, associations, companies, or organiza-
tions whatsoever to communicate by writing the suggestions and
remarks which they might deem opportune in order to render the
legislation on this matter as perfect as possible. With this end in
view the commission has addressed a letter and a questionnaire to a
large number of persons and associations.

There is a possibility of the commission not reaching all those
desirous of being heard. It would be happy to receive communications
even from those who have not been specially invited to give any.

Copies of the letter and questionnaire may be secured on applica-
tion to the secretary, Alf. Crowe, 415 St. Paul Street, Quebec.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

i
,$, —

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

,._.. 4

Transactions, Proceedings, Etc.

Presented by the Societies.

Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Volume

XL IX, No. 10, December 1923.
Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Volume

LXXXVI, 1923.
Proceedings of the Engineers' Societv of Western Pennsylvania,

Volume 39, No. 8, November 1923.
Transactions of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in

Scotland, Volume LXVI, 1922-1923.
Transactions of the Engineering Association of Malaya, Volume

II, 1922.
Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, December

1922, Nos. 11-13, February 1923, Nos. 14-19, June 1923,

Nos. 20-24 and August 1923, Nos. 25-31.

Reports

Presented by British Cast Iron Research Association.

Bureau Bulletin of the British Cast Iron Research Association,

Volume 1, No. 2, April 1923.
Presented by Natural Resources Intelligence Service, Depart-
ment of the Interior, Canada.
Canada. Natural Resources and Commerce.
Presented by Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Canada.

Statistics of Steam Railways of Canada, for the year ended

December 31, 1922.
Presented by Department of Public Works, Province of British
Columbia.
Report "of the Minister of Public Works of the Province of British

Columbia for the fiscal year 1922-1923.
Presented by la Sociedad Cubana de Ingenieros, Cuba.

Census of the Republic of Cuba, 1919.
Presented by United States Geological Survey, Dept. of the
Interior.
Outline of Ground-Water Hydrology with definitions. Water-

Supply paper 494.
Reports. for 1922 on clay; talc and soapstone; tin; platinum and

allied metals; potash; phosphate rock; gypsum; silver, copper,

lead and zinc in the Central States, and for coal in 1919, 1920

and 1921.
Presented by Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce,
Washington, D.C.
United States Government specification for water-resisting red

enamel, specification No. 66, and for leather belting, specific-
ation No. 37.
Sources of Elementary Radio Information, circular No. 122,

September 12, 1923.
A Study of Radio Signal Fading, scientific paper No. 476,

September 25, 1923.
Tests of Heavily Reinforced Concrete Slab Beams: Effect of

Direction of Reinforcement on Strength and Deformaii >n,

technologic paper No. 233.
Some Compressive Tests of Hollow-Tile Walls, technologic paper

No. 238.
Tests of Caustic Magnesia Made From Magnesite from Several

Sources, technologic paper No. 239.
Detector for Water Vapor in Closed Pipes, technologic paper

No. 242.
Visibility of Radiant Energy, scientific paper No. 475.
Presented by Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior,
Washington, D.C.
The Electrothermic Metallurgy of Zinc, by B. M. O'Harra,

bulletin No. 208.
Bibliography of Petroleum and Allied Substances, 1921, by E. H.

Burroughs, bulletin No. 220.
Manual for Oil and Gas Operations, by T. E. Swigart and C. E.

Beecher, bulletin No. 232.
Smoke Abatement, technical paper No. 273.
Water-Gas Tar Emulsions, technical paper No. 304.
Leaching Nonsulphide Copper Ores with Sulphur Dioxide, technical

paper No. 312.
Tests of a Powdered-Coal Plant, technical paper No. 316.

Technical Books.

Presented by Chapman & Hall, Limited.

Engineering Science, by Arthur G. Robson, A.M.I. Mech. E.
Presented by John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.

Kent's Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, by the late Wm. Kent,
M.E.I Sc.D., tenth edition, re-written by Robert Thurston

Kent, M.E., editor-in-chief and a staff of specialists.
Elementary Steam Power Engineering, by Edgar MacNaughton,

M.E.
Technical Writing, by T. A. Rickard, 2nd edition, re-written and

enlarged.
Elementary Surveying, by Charles B. Breed and George L. Hosmer,

volume 1, fifth edition.
Elements of Engineering Thermodynamics, by James A. Moyer,

James P. Calderwood and Andrey A. Potter, 2nd edition

revised.
Machine Design Drawing Room Problems, by C. D. Albert, M.E.

Elements of Machine Design (Second edition)

By Dexter S. Kimball arid John H. Barr.
Reviewed by Arthur H. Roberts, M.Sc, A.M.E.I.C.

This book is the outcome of the teaching experience of the authors
who are acknowledged authorities on the subject of machine design.

The book is primarily a text-book intended for the use of students
and teachers, noteworthy features being the stress laid upon the fun-
damental principles of design, the discussions by the authors of practical
considerations in design and the free use of illustrative examples worked
out in the text.

While it is assumed that the reader has a knowledge of the mecha-
nics of materials and machines, the first two chapters following the
introduction are devoted to these subjects and the last chapter, which
occupies but eight pages, deals with the elements of balancing. The
emain sixtee3uin chapters are devoted to machine design, the topics
ncluding friction and bearings, shafts, springs, pipas, fastenings, toothed
gearing, belts, ropes, chains, flywheels, rotating disks, and machine
frames.

In the revision of the first edition the authors have made few
additions or changes with the exception of the adoption of a more
logical arrangement of the subject matter.

The book is published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.

Automatic Sprinkler Protection

By Gorham Dana, S.B.
Reviewed by Donald Ross-Ross, A.M.E.I.C.

The library of the Institute has been presented by the publishers ;
John Wiley and Sons Inc., with a copy of the third edition of "Automa-
tic Sprinkler Protection" by Gorham Dana.

The book, which is of especial interest to engineers as well as those
men associated with fire insurance, gives an historical sketch of the
progress of sprinkler protection from the perforated pipe system up to
the present day highly efficient head. Mr. Dana gives a brief description
of the multitude of heads that have been patented, pointing out the best
features and defects of each. The various insurance regulations regard-
ing installations and testing of heads are thoroughly gone into, and
suitable layouts for various building conditions pointed out. Other
important features of fire protection and detection, alarm valves, dry
valves, supervisory systems, are fully described.

Some of the most interesting sections in the book are those contain-
ing statistical comparisons between fires in buildings with sprinkler
protection and those without.

Mr. Dana is manager of the Underwriters' Bureau of New England
and writes from a vast amount of experience. His book, which appeared
in its first edition in 1914, was revised in 1919 and finally brought up to
date in this third edition, is exceedingly interesting throughout and
would well repay anyone his time to read it.

Trade Publications

Link-Belt Limited has issued a new book, No. 660, on chain and
chain application which should be of particular interest to pulp and
paper and saw mill operators. It is well illustrated and in its 128
pages is to be found useful information describing the various types
and classes of chains used in this industry. In addition it covers,
briefly, such equipment as the electric hoist, locomotive and crawler
cranes, belt conveyors, coal handling equipment, log stackers, sprockets,
clutches, etc. Copies may be secured from the Link-Belt Company,
910 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago.

Fulton Iron Works Company Inc., St. Louis,. Mo., have recently
issued a new catalogue, No. 805, describing Fulton-Diesel engines.
This catalogue has been prepared in a very attractive form with a
considerable number of large illustrations and diagrams.

"Wave Transmission of Power."

A reprint of an article published in The Engineer, London, England,
describing the wave transmission of power has been pn
circulation. Copies of the same may be secured upon application to
Mr. Walter Haddon, c/o John Haddon & Company, Salisbury Square,
Fleet Street, London, E.C. 4.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

V-

CORRESPONDENCE

Employment Service Appreciated

The Engineering Journal.

Dear Sir: —

We wish to thank you for your co-operation in assisting us to
obtain some mechanical men through your engineering Journal. We
were able to employ one man through this medium and have found
his services very satisfactory.

We believe that engineering firms in Canada should use your
Journal more frequently and hope that you may be able to develop
this phase of your work.

Thanking you again for your courtesy in this regard, we are,

Yours very truly,

Dominion Bridge Company Limited,

(Signed) Alexander Peden,
Chief Draughtsman.

Measurement of Flow of Water in Closed Conduits.

An interesting article by Norman R. Gibson, M.E.i.c, hydraulic
engineer, the Niagara Falls Power Company, describing the Gibson
method and apparatus for measuring the flow of water in closed conduits,
appears in the December issue of Mechanical Engineering.

The purpose of the paper is to elucidate a new method of deter-
mining the rate of discharge or quantity of water flowing in a pipe or
other closed conduit, and to describe the apparatus used for the practical
application of this method in testing the efficiencies of water wheels
in hydro-electric plants. The procedure in the field is explained, as
well as the manner of recording, delineating, and measuring the pressure-
time diagram from which the discharge is calculated.

Prince Rupert, B. C. to have new Pulp Mill

The Emerson timber limits and saw-mill in the vicinity of Prince
Rupert, B.C., has been taken over by the Prince Rupert Sulphite Fibre
Company, Limited, which was organized recently for this purpose.
The company has had plans prepared for a ninety-ton bleached sulphite
pulp mill and the machinery for the plant has been ordered. It is
expected that it will be seven or eight months before the machinery
will arrive, and in the meantime the work of constructing eight rein-
forced concrete buildings to house the plant will go ahead, so that
they may be ready for the machinery when it arrives.

Power Development on Riviere du Loup

A possible power development in the near future is that on the
Riviere du Loup, county of Maskinonge, about seventy miles north
east of Montreal. The site is located near St. Paulin, in the county
of Maskinonge, and involves the construction of dam and power house
to produce 21,000 horse power, which could be considerably augmented
by later extensions.

Power Company changes Name

The name of the Central Quebec Power Company is being changed
by supplementary letters patent to the Algonquin Power Company.
This change follows the recent announcement in the Quebec Official
Gazette to the effect that the capital of the company had been increased
from one million to two million dollars.

Island Portage Transmission Line Tenders Called

The Hollinger Consolidated Gold Mines have called for tenders
for construction on their Timmins sub-station. Tenders are also
wanted on the erection of the steel tower transmission line from Island
Portage to Timmins. The work on the Hollinger power development
at Island Falls has been greatly facilitated by the lateness of the cold
weather, and it is reported that the dam will be completed in ample
time to permit of the installation of equipment before the end of
nineteen twenty-four.

Construction of Section 8, Welland Ship^Canal

Tenders are being called for the construction of Section 8, Welland
Ship Canal, by the Department of Railways and Canals, and will be
received until January 15th, 1924. Plans, specifications and form of
contract to be entered into can be seen at the office of the chief engineer
of the Department of Railways and Canals, Ottawa, and at the office
of the engineer in charge, Welland Ship Canal, St. Catharines, Ont.

Canadian Highway Association

The Canadian Highway Association, an active body of good roads
supporters, has the custody of a gold medal to be presented to the first
motorist who makes the journey from Halifax to Victoria, B. C, on
the Canadian side of the international line. It has been presented by
Alderman A. E. Todd, of Victoria, a pioneer in the world of horseless
traction, who was the pathfinder of the Pacific Highway, that wonderful
paved road over 1,680 miles long which stretches from Vancouver, B. C,
through the States of Washington, Oregon and California, to the state
line at Tia Juana in lower California. That great enterprise took
13 years to complete. It may be that the motorist will yet be able
to travel from Halifax to the Pacific Coast without touching American
territory, by plain and forest, stream and mountain to claim this award.

With the anticipated construction of the last link in the trans-
provincial highway 'in British Columbia, either through the Hope
mountains 100 miles east of Vancouver, which form a spur of the Coast
range, or by way of the historic Fraser canyon, communication will
be established with Winnipeg by road. As the Winnipeg-Kenora work
is steadily progressing, and efforts are being made to connect with
Fort William, only the great loop along the North of Lake Superior
will remain to be constructed.

Jetty Construction at Vancouver

Contracts for the construction of grain-carrying jetty for No. 1
elevator, at Vancouver, B.C., have been awarded to Northwest Dredg-
ing Company for dredging and the Pacific Construction Company for
substructure. The construction work will commence at once. The
cost of the jetty will be in the neighbourhood of six hundred thousand
dollars.

The county of Peterborough have called for tenders for the con-
struction of a concrete arch bridge at Lakefield, Ontario. The bridge
is to consist of two open spandrel arch spans of 109 feet and 84 feet
with 20-foot roadway and one 6-foot sidewalk, the total estimated
quantity of concrete being 658.3 cubic yards.

Construction Costs from Wentworth County, Ontario

At the meeting of the Wentworth County Council on the 11th
inst., Major Hugh Lumsden, M.E.i.c, county engineer, presented his
first annual report. He surprised the councillors by furnishing each
with a copy, complete with maps and pictures artistically arranged.
Costs were very favourable, some of the items being: — Concrete at
$2.32 per square yard, stone $1.60 to $1.85 per ton, gravel 50 cents to
$1.90 per cubic yard, according to haulage, concrete in place in bridges
and culverts $10.50 to $16.50 per cubic yard. The engineer's auto-
mobile cost 8 cents per mile, and travelled 12,300 miles.

A traffic census taken in October showed that in one day 701
vehicles drove over the Stoney Creek road, 440 over Barton street,
124 on the Greensville road, 443 on the Guelph road detour, and 176
on the Tapleytown road.

Construction of Water Purification Plant

The Essex Border Utilities Commission, of which J. Clark Keith
A.M.E.I.C, is chief engineer, has called for tenders for the construction
of a water purification plant in Ford City, Ont. The contracts for
which these tenders have been called are: —

(a) Construction of reinforced concrete filters, coagulating basins,
pure water reservoir, office building, etc.

(b) Supplying 42" diameter steel pipe.

(d) Supplying valves and sluice gates.

(e) Supplying rate controllers and operating tables.

Canada's Position in Power Development

An interesting comparison of water power and fuel power developed,
and the use of electricity per capita, in Canada and the United States,
has been published by the Department of the Interior, Ottawa, quoting
statistics recently published in the United States with the exception
that the Canadian figures are slightly modified to correspond with
the final figures of the last Census of Population and the final figures
of the last Census of Central Stations.

Canada United
States
Total electric output in kilowatt-hours per head

of population 683 472

Dwellers in electric lighted abodes in per cent

of total population 37.1 36.8

Water power developed in horse-power per

1000 of population 338 90

Hydro-electric v. fuel plants: — ■

Water power, per cent of total 88.1 23.7

Fuel power, per cent of total 11.9 76.3

The output of electric energy in kilowatt hours per capita for the
countries leading in this respect stands as follows: Switzerland, 700;
Canada, 683; Norway, 493; United States, 472; Sweden, 364.

January, 1924

THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

He Perrot-Vaudreuil Second Bridge

Tenders will be called soon for the construction of a second bridge
between He Perrot and Vaudreuil.

The second bridge will be larger than the first, which has just
been completed, and will measure some fourteen hundred feet in
length.

Rebuilding Great Western Railway Station at Swansea

The rebuilding of the Great Western Railway High-street Station
at Swansea, estimated to cost about £350,000, is to be started imme-
diately. The rebuilding will require about three years, and a number
of other extension and improvements, which will cost £150,000 to
to £200,000 more, are included in the scheme. One contract, represent-
ing about £67,500, has already been placed, and others will be let early
next year.

Water Power Schemes in Northern Wales

Interest is given to the schemes for water power in northern Wales
by the announcement that the government is prepared to give guaran-
tees under the Trade Facilities Act in connection with the raising of
the capital required, amounting to £1,600,000. It is believed that the
schemes for the great dam at Trawsfynydd, Merionethshire, and other
works will give employment to about 2,000 men for three years at least.
The water is to be utilized to generate electricity, and, in addition to
the generating plant, the scheme involves the construction of some 600
miles of transmission lines to supply the whole of North Wales and part
of Cheshire. One line will be about 100 miles long, and will carry
current as far as Crewe.

Dawson Valley Irrigation Project in Australia

The Queensland Parliament has approved of the Dawson Valley
irrigation undertaking, estimated to cost approximately £1,968,000.

The scheme comprises a main storage dam, starting in the Dawson
river at Nathan Gorge, which will impound 2,480,000 acre-feet of water.
The water will be carried from the dam by gravitation along the
natural bed of the river to Delusion creek, 27 miles from the dam site,
where the irrigable land begins. From a weir at Delusion creek the
water will ve diverted by main and lateral channels over the whole
area. In connection with the dam it is proposed to establish an hydro-
electric plant to be operated by the water as it comes from the sluices.

Tunnel to Connect Liverpool and Birkenhead, England

The consulting engineers in connection with the project for a
highway tunnel under the river Mersey to connect the cities of Liver-
poo! and Birkenhead, England, are Sir Maurice Fitzmaurice, M.E.i.c,
Basil Mott and John Brodie. The projected tunnel provides for a
single bore forty-four feet inside diameter. It would be located a
little downstream from the Mersey Railway tunnel, and would have
a river length of about four thousand feet with long approaches or
grades of five per cent for light traffic and street cars and three per
cent for a lateral approach carrying heavy traffic of the docks district.
At the centerline of the tunnel section would be a thirty-six-foot deck
wide enough for four lines of vehicles and two narrow sidewalks. Two
supporting w ? alls for this deck would form a central section for street
cars and two side sections for ventilating ducts. About seventeen
feet above the upper deck would be a flat roof or ceiling forming an
air exhaust duct along the top of the tunnel'. It is proposed to have
a£cast-iron shell with interior concrete lining and with grout pumped
to fill all exterior voids. The total cost is estimated at thirty-two
million dollars.

Report of the Oxygen Research Committee

The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, West-
minster, London, S.W.I, have issued a report describing certain aspects
of the work of the Oxygen Research Committee since its appointment
in 1919. The subject matter of the report is arranged under the
following principal headings: ■ — Part 1, The Storage of Liquefied
Gases; Part 2, The Manufacture of Metal Vacuum Vessels for Liquefied
Gases; Part 3, Vacuum Vessels in Use; Part 4, The Transport of Lique-
fied Gases and Compressed Gases; Appendix; Index.

C. G. S. Arctic Returns from Annual Cruise

The 1923 expedition to the Canadian Arctic archipelago, organized
by the Department of the Interior through its North West Territories
and Yukon Branch, has returned, and J. D. Craig, d.l.s., m.e.i.c,
officer in charge, reports that with one exception the several objects
with which the party set out. were accomplished and the expedition
was very successful. Ice conditions prevented the making of a landing
at the site of the proposed post at cape Sabine, Ellesmere island, and
next year's expedition along with its other work will probably again
attempt the establishment of this post.

The work accomplished by this expedition, which made the voyage
on board the famous old steamer, Arctic, included the establishment
of a Royal Canadian Mounted Police post at Pangnirtung, on Cum-
berland sound, Baffin island; the transporting of relief police parties
and supplies to Craig Harbour, and Ponds Inlet; the conviction and
sentence of two of the three Eskimos charged with the murder in
March, 1920, of the Newfoundland trader, Robert S. Janes; visits to
Godhaven and Etah, on the west coast of Greenland; together with
the completion of numerous surveys and comparisons of previous
observations.

The men at the posts were found to be in excellent health and
spirits, and several members of the police detachments volunteered
for a year in addition to their regular two-year service period in the
north.

The expedition covered about 7,250 miles during its three months
absence and in that time it reached a point 78 degrees, 47 minutes
north latitude, which is some 250 miles farther north than was attained
by last year's expedition.

PROPOSED MERSEY RIVER TUBE

"K> 8S 80 75 70 65 60 SS SO 4S

J/5W-JJ4

f,/ r\ /? . to / 7 _Ja^

7 SI*/'"/ Jl sT,«.
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\m\

VY1\\

TTo\

/cO/v' ! "''' I

V /« yto n Da J

BAV

%f^Jjr> <

>
V

YjMf

ODHAVMW

"fe^

65
u

^^ A 'Wif^4 p ^P iK

UNO 1

/ vH ^iVr *
/ mN* t

TJ5 f

-J

70 65 I

C. G. S. Arctic 1923 Cruise.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Addresses Wanted

Any information regarding the addresses of members on the list printed below will be greatly appreciated by the Secretary.

Members

Aitken, F. X.
Allison, J. L.
Canniff, C. M.
Fellows, A. C.
George, F. J.
Macdonald, Chas.
Macpherson, O. C.
Ord, L. R.
Press, W. J.
Welch, Arch.

Associate Members
Adam, Win, A.
Avery, Chas. R.
Bell, Chas. B.
Bene, E. M.
♦Bishop, Reg. W.
Borland, V. J.
*Bowie, Jas.
*Butler, G. A.
Butler, J. K.
*Caddell, W. P.
Campbell, Neil
Chown, R. C. F.
Clarke, Frederick
Clarson, A. S.
Collingwood, Cuthbert
Coltman, Walter J.
Dale, W. P.
Davis, F. M.
de Lestang, Paul L. G.
♦Donaldson, J. M.
Earl, E. A.
Flood, J. G.
Gorrie, D. F.
Graham, D. A.
Habben, L. E.
Hamilton, G. M.
Harries, J. F.
Hay, N. K.
Hay, Wm. W.
Hebert, H. F.
Herren, P. H.
♦Hodgson, H. M. T.
Jamieson, W. T.
Laniel, J. A.
Lepage, J. S.
Lillico, R. S. B.
Lockhart, W. S.
Macdonald, C. A.
Macdonald, John
♦Mackenzie, John A.
♦MacLachlan, J. B.
♦MacLennan, A. L.
Martin, L. A.
McDonald, N. G.
McDiarmid, S. S.
McKenzie, Jas. E.
McLean, J. R.

♦Indicates members

Mercieca, A. L.

Milne, J. E.

Moody, J. A.
♦Muirhead, Thos.

Mulock, R. H.
♦Murphy, P. F.

Newton, C. A.

Nowlan, A.
♦Oborn, S. M.

O'Connor, J. F.
♦O'Learv, H. Gordon
♦Patrick, K. S.

Peck, O. K.
♦Pickering, F. A.

Pinch, H. H.
♦Reynolds, Geo.

Riddall, J. B.
♦Roberts, J. R.

Rodd, B. T.
♦Rowley, H. G.

Saunders, W. L.

Scarnegie, D. A.

Schuster, K. R.
♦Simpson, R.
♦Smith, A. Parker

Smith, H. E. B.
♦Sohier, Raymond

Somers, N. L.

Sprenger, H.
♦Stavert, W. D.
♦Stewart, A. M.

Suttie, Jas. P.
♦Walker, T. M.

Wallis, Newton J.
♦Watts, A. D.

Whittaker, F. J.

Wilkins, S.

Zverina, J.

Juniors

Betournay, J. N.
♦Booth, Chas. D.[G.

Boulton, C. A.
♦Brown, H. L.

Bryant, E.

Burton, E. C.
♦Campbell, W. I. H.
♦Clark, C. R.
♦Clendinning, Jas.
♦Dansereau, J. A.
♦DeCardaillac, G.
♦Draper, W. H.

Dustan, E. B.
♦Fairn, A. S.

Ferris, C. B.

Greening, E. O.

Hughes, H. C.

Igoe, F. J.
♦Jones, J. H.
♦Junkin, R. L.
from whom The Institute has had

♦Keefer, J. A.

Lacroix, P. A.

Lamb, G. J.

Mackenzie, Norman

Mackenzie, R. G.

Mayes, F. L.
♦McNeil, O. M.
♦Mitchell, J. Cameron

Penney, Edgar
♦Richardson, C. E.

Roberts, H. A.

Roscoe, H. M.

Shepard, H. W. R.

Tempest, Frank
♦Wetmore, F. W. C.

Wilson, J. K.

Students
♦Anderson, A. C.

Baker, A. J.

Barnes, F. H.

Bickell, W. A.

Blackall, J. F. W.
♦Bremner, F. E. A.

Brow, J. B.

Brown, E. C.

Brown, L. B.

Buckingham, E. J.

Cameron, G. D. W.
♦Cameron, J. R.

Cassidy, I. B.

Circle, J.

Clark, W. J.

Cockfield, A. E.

Cousineau, C. A.

Cromwell, H. R.
♦Cumming, C. H.

Dawson, J. K.

Deamude, F. V.

dePaul, M. J.

Deschamps, A.

Desmaisons, O.
♦Dickson, W. J.

Dunn, R. G.

Durham, J. B.

Eaton, H. T.

Farnham, D. M.
♦Farrow, J.

Ferguson, G. H.
♦Fessenden, C. V.

Filteau, J. N. L.

Foster, M. G.

Fraser, J. A.
♦Gagnier, O. J.
♦Gagnon, E.

Gannon, L. J.

Garrett, A. R.
♦Glanville, J. C.

Glave, R. B.
♦Graham, D. S.
no definite word and no address since the war.

Grant, W. R.

Guenther, W. F.

Haley, J. P.
♦Hammer-Schou, J.
♦Harris, R. W.
♦Hayman, L. T.

Hendershot, R. W.

Henderson, D. A.

Heurtley, E. S.

Hovey, L. M.

Hunter, W. H.
♦Jaffary, J. H. E.

Kennedy, C. L.

Laurin, J. E.
♦Macheras, J. P.

MacLeod, C. H.
♦Macpherson, H. E.

Martin, B. E.

McCallum, F. L.
♦McDonald, J. N.
♦Mclnnes, W. A.
♦Mcintosh, W. L.
♦Mignault, L.

Murphy, A. E.

Murray, Jas.

Noonan, W. H.

Pearse, H. A.
♦Peterkin, S. M.
♦Plant, W. A.
♦Pym, J. S.

Reeve, C. L.

Rowan, J. C.

Rumble, G. R.

Rundle, W. L.
♦Ryan, C. C.

Scovil, J. L.
♦Seymour, E. R. W.
♦Shannon, R. E.
♦Sime, A. W.

Simons, J. J.

Simpson, R. L.
♦Spears, D. C.

Sperr-\ W. A.
♦Staples, G. J.
♦Stewart, A. E.

Stewart, M. G.

Stewart, V.
♦Sutherland, D. M.

Tansley, W.

Taylor, F. H.

Townsend, J. H.

Vanier, Geo.

Webster, R. C. P.

Whitlock, W. H.

Williams, A. S.
♦Williscroft, G. M.

Wilson, F. E.
♦Wood, H. A.
♦Woollatt, D. H.

Wyman, M. B.

Publications

Electrical Equipment of the Motor Car; by David Penn Moreton
and Darwin S. Hatch; published by the U.P.C. Book Company, Inc.
of New York. A complete textbook of four hundred and eighty-foui
pages of reading matter, together with two hundred and fifty-six blue-
prints of wiring diagrams, has recently been published by this com-
pany and provides a general working guide on the installation, care
and repair of the starting, lighting and ignition systems of all cars.
The book is bound in the form of the regular engineering handbook
and contains a large number of diagrams together with photographic
reproductions of parts of well known motor cars.

"Burning Liquid Fuel", by William N. Best,' published by the
U.P.C. Book Company, Incorporated, is a practical treaties on the
perfect combustion of oils and tars, giving analyses, calorific values
and heating temperatures of various gravities with information on the
design and proper installation of equipment for all classes of service.
The volume contains three hundred and thirty-six pages and is very
completely illustrated and it should prove valuable in view of the cur-
rent interest in this subject.

Heat Transmission through Walls, Concretes and Plasters.. — This
report has been prepared for the Building Research Board of the
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, England,
by Dr. Ezer Griffiths, of the National Physical Laboratory, and consists
of a description of experiments for the determination of the thermal
conductivities of representative wall materials, plasters and concretes.
A brief account of heat transmission experiments which have recently
been carried out on the continent is given in appendices to the
repor t .

Trade Publication

Power — Is Application from the 17th, Dynasty to the 20th Century.
This interesting booklet, which is a reprint of the address by F. L. Morse,
president of the Morse Chain Company, at the 26th annual convention
of the American Mining Congress, Milwaukee, September 27th, 1923,
will be forwarded to members of the Institute on application to Messrs.
Jones and Glassco, Registered, St. Nicolas Building, Montreal. The
booklet traces the evolution of mechanical devices and power trans-
mission from the early ages and is well illustrated throughout.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Preliminary Notice

of Applications for Admission and for Transfer

December 17th, 1923.

The By-laws now provide that the Council of the Institute shall
approve, classify and elect candidates to membership and transfer
from one grade of membership to a higher.

It is also provided that there shall be issued to all corporate members
a list of the new applicants for admission and for transfer, containing
a concise statement of the record of each applicant and the names
of his references.

In order that the Council may determine justly the eligibility of
each candidate, every member is asked to read carefully the list
submitted herewith and to report promptly to the Secretary any facts
which may affect the classification and election of any of the candidates.
In cases where the professional career of an applicant is known to any
member, such member is specially invited to make a definite recom-
mendation as to the proper classification of the candidate.*

If to your knowledge facts exist which are derogatory to the personal
reputation of any applicant, should be promptly communicated.

Communications relating to applicants are considered by
the Council as strictly confidential.

The Council will consider the applications herein described in

January, 1924.

Fraser S. Keith, Secretary.

'The professional requirements are as follows: —

A Member shall be at least thirty-five years of age, and shall have been engaged
in some branch of engineering for at least twelve years, which period may include
apprenticeship or pupilage in a qualified engineer's office, or a term of instruction in
a school of engineering recognized by the council. The term of twelve years may,
at the discretion of the council, be reduced to ten years in the case of a candidate for
election who has graduated from a school of engineering recognized by the council.
In every case the candidate shall have held a position in which he had responsible
charge for at least five years as an engineer qualified to design, direct or report on
engineering projects. The occupancy of a chair as a professor in a faculty of applied
science or engineering, after the candidate has attained the age of thirty years, shall
be considered as responsible charge.

An Associate Member shall be at least twenty-seven years of age, and shall
have been engaged in some branch of engineering for at least six years, which period
may include apprenticeship or pupilage in a qualified engineer's office or a term of
instruction in a school of engineering recognized by the council. In every case a
candidate for election shall have held a position of professional responsibility, in charge
of work as principal or assistant, for at least two years. The occupancy of a chair
as an assistant professor or associate professor in a faculty of applied science of engin-
eering, after the candidate has attained the age of twenty-seven years, shall be con-
sidered as professional responsibility.

Ever}' candidate who has not graduated from a school of engineering recognized
by the council, shall be required to pass an examination before a board of examiners
appointed by the council. The candidate shall be examined on the theory and practice
of engineering with special reference to the branch of engineering in which he has been
engaged. This examination may be waived at the discretion of the council if the
candidate has held a position of professional responsibility for five or more years.

A Junior shall be at least twenty-one years of age, and shall have been engaged
in some branch of engineering for at least four years. This period may be reduced
to one year, at the discretion of the council, if the candidate for election has graduated
from a school of engineering recognized by the council. He shall not remain in the
class of Junior after he has attained the age of thirty-three years.

Every candidate who has not graduated from a school of engineering recognized
by the council, or has not passed the examinations of the first year in such a course,
shall be required to pass an examination in the following subjects: geography, history
(that of Canada in particular), arithmetic, geometry, euclid (books I, IV and VI),
trigonometry, algebra up to and including quadratic equations.

A Student shall be at least seventeen years of age, and shall present a certificate
of having passed successfully an examination equivalent to the final examination of a
high school or the matriculation of an arts or science course. He shall either be
pursuing a course of instruction in a school of engineering recognized by the council,
in which case he shall not remain in the class of student for more than two years after
graduation; or he shall be receiving a practical training in the profession, in which
case he shall pass an examination equal to that prescribed for admission to the grade
of Junior in the foregoing section and he shall not remain in the class of Student after
he has attained the age of twenty-seven years.

An Affiliate shall be one who is not an engineer by profession but whose pursuits,
scientific attainments or practical experience, qualify him to co-operate with engineers
in the advancement of professional knowledge.

The fact that candidates give the names of certain members as references does
not necessarily mean that their applications are endorsed by such members.

FOR ADMISSION

ANDRUS — DONALD ALLAN, of St. Catharines, Ont. Born at Southfleet,
Kent, England, Oct. 6th, 1870; Educ, Crystal Palace School of Practical Engineering,
London, England, 1889; 1890-01, instr'man., dftsman., and gen. rly. mtce. work, Otto-
man Rly. Co. (Smyrna-Arden), Asia Minor. (English Co. head office, London); 1894-
1895, res. engr. on Sokia branch of above rly. and from 1895 : 1900, continuously engaged
in charge of location work and surveys for extension of this rly. through Central Asia

Minor to Konia, on thelineof the proposed Baghdad rly . ; 1901-03, engr. in charge for J. W.
Williamson &Co., contractors, Cairo, Egypt, on contract for widening Suez Canal between
Ismailish and Suez; 1903-11, engaged on contracts secured in own name from Egyptian
govt, for constrn. and mtce. of irrig. works in upper and lower Egypt; 1913-17, chief
engr. for Messrs. Baldry, Yerburgh & Hutchinson Ltd., of London, England, on con-
tract for constrn. of section No. 2, Welland Ship Canal; 1918-20, gen. mgr. and chief
engr., St. Lawrence Dock& Shipbldg. Co., Levis, Que.; At present, gen. mgr. and engr.
in Canada to Sir Wm. Arrol & Co. Ltd., of Glasgow, Scotland.

References: P. B. Motley, A. J. Grant, C. F. Draper, H. M. Scott, F. S. Lazier.

BEATTIE— WILLIAM CAVEN, of 66 Craig Street, Ottawa, Ont. Born at
Gobies, Ont. May 12th, 1886; Educ, Toronto Tech. School. Passed exam, held at S.P.8.
on struct'l. engrg. under Ont. Assn. of Arch'ts.; engrg. work for Darling & Pearson,
John M. Lyle and Chapman & McGiffen; asst. to heating engr., Gurney Foundry
Co., Toronto; 1912-15, mgr. of contracts, steam insulation and refrigeration, Johns-
Mansville Co. Toronto; 1915-19, heating and ventilating engr., Ottawa office, C. A.
Dunham Co. Ltd.; 1919 to date, architect and supt. of bldgs., City of Ottawa, Publio
School Board, Ottawa. _

References: J. A. Ewart, E. B. Jost, R. Henham, T. E. McGrail, W. H. C. Flay,

A. K. Hay, H. E. Maple, A. E. Smaill, J. W. Anderson, T. S. Nash, R. C. Berry, R. F.
Uniacke.

BROSSEAU— JOSEPH CHARLES, of Verdun, Que. Born at Montreal, Que.,
Dec. 17th, 1896; Educ, Grad. Montreal Tech. School, 1919; 1914-16, general survey
work with J. P. B. Casgrain and M. D. Barclay; 1919, transitman and gen. engrg. work,
Montreal Tramways Co.; 1920, mech. dfting., Morgan & Wright, Detroit Mich., and
Wayagamack Pulp & Paper Co. Three Rivers, Que.; 1921 to date, asst. to H. Hadley,
A. ME. I.C., city engr. of Verdun, Que.

References: H. Hadley, M. D. Barclay, A. L. Ghysens, P. Bailey, B. Vernon, J. P.

B. Casgrain, T. P. Hamel.

BRYDONE-JACK— HERBERT DISKROW, of Glacier, B. C. Born at Sand-
bach, Cheshire, England, Oct, 31st. 1888; Educ, B.Sc McGill Univ. 1911; 1907-09
(summers), rodman, C.P.R.; 1910 (summer/, leveller, C.P.R.-.1911 (May-Dec), transit-
man, C. PR. constrn,; 1912 (Jan.-Sept.). asst. engr., constrn., prelim: and location
surveys. C.P.R.; 1912-14, asst. engr., double track constrn., C.P.R.; 1914-19, overseas;
1920 (Mar.-Dec.) asst. engr. in charge of lining Connaught tunnel. C.P.R.; Jan. 1921
to date, supt. for the Sydney E. Junkins Co. Ltd., engrs. and constructors, at
Glacier, B.C., lining Connaught tunnel.

References: J. M. R. Fairbairn, E. E. Brydone-Jack, G. E. Bell. F. Lee, T. C.
Macnabb, T. Lees, H. R. Younger, T. E. Price, L. L. Brown.

CARMICHAEL— FREDERICK NORMAN DDBOURDIEN, of Toronto,
Ont. Born at Toronto, April 28th, 1895; Educ, B.A.Sc. Univ. of Tor 1915: 1912
(summer), harbour work, Toronto; 1913 (summer), engr. in charge of dredging opera-
tions, Bruce Mines, Ont.; 1914-15 (summers), harbour surveys and dredging, Sault
Ste Marie and Windsor, Ont.; 1915-16, munition inspection; 1916-19, Lieut. Royal
Naval Volunteer Reserve, England, Egypt, Italy, Greece, etc; 1921 (Jan.-July), traffic
study, Toronto Transportation Commn.; 1921 (Aug.-Sept.), surveying in connection
with Toronto Street Railway arbitration; 1921-22, res. engr. on constrn. work, Toronto
Transportation Commn.; April 1922 to date, engr., plan examination branch, city arch t s
dept., city hall, Toronto, Ont. _ _ , .

References: A. L. Mudge, H. W. Tate, H. W. McAll, P. M. Thompson, G. Rankin.

CONNOR— GEORGE TUPPER, of 143 High Street West, Moose Jaw, Sask.
Born at Alma, N.B., Feb. 2nd, 1890; I.C.S. steam engrg. and steam electric course.
Night classes in mech. drawing; 1905-07. machine shop work, Portland Iron & Steel
Co.; 1907-11, stationary steam engr., Portland Iron & Steel Co.; 1911-20, chief engr.
for Moose Jaw Electric Rly Co., in charge of generating plant including erection of
1000 h.p. diesel engines; 1920 to date, supt. of Moose Jaw Electric Rly. Co. Ltd., Moose
Jaw, Sask. _ _ „ ,. T ^ t> ..

References: A. A. Dion H. A. McLean, J. B. McRae, G. D. Mackie, J. D. Peters,
W. H. Greene, J. R. C. Macredie, M. Sinclair.

DAVIS — FRANK LESLIE, of 54-A St-Laurent Road, Cartierville, Que.
Born at Gloucester, England, Nov. 20th, 1890; Educ, 3 years Newport Tech. school.
Cert, for maths., mechanics, prac geom., and bldg. constrn., South Kensington (Lond-
on), 3 years articled pupil and 1 year asst. to Messrs. Kirby Son & Co Civil Kngrs.,
Newport, England; 1911-13, leveller and dftsman, mtce. of way, dist. No. 3 eastern
divn., C.P.R.; 1913 (6 mos.), dftsman. on constrn., Pacific Great Eastern Rly., Vancou-
ver; 1914 (5 mos.), asst. to city engr., Westmount, Que.; 1914-19, overseas, O.KA.,
Lieut.; 1919-20, engr., North American Magnesite Producing Co. Ltd., Calumet, yue.;
1921-23, engr. in charge of constrn. on various works for J. A. Grant & Co. Ltd., engrs.
and contractors, St. John, N.B.; 1923 (Apr.-Nov.), asst. engr on constrn. of grain
elevator "B" and elevator No. 3 for Harbour Commissioners of Montreal for lne Jonn
S. Metcalfe Co. Ltd.; At present asst. engr. on staff of above firm. ,

References: C. C. Kirby, J. A. Grant, H. Rolph, P. E. Jarman, T. W. Harvie, L.

C. Hill.

DAW— JOSEPH, of 86 Maisonneuve Avenue, Quebec, Que. Born at London,
England, November 8th 1867; Educ, Dulwich College. School of Military Engrg ,
Chatham, England; 1892-98, constructional dftsman. to instructor in workshops, >M.
E , Chatham; 1900-01, rly. constrn. and bridging, South Africa (Boer War); 19U1-UA
in charge of constructional work, Salisbury Plain; 1903-04, machine shop, Algoma
Iron Works; 1905-14, practising as architect and factory engr., St Catharines, Unt;
1915, R.C.E. Headquarters, Ottawa; 1916, asst. camp engr., Camp Borden; 1917, asst.
camp engr Valcartier; 1919-20, preparing record plans and surveys militia property,
Quebec; 1920 to date, engr., engrg. dept., Brown Corporation, Quebec Que.

References: J. B. Cochrane, D. Barry, P. deL. D. Passy, D. O. Gallagher, b. L.
deCarteret.

DONKIN— ROBERT PERCY, of Halifax, N. S. Born at Mulgrave, N. S„
July 4th, 1888; Educ, B.Sc. (Mech.), N. S. Tech. Coll. 1914, Engrg. cert, from Acadia
Univ ■ 1905-08, apprentice and journeyman from machine shops of Dominion Coal
Co Ltd Glace Bay, N.S.; 1915-16, dftsman., Starr Mfg. Co. Ltd., Dartmouth, N.S.;
1916-17, chief dftsman., W. E. Barrett, consltg. engr., New York, on new bldgs. and
equipment for N.S. Tramways and Power Co. Halifax; 1917. asst. to Gen. Supt. r.A.
Freeman, N. S. Tramways and Power Co. Halifax; 1918-19, instructor in machine
tool operation, at N.S. Tech. Coll. for D.S.C.R.; 1919 to date, asst. professor of mech.
engr N S Tech. Coll., Halifax, N. S. (Also — 1920, special investigation and design
of skinning machines for National Fish Co. Ltd., Halifax; 1921, investigation and report
on central heating and power plant for Mount St. Vincent Academy, Rockingham,
N. S.; 1921-23, consltg. engr., Parsons Ocean Power Co. Ltd Halifax

References- K. L. Dawson, F. R. Faulkner, C. E. W. Dodwell, P. A. Freeman,
W. F. McKnight, D. W. Munn, W. G. Hardy, J. F. Lunsden, C. A. D. Fowler.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

DUNSMORE— ROBERT LIONEL, of Calgary. Alta. Born at Seaforth, Ont.,
Sept. 2nd. 1893, Educ, B.Sc. Queen's Univ. 1915; 1912, recorder on precise levelling,
Geodetic Survey of Canada; 1913, asst. engr., public works dept., of Canada, Fort Wil-
liam; instr'ment work in charge of sounding party; 1914, as above, res. engr. on Mission
River harbour improvements; 1914-19, overseas. Major, Can. Engrs.; 1919, asst. city
engr., Sarnia, Ont.: 1919 to date with Imperial Oil Company, 1919-20, engrg. dept.,
Sarnia, estimating and designing for docks, power plants, etc., 1920-22, asst. master
mechanic, Sarnia, and from 1922 to date, engr. in charge of constrn. of lefinery at
Calgarv.

References: G. W. Craig, W. L. Malcolm, C. D. Dean, T. Montgomery, J. V.
Dillabough, H. T. Hughes, V. A. Newhall.

FREEMAN— CORRELL HUNTER, of 7 Ralph Street, Ottawa, Ont. Born at
Newboro, Ont. Nov. 18th. 1S87, Educ, B.Sc. Queen's Univ. 1913; 1911-13 (summers),
with topog'l. divn., Geol. Survey, Ottawa, 1914 (summer), in charge of sub-party,
and 1915-20 in charge of parties; At present, mineral technologist, (Grade 1) Mines
Branch, Dept. of Mines, Ottawa.

References: L. H. Cole, F. V. Seibert, A. E. MacRae, J. M. Wardle, A. U. Meikle,
R. C. Purser, L. C. Prittie.

LOW— DAVID DUNCAN, of Regina, Sask. Born at Regina, Sask., July 26th,
1897; Educ, B.Sc. Univ. of Sask. 1923; Aug. 1921 to July 1923, rodman, and at present
instr'man., C.N. It., Regina, Sask.

References: A. M. Macgillivray, C. J. Mackenzie, D. A. R. McCannel, R. A. Spen-
cer, P. C. Perry.

MACKINTOSH— WILLIAM JOHN, of Oxbow, Sask. Born at Inverness, Scot-
land, Sept. 16th, 1893; Educ, final exam. Inst, of C. E., London, England, 1915.
1912-15, pupil with Messrs. Black & Manners, civil engrs., Inverness; 1915-18, engrg.
asst. Liverpool Corporation, Gen. municipal work constrn. of bldgs. etc.; 1918-19, in
Imperial Army; 1919-20, asst. engr., Port of London, (authority on constrn. Royal
Albert Dock extension); 1920-21, asst. engr., dept. of public highways, Ontario; 1921
to date, asst. engr., dept. of Highways, Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.

References: H. S. Carpenter, H. R. MacKenzie, C. C. Cronk, W. E. Denley, C. S.
Cameron.

ROGERS— ALVAH BURPHEE, of 339 Hingston Avenue, Montreal Que. Born
at Stellarton, N. S. April 24th, 1880; Educ, 3 years elect'l. McGill Univ. (1904-05,
1913-15) ; 1906-13, dfting. and design, apparatus dept., Northern Electric Co., Montreal,
1915-18, dfting and design, engrg. dept., Shawinigan Water & Power Co.; and 1918-
19, asst. engr. on design and supervision of install'n. of elect'l. layouts for industrial
plants; 1919 to date, asst. engr., Shawinigan Engineering Co. Ltd. Montreal, Que.

References: J. C. Smith. F. T. Kaelin, S. Svenningson, J. A. McCrory, E. Brown,
H. M. MacKay, C. V. Christie.

SEARS— JOHN JOSEPH, of 87 Birmingham Street, Halifax, N. S. Born at
Antigonish, N. S., March 23rd, 1891; Educ, B. A. St. Francois Xavier College, 1911.
B. So. (C. E.), N. S. Tech. Coll. 1916; 1912-15, student engr., dept. of public
works, Antigonish, N. S.; 1916-18, dftsman, shipbldg, dept., N. S. Steel & Coal Co.,
New Glasgow; 1918-21, chief engrg. dftsman., Halifax Shipyards Limited; 1921-22,
estimator, inspector and field engr., C. A. Fowler & Co., Engrs. and Arch'ts.; June 1922
to date, field engr., N. S. Tramways & Power Co., Halifax, N. S.

References: K. L. Dawson, F. R. Faulkner, I. P. MacNab, H. W. L. Doane, C. A.
D. Fowler, J. B. Hayes, D. E. O'Brien.

SCHIPPEL— WALTER HERBERT, of 573 Durocher Avenue, Montreal, Que.
Born at Montreal, May 26th, 1900. Educ, B.Sc. McGill Univ. 1920; 1920 (7 mos.),
testing of elec machinery, Can, Gen. Elec Co.; 1921-23, asst. designer on elec layout
of power plants, substations, power transmission and distribution, with Messrs, L. A.
Herdt and E. Godfrey Burr, consltg. engrs.; Also 1921-23, senior demonstrator in elec.
engr., McGill Univ. Montreal, and asst. designer of electrical installations.

References: C.V. Christie, L. A. Herdt., E.G. Burr, C.M.McKergowH. M. MacKay.

VATCHER— ALLAN. of 134 Hamilton Street, St. John's, Nfld. Born at Freshwater,
Bay de Verde, Nfld.; April 2nd, 1881; Educ, B. A. So. Univ. of Toronto 1910; 1910-
11, instr'man on rly. location for Reid Newfoundland Co.; 1911-15, res. engr. on rly.
constrn. and chief of party on location for the above company; 1915-23, engr. in charge
of field surveys and constrn. of an Hydro-Elec development for the Union Electric
Co., Port Union, capacity 850 H. P., the Public Service Electric Co., capacity
3000 H. P. in charge of field surveys and prelim. layout of hydro-electric developments
for the Newfoundland Products Corpn. (now the Newfoundland Power & Paper Co.),
having a combined capacity of 120,000 H.P., all in Newfoundland; At present asst.
chief engr., Reid Newfoundland Co., St. John's, Nfld.

References: H. G. Acres, T. H. Hogg, P. Gillespie, C. R. Young, J. R. Montague,
J. J. Traill.

WILSON— ALFRED WILLIAM GUNNING, of Ottawa, Ont. Born at Cobourg
Ont., Feb. 6th, 1873; B.A. Univ. of Tor, 1893, A. M. Harvard Univ. 1899. Ph. D. Har-
vard Univ. 1901. Special student in industrial chemist, assaying, geology, S.P.S.
Univ. of Tor. 1893, mining and metallurgy, Columbia School of Mines, 1902 and at
McGill Univ. 1902-04; engrg. geology and topography for G.T.R. at intervals 1903-09,
under J. G. G. Kerry. Similar work for private clients during same period ; 1902-96, de-
monstrator in geology, McGill Univ.; 1901, 1902, 1908 (summers), in charge of field
mapping and geol. exploration, Geol. Survey; 1904, selection of Elk River coal
lands for C. P. R. including report on location of development rly.; 1905, engrg.
geol. and topographer attached to James Bay exploration party of Temiskaming
and Nor. Ont. Rly. Commn.; 1906, in charge of exploration on Northern Quebec,
possibilities of industrial development, including rly. location, mineral and timber
exploration etc.; 1907, prospecting in Northern Ontario, in charge of two parties; 1909-
10, mining engr., Mines Branch, Copper resources of Canada; 1910^20, chief engr.,
Metalliferous Mines Division, Mines Branch. (Also — 1915-16, special commissioner
under the Minister of Militia to advise on the securing of home supplies of copper and
zinc; 1916-17, supt. of plant for Wilson munitions, mfg. steel clad shrapnel ball;
1918-20 technical adviser to the War Trade Board.); 1920 to date, chief engineer,
Mineral Resources Division, Mines Branch, Dept. of Mines, Ottawa.

References: J. G. G. Kerry, C. V. Corless, J. F. Robertson, R. L. Peek, L. H. Cole,

FOR TRANSFER FROM CLASS OF JUNIOR TO HIGHER GRADE

GAUTHIER— HENRI, of Ottawa, Ont. Born at Montreal, April 9th 1890; Educ,
B.A.Sc. Polytech., Laval Univ. 1915. Post graduate work, two winter seasons, Colum-
bia University, New York: 1910-15 (summers), land surveying with, J. E. A. McCon-
ville, M. D. Barclay and Eug. Desaulniers; 1915-20, with Dept. of Mines, Ottawa as
asst. engr. (road material investigations), in Road Materials Divn. In charge of field
party since 1916. Carried individual work in investigation of road material since
1917 (memoir 114, geol. survey-road materials in the city and district of Montreal,
by H. Gauthier, 1917), and since 1920 has acted as road materials engr. (senior asst.).
Road Materials and Ceramics Divn., Mines Branch, Dept. of Mines, Ottawa (in charge
of road materials divn.)

References: L. H. Co.e, J. McLeish, H. S. Spence, J. M. Wardle, A. Frigon, J. H.
Landry, E. Viens.

FOR TRANSFER FROM CLASS OF STUDENT TO HIGHER GRADE

BULMER— CLARENCE EDWARD, of 39 East Avenue North, Hamilton, Ont.
Born at Cobden, Ont., August 10th, 1900; Educ, B. Sc Queen's Univ. 1922; 1917
(summer) tool maker apprentice, Renfrew Machinery Co.; 1920 (summer), special
apprentice, Angus Loco. Works, Montreal; May 1922-July 1923, on engrg. staff , General
Motors of Canada, Oshawa, as engr. in charge of production of Oakland and Cadillac
cars ; Sept. 1923, to date, instructor to apprentices in dfting. , machine design, shop maths,
and electricity, Hamilton Technical School, Hamilton, Ont.

Reference: L. T. Rutledge, L. M. Arkley, L. W. Gill, W. P. Wilgar, A.Macphail,
E. D. W. Courtice.

ROSS— JAMES HARGRAVE DRUMMOND, of Antofagasta, Chile. Born at
Dundas, Ont. April 2nd, 1897; Educ, B. Sc. McGill Univ. 1922; R. M. C. 1913-15;
1915-19, overseas. Capt. R. F. A.; 1920-21 (summers), worked in plants of Standard
Chemical Co.; 1922 (summer), Dominion Textile Co. Magog; Sept. 1922 to date,
with Guggenhein Bros., New York, on experimental nitrate work, Antofasgata, Chile.

References: Sir Alex. Bertram, C. M. McKergow, H. M. MacKay, E. Brown.

WILLIAMS— ARTHUR SAMUEL, of 610 Ontario Street, Toronto, Ont. Born
at Winnipeg, Man., March 27th, 1895; Educ, B. Sc Univ. of Manitoba, 1921; 1920
(summer), mtce. work and operating, Winnipeg Electric Railway Co.; 1921 (summer),
test dept., C. G. E., Peterborough; 1921-22, demonstrator in phvsics, Univ. of Man.;
1922-23, test, dept., C. G. E., Peterborough and Toronto; June 1923, to date, dftsman.
on station electrical layouts, H. E. P. C. of Ontario, Toronto, Ont.

References: E. P. Fetherstonhaugh, H. V. Armstrong, J. N. Finlayson,A. B. Gates,
N. D. Seaton, W. M. Cruthers, V. S. Foster.

FOR TRANSFER FROM CLASS OF AFFILIATE TO HIGHER GRADE

LYNCH— FRANCIS CHRISTOPHER CHISHOIM, of 305 Stewart Street,
Ottawa, Ont. Born at Ottawa, May 11th, 1884; Educ, undergrad. McGill Univ.
Seasons 1904, 1905, and part of 1906; 1902-05 (summers), field work, Carillon and
Greenville Canal; 1906-11, technical clerk, rly. lands branch, Dept. of the Interior, in
charge, mapping division and B. C. Dom Rly. Belt Lands Divn.; 1911-12, asst. supt.,
Rly. Lands Branch, and 1912-17, supt., Rly. Lands Branch, Dept. of the Interior; 1917
to date, supt., Natural Resources Intelligence Branch, Department of the Interior,
Ottawa, Ont

References: O. S. Finnie, J. L. Rannie, C. P. Edwards, J. B. Challies, C. M. Pitts.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Engineering Index

This Index Is prepared by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

In this department will be published from month to month the titles of current engineering papers with the authors

and source and a brief extract of the more important. It is designed to give the members

of The Institute a survey of all important articles relating to every branch of

engineering profession.

PHOTOSTATIC PRINTS

Photostatic copies of the articles listed In this section, or others on
engineering subjects, may be obtained from the Engineering Societies
Library.

Price of each print (up to 11 by 14 in. size') 25 cents, plus postage. Where
possible, two pages, up to 7 by 9 in. size, will be photographed on one print.
Larger magazines require a print per page. Bills will be mailed with the
prints.

The Library is also prepared to translate articles, to compile Usts of
references on engineering subjects and render assistance in similar ways.
Charges are made, sufficient to cover the cost of this work. Correspondence
is Invited. Information concerning the charge for any specific service wlP
be given those interested. In asking for information please be definite, so
that the investigator may understand clearly what is desired.

The Engineering Societies Library is under the management of the
United Engineering Society, which administers it as a public reference
library of engineering. It is maintained jointly by the American Society
of Civil Engineers; the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical
Engineers; the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American
Institute of Electrical Engineers. It contains 150,000 volumes on engin-
eering and allied subjects, and receives currently most of the important
periodicals in its field.

Orders and correspondence should be addressed to

Harrison W. Craver, Director

Engineering Societies Library,
29 West Thirty-ninth Street. New York, NY.

AERONAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Meteorographs. A New Airplane Meteorograph (Ein neupr Flugzeug-Meteoro-
graph), Albert Wigand and Heinrich Koppe. Zeit. fur Flufrteohnik u. Motor-
luftschiffahrt, vol. 14, nos. 13-14, July 26, 1923, pp. 106-108, 3 figs. Details
of new meteorograph and desiderata upon which design is based; describes
how it should be attached to airplane.

Types. Measuring Instruments for Aeroplanes, E. Everling and H. Koppe. Eng.
Progress, vol. 4, no. 6, June 1923, pp. 111-115, 17 figs. Service requirements;
pressure meters; statoseopes; temperature; speed; climbing; turning.

AIR COMPRESSORS

Torbo-Compressors. Modern Types of Large Compressors in Mining Practice
(Neuzeitliche Grosskompressoren im Bergwerksbetrieb), Ernst Blau. Forder-
technik u. Frachtverkehr, vol. 16, no. 15, Aug. 3, 1923, pp. 171-173. Describes
design and use of turbo-compressors and electrically driven compressors in
mines.

AIR COOLING

Buildings. Cooling Svstems for Buildings, A. M. Feldman. Am. Architect &
Architectural Rev., vol. 124, no. 2431, Oct. 24, 1923, pp. 379-384, 10 figs.
Describes cooling equipment installed at banking offices of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.,
New York City, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York City, and country residence
of Paul M. Warburg at Hartsdale, N.Y.

AIR FURNACES
Oil-Fired. Burning Oil in the Air Furnace, A. V. Landschoot. Foundry, vol. 51,
no. 21, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 862-867, 4 figs. Successful adaptation to melting
malleable iron requires proper combustion, close control of heat and attention
to charge time element.

AIRPLANE ENGINES

Calculations. Aero-Engine Calculations. Practical Engr., vol. 68, no. 1907,
Sept. 13, 1923, pp. 143-154. Formulas giving horsepower required to propel
an airplane; calculation for power to drive gear-driven compressor; exhaust-gas
turbo-compressor calculations; etc.

Distribution in Multi-Cylinder. The Arithmetic of Distribution in Multi-
Cylinder Engines, Stanwood W. Sparrow. Nat. Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics — Tech. Notes, no. 162, Oct. 1923, 23 pp., 15 figs. Consideration
of effect on engine performance of known inequality of distribution.

AIRPLANES
Airfoils. Note on the Experimental Aspect of One of the Assumptions of Prandtl's
Aerofoil Theory, N. A. V. Piercy. Roy Aeronautical Soc. — Jl., vol. 27, no.
154, Oct. 1923, pp. 501-511, 3 figs. Note is confined to assumption whereby
vorticity in strictly limited region is in effect substituted for part of general
action of viscosity; it is shown that viscosity as such is of fundamental im-
portance in determining system of flow.

On the Vortex Pair Quickly Formed by Some Aerofoils, N. A. V. Piercy.
Roy. Aeronautical Soc— Jl., vol. 27, no. 154, Oct. 1923, pp. 488-500, 3 figs.
Results of tests carried out in 4-ft. wind tunnel of aeronautical laboratory
of East London College; author seeks to show that wing tip vortices are amen-
able to accurate investigation; deals with structure of vortex well on into turbu-
lent flow.

The Supporting Vortex Surface as an Aid in the Treatment of Flane
Problem of the Airfoil Theory (Die tragende Wirbelflaehe als Hilfsmittel zur
Behandlung des ebenen Problems der Tragflugeltheorie), W. Birnbaum.
Zeit. fur angewandte Mathematik u. Mechanik, vol. 3, no. 4, Aug. 1923,
pp. 290-297, 3 figs. It is shown how Prandtl's theory of •supporting vortex
can be used to include distribution of lift according to depth of airfoil in calcula-
tion, and to find dependence of this distribution on form of profile.

Theoretical Relationships for the Lift and Drag of an Aerofoil Structure,
H. Glauert. Roy. Aeronautical Soc.— Jl., vol. 27, no. 154, Oct. 1923, pp. 512-
518. Aerodynamic problems; cyclic flow; two-dimensional and three-dimen-
sional problem.

Angular Velocity in Pitch. A Study of Controlability, Angular Velocity and
Dynamic Stability of an Airplane About the Axis of Pitch, Leslie MacDill.
Air Service Information Circular, vol. 5, no. 418, Apr. 1, 1923, 14 pp., 7 figs.
Analysis of problem involving variations in longitudinal and vertical velocity,
and angular velocity in pitch; study of steady motion and of small oscillations.

Design. Aeroplane Design, H. P. Folland. Instn. Aeronautical Engrs. — Proc,
no. 3, 1922, pp. 3-19, and (discussion) 19-38, 27 figs. Author goes oyer prelim-
inary design and gives rough approximations; draws attention to importance
of detail design and points which go toward reliability, efficiency and engineer-
ing structure.

Model Tests Without Wind Tunnel. Experimental Data Without a Wind
Channel, O. T. Gnosspelius. Instn. Aeronautical Engrs. — Proc, no. 5, 1923,
pp. 3-10 and (discussion) 11-17, 3 figs. Description of testing method, its
advantages and disadvantages; mathematical analysis of lift and drag forces
from pendulum observations.

Seaplanes. See Seaplanes.

Speed Calculation. Graphic Method for Calculating the Speed and Climbing
Ability of Airplanes, Adolf Rohrbach and Edwin Lupberger. Nat. Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics — Tech. Notes, no. ]63, Oct. 1923, 10 pp., 4 figs.
Method by means of which, starting from actual power developed by engine,
it is possible to determine all factors which together constitute what are known
as flight performances for any combination of engine and airplane, from single
graphic diagram given herewith.

ALLOYS

Aluminum. See Aluminum Alloys.

Brass. See Brass.

Contraction. High Shrinkage Alloys. Brass World, vol. 19, no. 10, Oct. 1923,
pp. 341-343. Results of investigation to determine linear contraction of a
series of brass and bronze alloys used generally in foundry work. Abstract
of paper by R. J. Anderson and E. J. Fahlman.

Modifications of the Law of Volumetric Shape and Contraction of Metals
and Alloys (Ueber die Gesetzmassigkeiten der Volumengestaltung und Schwin-
dung von Metallen und Legierungen), F. Sauerwald. Giesserei-Zeitung, vol.
20, i.o. 20, Sept. 15, 1923, pp. 391-393, 5 figs. Deals with binary alloys in
liquid and solid state and during interval of solidification.

Copper-Zinc. Cold Rolling and Annealing of Some Copper-Zinc Alloys, Pendleton
Powell. Brass World, vol. 19, nos. 9 and 10, Sept. and Oct., 1923, pp. 281-
284 and 335-338, 42 figs. Results of experiments on influence of cold rolling
upon annealed alloys and influence of heat treatment upon cold-rolled alloys.
Abstract of report made to Technische Hoeh-Schule.

Molybdenum in. Molybdenum as an Alloy Component (Molybdan als Legie-
rungsbestandteil) , W. Guertler. Zeit. fiir Metallkunde, vol. 15, nos. 6 and 9,
June and Sept., 1923, pp. 151-154 and 251-256, 17 figs. For alloys with
molybdenum as main component, following additions can be used: carbon,
silicon, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, tantalum and metals of the iron group
which melt at high temperature, including vanadium; as addition molybdenum
can be used only for such alloys in which iron, cobalt and nickel, or tungsten,
tantalum and palladium constitute the main component.

ALUMINUM ALLOYS

Duralumin. See Duralumin.

Uses. The Use of Non-Ferrous Alloys in Place of Iron and Steel, John L. Haughton.
Beama, vol. 13, no. 67, Nov. 1923, pp. 293-297, 2 figs. Consideration of
aluminum alloys.

Working Qualities. The Workability of Aluminum-Casting Alloys with Special
Regard to Solumin (Bearbeitbarkeit von Aluminiumgusslegierungen unter
besonderer Berucksichtigung von Silumin), G. Welter. Werkstattstechnik,
vol. 17, no. 18, Sept. 15, 1923, pp. 545-549, 7 figs. Results of tests with German
and American alloys, and with silumin; behavior of different alloys in case
of sawing, turning, milling, drilling, or thread-cutting; influence of lubrication.

AMMONIA CONDENSERS
Design. Ammonia Condenser Design, Oscar A. Anderson. Refrig. Eng., vol. 10,
no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 115-117 and (discussion) 117 and 119-120. Characteristics
of different types of condensers.

AUTOMOBILES
Brakes. Some Notes on Brake Design and Construction, H. M. Crane. Soc.
Automotive Engrs.— Jl., vol. 13, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 395-398, 1 fig. Braking
functions; desirable features of brake design; power available for operating
brake; brake-operating mechanisms; design and construction of brake mechan-
ism; types of brake drum and band or shoe design; brake materials.

The Four-Wheel Brake Question. Autocar, vol. 51, no. 1461, Oct. 19,
1923, pp. 701-703. Views of section of manufacturers who prefer to continue
experiments before adopting them.
Transmissions. New Sliding Change Speed Gearsets Announced in Europe. Auto-
motive Industries, vol. 49, no. 17, Oct. 25, 1923, pp. 830-833, 6 figs. Lavaud
automatic transmission brought out in France; Constantinesco torque con-
verter developed in England.

Revolutionary Transmission. Autocar, vol. 51, no. 1460, Oct. 12, 1923,
pp. 647-650, 10 figs. Three modern mechanisms which may greatly influence
automobile practice, namely, the De Lavaud system; Hr^aley variable-speed
gear box; and Constantinesco variable gear.

Variable Transmission, G. Constantinesco. Automobile Engr., vol. 13,
no. 182, Nov. 1923, pp. 332-335, 2 figs. Deals with transmission gear developed
by author, which he calls converter, as viewed from automobile standpoint,
and compares its behavior with previous attempts to solve problem of tran-
smission for automobiles.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

AVIATION
Aerial Transportation. The Development of Airship Transport. Aeroplane,
vol. 25, no. 11, Sept. 12, 1923, pp. 273-274. Points out that the smaller and
slower types of airship have distinct commercial possibilities; transport and
development.

Transporting Ore bv Airplane, Adrian Van Muffling. Eng. & Min.
Jl.-Press, vol. 116, no. 19, Nov. 10, 1923, pp. 797-802, 5 figs. Problem of
substituting airplanes for present means of transportation in carrying ore
from outlying mines situated far from a railway. Factors to be considered
in making analysis of given locality and in preparing a financial estimate,
including landing fields, character of ore, flying equipment, etc.

BALANCING
Weights, Dimensions of. The Dimensions of Balance Weights. Mach. (Lond.),
vol. 23, no. 577, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 72-73, 3 figs. Consideration of dimensions
of weights required to balance equivalent unbalanced mass at crankpin.

BALANCING MACHINES

Lawaczeck-Hevmann. The Balancing of Rotating Machine Parts (Das Aus-
wuchten rotierender Maschinenteile), Ernst Lehr. Fordertechnik u. Fra-
chtverkehr, vol. 16, no. 14, July 18, 1923. pp. 160-162, 3 figs. Describes
Lawaczeek-Heymann balancing machine which works on so-called double-
pendulum principle.

Static-Dynamic. Some Developments in Balanceing Machines, C. Norman Fletcher.
Machy. (Lond.), vol. 23, no. 576, Oct. 11, 1923, pp. 52-53, 4 figs. Describes
improvements made in Olsen-Carwen static-dynamic balancing machines.

BAROMETERS

Types and Use. The Meaning of Atmospheric Pressure, T. M. Gunn. Power,
vol. 58, no. 21, Nov. 20, 1923, pp. 811-813, 3 figs. Types and principle of
barometers for measuring atmospheric pressure, and their use; presents charts
for finding barometrical pressure above sea level, and correction for latitude
and temperature.

BEARINGS, BALL

Roller and. Some Developments in Ball and Roller Bearing Work, with Par-
ticular Reference to Steel Rolling Mill Plant, A. W. Macaulav. West of Scot-
land Iron & Steel Inst. — Jl., vol. 30, parts 5-7, Feb.-Mar.-Apr., 1923, pp.
58-68 and (discussion) 69-73, 34 figs, on supp. plates. Deals with steel used
in production of ball bearings and refers to recent developments regarding
their application to steel works.

The Question of Ball and Roller Bearings in Street Railway Operation
(Zur Frage der Kugel- und Rollenlager im Strassenbahnbetrieb), H. Tobias.
Verkehrstechnik, vol. 40, no. 38, Sept. 21, 1923, pp. 347-350. Results of
investigations show that correctly designed ball and roller armature bearings
are superior to journal bearings from viewpoint of safety in operation, saving
in use of lubricating oil and in care and maintenance of motors.

BEAMS
Reinforced-Concrete Slab. Tests of Heavily Reinforced Concrete Slab Beams;
Effect of Direction of Reinforcement on Strength and Deformation, Willis A.
Slater and Fred B. Seely. U. S. Bur. Standards — Technologic Papers, no.
233, Mar. 20, 1923, 344 pp., 32 figs. Results of tests made as part of investig-
ational work of concrete ship section of Emergency Fleet Corp. for purpose
of determining relative economy of using as reinforcement for shell of ship bars
placed at right angles to frames which support shell, bars placed at some other
angle with frames, and expanded metal.

BLAST-FURNACE GAS
Dry Cleaning. Filtering Dirty Gas Through Flue Dust, George B. Cramp. Iron
Age, vol. 112, no. 17, Oct. 25, 1923, pp. 1111-1114, 2 figs. Dry cleaning of
blast-furnace gas, based on tests at Monessen plant of Pittsburgh Steel Co.;
calculation of areas required.

BOILER FEEDWATER

Air Separator. The Hickman Air Separator. Pac. Mar. Rev., vol. 20, no. 11,
Nov. 1923, pp. 528-529, 2 figs. Simple device for mechanical separation of
entrained air from feedwater in steam plant, practically eliminating interior
corrosion.

BOILER FURNACES

Design. Furnace Design (With Special Reference to Welsh Coal Burning), David
Wilson. South Wales Inst. Engrs.— Proc, vol. 38, no. 8, Sept. 26, 1923,
pp. 723-738 and (discussion) 738-755, 9 figs. Function of fire grate and of
combustion chamber; advantages of mechanical stokers, including saving in
labor, high thermal efficiency, and large grate area.

Iorced Draft. Forced Draft (Unterwind), H. Bergmann. Archiv. fur Warme-
wirtsehaft, vol. 4, no. 8, Aug. 1923, pp. 151-152, 1 fig. Describes new type of
grate which is departure from all previous designs and is said to fulfill all
requirements for use of forced draft.

Improvements. New Furnaces (Neue Feuerungsanlagen), H. Pradel. Feuerungs-
technik, vol. 11, nos. 20 and 21, July 15 and Aug. 1, 1923, pp. 204-205 and
211-213, 9 figs. Extension furnaces for travelling grates; low-temperature tar
recovery in boiler furnaces; auxiliary oil furnaces; etc.

Pulverized Coal Plant. A New Coal Dust Fuel Plant, G. Petri. Eng. Progress,
vol. 4, no. 6, June 1923, pp. 119-121, 4 figs. Describes combined coal-dust
fuel and chain-grate plant, main object of which is economical combustion
of fuels which are difficult to ignite; principal fields of application.

bTEAM-jET. The Modern Steam-Jet Furnace. Gas Jl., vol. 163, no. 3149, Sept.
19, 1923, pp. 870-872, 5 figs. Scientific principles involved in design of an
efficient forced-draught steam-jet furnace, as exemplified by latest develop-
ments in "turbine furnace".

Temperature Control. New Apparatus Successfully Controls Temperature.
Fuels & Furnaces, vol. 1, no. 6, Oct. 1923, pp. 437-439, 4 figs. Describes
automatic control devised by H. G. Geissinger, of Detroit, Mich., for fuel-fired
furnaces; electricity used as motive force, and safety against overheating is
assured if power supply fails.

BOILER PLANTS

Efficiency. Increasing. Prospects for Increasing the Efficiency of Boiler Plants
(Die Leistungserhohung der Dampfkesselanlagen und ihre Aussichten), August
Loschge. Zeit. des Bayerischen Revisions-Vereins, vol. 27, nos. 15, 16 and
17, Aug. 15, 31 and Sept. 15, 1923, pp. 113-115, 121-123 and 130-132, 15 figs.
Methods of enlarging or strengthening boiler plants and difficulties involved;
other methods of increasing efficiency, such as alterations in superstructure,
use of maximum-pressure boilers and utilization of heat-accumulator effect.

Efficiency Meter. The Gilson Efficiency Meter. Engineering, vol. 116, no.
3018, Nov. 2, 1923, po. 558-559, 4 figs. Device for indicating continuously
number of pounds of coal being burnt per kw-hr. in power station.

Problems. Power Problems of Vital Interest to Executives, James T. Beard, 2nd.
Indus. Management (N. Y.), vol. 66, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 302-307, 5 figs.
Maintenance and repairs.

Steam-Production Costs Reduction. How Steam Production Costs Were Reduced
in a Hand-Fired Return-Tubular Boiler Plant, A. R. Mumford. Southern
Engr., vol. 40, no. 3, Nov. 1923, pp. 38-42, 1 fig. Original fuel cost to produce
1,000 lb. steam was $0.5287; simple changes reduced this cost to $0,354 per
1,000 lb. of steam, a saving of over 30 per cent in fuel cost.

BOILERS

Gas-Fired. Town-Gas Fired Boilers. Gas Jl. (Supp.), vol. 163, no. 3150, Sept.
26, 1923, pp. 164-166, 3 figs. Describes Spencer-Bonecourt systems, with
automatic action; comparison of costs and results obtained of solid fuel and
town gas for boilers.

Heat-Storage Problems. The Heat Storage Problem with Special Regard to
Elastic Efficiency of Boilers (Das Warmespeicherproblem unter besonderer
Beriicksichtigung der Leistungselastizitat von Dampfkesseln), Robert Jurenka
and H. E. Witz. Archiv fur Warmewirtschaft, vol. 4, no. 1, Oct. 1923, pp.
187-192, 17 figs. Under elastic efficiency is meant fluctuations which a boiler
can sustain without noticeably affecting its efficiency; greatest possible elastic
efficiency is obtained by use of hot-water storage, and combining hot-water
and steam accumulators. ■ '

Waste-Heat. Whv Not Harness the Engine Exhaust, L. H. Morrison. Power,
vol. 58, no. 2*0, Nov. 13, 1923, pp. 765-767, 4 figs. Value of heat now wasted
in exhaust of internal-combustion engines is pointed out, and types of waste-
heat boilers in use and installation costs are outlined.

BOILERS, WATER-TUBE
Developments. Water-Tube Boiler and Crane Construction, James H. R. Kemnal.
Instn. Mech. Engrs. — Proc, no. 4, June 1923, pp. 579-594 and (discussion)
594-608, 9 figs. History of development of water-tube boilers; air heaters vs.
economizers. Description of electric jib crane fitted with luffing gear, and its
use for luffing of jibs, shears and boats' davits.

BRASS

Constitution. The Constitution of Brass (Zur Konstitution des Messings), Georg
Masing. Wissenschaftliche Veroffentlichungen -aus dem Siemens-Konzern,
Vol. 3, no. 1, May 15, 1923, pp. 240-242, 3 figs. It is shown that beta-crystals
under 470 deg. (cent.) develop in brass through diffusion and therefore contrary
to prevailing assumption, are likewise constant in lower temperatures.

BREATHING APPARATUS

Types. Gas Masks and Other Respiratory Apparatus. Safety Eng., vol. 46, nos.
2 and 3, Aug. and Sept. 1923, pp. 74-75 and 130-132. Four types of gas
masks suitable for different gases; comparison with hose masks and oxygen
breathing apparatus.

BRIDGE PIERS

Delaware-River Bridge. The Main Piers of the Bridge over the Delaware River,

Between Philadelphia and Camden, Franklin Inst. — Jl., vol. 196, no. 5, Nov.

1923, pp. 593-625, 23 figs. Piers are of massive granite masonry; Details of

design, by Clement E. Chase; Construction details, by Montgomery B. Case.

BRIDGES

Girder, Specifications. British Standard Specification for Girder Bridges. British
Eng. Standards Assn., No. 153, Aug. 1923. 25 pp. Specifications covering
loads and stresses, details of construction, and erection. Appendixes giving
schedule of unit loadings for railway and road bridges, and table of standard
dimensions of clevises and turnbuckles

BRIDGES, CONCRETE
Arch. Old Steel Arch Utilized in New Reinforced Concrete Structure, Charles F.
Bornefeld. Concrete, vol. 23, no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp. 102-106, 9 figs. Old
steel arch ribs have been incorporated into new concrete ribs of new Salmon-
River bridge at Pulaski, N.Y.

BRIDGES, HIGHWAY

Standardization. Standardizing the Design of Highway Bridges, C. A. Melick.
Can. Engr., vol. 45, no. 14, Oct. 2, 1923, pp. 369-373. Practice followed in
state of Michigan; fundamental and secondary factors governing design of
bridges; advantages of through concrete girder type of bridge described in
paper read at high conference, Univ. of Mich.

Steel. Tentative Specifications for Steel Highway Bridge Superstructure. Am.
Soc. Civil Engrs.— Proc, vol. 49, no. 7, Sept. 1923, pp. 1377-1403. Progress
report of special committee. Specifications for design of fixed span bridges,
covering loads and stresses, unit stresses, workmanship, full-size eye-bar
tests, weighing and shipping, structural steel for bridges, and structural nickel

BRIDGES, RAILWAY

Hurricanes, for Withstanding. Rigolets Bridge Built to Stand Hurricanes:
L. & N. R.R., (La.). Eng. News-Rec, vol. 91, no. 16, Oct. 18, 1923, pp.
626-630, 7 figs. Each pier a concrete cylinder sunk 80 to 113 ft. below sea level
on Gulf Coast; steel shells sank and concreted; truss spans and draw; con-
struction equipment floating or on piles.

Steel. General Specifications for the Erection of Steel Railway Bridges (For Fixed
Spans Less Than 300 Feet in Length). Am. Ry. Eng. Assn. — Bui., vol. 25,
no. 257, July 1923, pp. 67-73.

BUILDINGS
Moving. A 7,500-Ton Office Building is Moved 85 Feet. Ry. Age, vol. 75, no. 19,
Nov. 10, 1923, pp. 867-868, 3 figs. Preparation for terminal improvements
at Chicago required shifting of 7-story structure, 81 ft. wide by 131 ft. long,
for distance of 85 feet.

CABLES, ELECTRIC
Steel-Aluminum. Report upon Tests on Steel-Cored Aluminum Cables for Over-
head Transmission Lines. Instn. Elec Engrs. — Jl., vol. 61, no. 322, Sept.
1923, pp. 1041-1043. Tensile tests; limit of proportionality; modulus of
elasticity. Report received from Brit. Elec. and Allied Industries Research

CABLEWAYS
Curve Guides. Automatic Curve-Guide for Rope Haulage Plant, G. Ryba. Indus.
Management (Lond), vol. 10, no. 8, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 229-230, 2 figs. De-
scribes self-acting guides designed by A. Krahl, chief surveyor of Himmelfurst
Pit, Hammer (Czecho-Slovakia), with which arrangement it is stated that
tubs run easily round curves, jockeys do not require such accurate adjust-
ment, tubs can be loaded above level of body, there is no lateral tension on
rope, and latter cannot slip off guides. From Montanische Rundschau

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Electric Suspension. An Improvement in Suspension Railways (Eine Neuerung
im Hangebahnwesen), G. A. Geipel. Fordertcchnik u. Frachtverkehr, vol.
16, no. 15, Aug. 3, 1923, pp. 169-170, G figs. Describes so-called fixed-tongue
switch and points out its advantages; control of driver's stand crab, of front
and rear car; construction data for fixed-tongue crab.

CANALS
Concrete Lining. Economy of Concrete for Irrigation Canal Linings, R. C. E.
Weber. Concrete, vol. 23, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 158-159, t figs Comparative
costs of maintaining earth and concrete-lined sections covering season's work
of cleaning 66 mi. of former and 31 mi. of latter, from which is obtained cost
of $55.70 per mi. for earth and $19.50 for concrete-lined sections.

CAR DUMPERS
Railway, Semi-Automatic. Semi-Automatic Railroad Car Dumper. Iron Age,
vol. 112, no. 20, Nov. 15, 1923, pp. 1324-1326, 3 figs. All motions except
revolving are automatic; car held by clamps rigidly against blocking; only
one motor.

CAR LIGHTING

Electric. Car Lighting Maintenance on the Illinois Central. Ry. Elec. Engr.,
vol. 14, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 309-310, 3 figs. 32-volt axle-lighting, system
with a battery on each car is standard; nickel-alkaline storage batteries used;
overhauling done as car goes through shop every 16 months.

CAR WHEELS

Rolled Steel. The Manufacture of Rolled Steel Wheels, G. A. Richardson. St.
Louis Ry. Club— Proc, vol. 28, no. 3, .July 13, 1923, pp. 60-63. It is shown
how standardization has immeasurably simplified problems of buying and
selling.

CARS

Wheel, Gear and Axle Practice. Wheel, Gear and Axle Practice. Elec. Ry.
Jl., vol. 62, nos. 7 and 17, Aug. 18 and Oct. 27. 1923. pp. 245-250 and 729-
736, 25 figs. Findings resulting from survey of 60 electric railways; mileage
obtained and costs resulting from operation of cast iron andsteelwheels; condi-
tions limiting life obtained from wheels and expedients used to increase mileage
of wheels in service; methods, equipment and shop arrangement used in
maintaining wheels and axles.

CARS, COAL

Composite Hopper. Composite Hoppers for the Nickel Plate. Ry. Meeh. Engr.,
vol. 97, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 754-756, 6 figs., also Ry. Age, vol. 75, no. 16,
Oct. 20, 1923, pp. 703-704, 3 figs. Wooden sides and flooring are found to be
more economical than all steel in cost of building and maintenance.

Plaxxed Repetitive Manufacture. Planned Repetitive Manufacture of Heavy
Equipment — Steel Coal Cars, William B. Ferguson. Management & Admin-
istration, vol. 6, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 585-592, 11 figs. Deals with man-
ufacturing to order or on contract small number of articles of same design;
example selected is that of order of 1,500 steel coal cars, hopper type of 57>2-
tons cap., manufacture for Chesapeake & Ohio R.R.

CARS, PASSENGER
Sleepers. New Sleeping Cars, Buenos Ayres Great Southern Railway, Ry. Gaz.,
vol. 39, no. 18, Nov. 2, 1923, p. 553, 2 figs. There are two compartments of
four berths each, and remainder are two-berth compartments; coach is divided
into two portions by a central entrance, compartments being in blocks of
16 and 14 berths respectively, in positions diagonally opposite; length over
buffers 81 ft.; width over side matching 10 ft. 6 in.; weight 43 tons.

CAST IRON
Marine-Engine Castings. A Note upon Cast Iron for Marine Engine Castings
from the Metallurgical and Engineering Points of View, H. J. Young and
E. Wood. Inst. Mar. Engrs.— Trans., vol. 11, no. 5, Oct. 1923, pp. 209 : 221,
8 figs. Deals with more common difficulties of work, as met by engineer
and chemist working in co-operation.

CASTINGS

Defects. Defective Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Castings, Wallace Dent Williams.
Can. Foundryman. vol. 14, nos. 9 and 10, Sept. and Oct. 1923, pp. 18-19 and
21, and 18-19, 7 figs. Reviews defects and considers some specially man-
ufactured pieces and expresses his opinion as to best method of manufacturing
such pieces.

CATALYSIS

Promotion of Reactions. Promotion of Catalytic Reactions, Samuel Medsforth.
Chem. Soc— Jl., vol. 123-124, no. 728, June 1923, pp. 1452-1469, 1 fig. Action
of hydrogen upon oxides of carbon; theoretical discussion on action of promo-
ters in methane synthesis; details of experiments; application of dehydration
or hydration hypothesis; action of carbon monoxide on steam; the incandescent
mantle; selective catalysis.

CEMENT

Alumina. Ciment Fondu, J. C. P. Tosh. Roy. Engrs. Jl., vol. 37, no. 3, Sept.
1923, pp. 419-429, 3 figs. Advantages over Portland cement; tests on concrete.

CEMENT, PORTLAND
Setting. The Setting of Portland Cement, W. Laurence Gadd. Concrete, (Cement
Mill Section), vol. 23, no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp. 115-116. Results of investigation
by Brit. Portland Cement Research Assn. (Abstract.)

CENTRAL STATIONS

Gas-Engine-Driven. Gas Driven Alternators for South Africa. S. African Min.
& Eng. Jl., vol. 34, no. 1663, Aug. 11, 1923, pp. 677-678. Describes power
plant of Salisbury central station, at Rhodesia, to consist of two Browett-
Lindley 4-cylinder vertical 4-stroke-cycle gas engines, each direct coupled to
a 300-kw. alternator with exciter, and four 300-hp. double-draft gas producers;
description of gas producers, gas engines and alternator.

Interconnection. Interconnection in New York State. Elec. World, vol. 82,
no. 20, Nov. 17, 1923, pp. 1013-1016, 1 map on supp. plate. Study of pro-
posed inter-company network designed to give largest power pool in America;
itemization of savings, operating procedure and control; recommendation
for immediate development. Present situation with reference to intercon-
nection in New York and neighbouring states is shown in map.

CHAIN DRIVE
Types. Points to Consider in Using Various Types and Kinds of Chain Drives,
Frank E. Gooding. Indus. Engr., vol. 81, nos. 7, 8 and 9, July, Aug. and Sept.
1923, pp. 335-339 and 373-373, 379-382. and 432-437 and 470, 28 figs. Salient
characteristics and considerations which govern selection of different types
of chain drives for various purposes; information regarding service conditions
which should be known and used as basis for specifying proper chain for given
drive; practical details of specific installations.

CHARTS

Semi-Logarithmic. The Semi-Logarithmic Chart, Allan C. Haskell Indus
Management (N. Y .), vol (ill, no 5. Nov. 1923, pp. 300-301, 5 figs. Use of
semi-logarithmic charts to measure relative on percentage variations; their
value for showing percentage variations.

Thermotechnical Calculations Nomographical Method for the Solution of
Thermotechnics] and Mathematically Related Problems (.N'omographisches
Verfahren zur Losung warmetechnischer Problems sowie mathematisch ver-
wandter Aufgaben), Felix Wolf. Wissenschaftliche Veroffenthchungen aus
ilc in Siemcns-Konzcrn, vol. 3, no. 1, May 15, 1923, pp. 77-93, 19 figs. Presents
differential equation which is integrated and exemplifies its application to
physical phenomena.

CHIMNEYS

Heat Losses in. Analysis of Heat Losses in Chimneys According to the CO2
Content of the Kxhaust Gases (Zur Beurteilung der Warmeverluste im Schorn-
steiu naeh dem C02-Geha!t der Abgase), L. I.itinsky. Feuerungstechnik,
vol. 11, no. 22, Aug. 15, 1923. pp. 217-219. Chimney losses when firing with
solid fuels; losses in connection with excess air with gaseous fuels; necessity
of analysis of fuels.

Steel. Steel Chimneys. Indian & Eastern Engr., vol. 52, no. 1, July 1923, pp. 14-
16a,. 8 figs. Necessity for support; details of design; venturi type of stack;
advantages of steel over brick chimneys.

Tall. Tall Chimneys, W. Wallace Christie. Combustion, vol. 9, no. 5, Nov.
1923, pp. 368-374 and 383, 16 figs. Discusses chimney bases, shafts, lightning
protection, masonry, steel chimneys, venturi type, concrete stacks, and describes
various types, including some exceptionally tall chimneys

CHROME-VANADIUM STEEL

Analysis. The Analysis of Chrome-Vanadium Steel. G. E. F. Lundell, J. I. Hoffman
and H. A. Bright. Indus. & Eng. Chem., vol. 15, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 1064-
1069. Particular emphasis is paid to determinations which are troublesome in
analysis of chrome-vanadium steel, namely, chromium, vanadium, and man-
ganese.

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Electrically Operated. Some features of Importance in Circuit Breaker Design,
E. K. Read. Elec. Jl., vol. 20, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 408-410, 3 figs. Describes
electrically operated oil circuit breaker designed for heavy power-house service.

Oil-Type. British Standard Specification for Oil Immersed Switches and Circuit
Breakers for Alternating Current Circuits. British Eng. Standards Assn.,
No. 116, Aug. 1923, 24 pp., 2 figs. Specification covering: definitions; rating,
sizes and marking; design and construction ; and tests. Appendixes giving notes
on selection of oil immersed circuit breakers, and methods for calculating kva.
to be broken.

CLUTCHES

Centrifugal. Centrifugal Clutches Practical Eng., vol. 68, nos. 1903 and 1904,
Aug. 16 and 23, pp. 87-90 and 102-104, 17 figs. Advantages of various types of
clutches; details of design and application.

Friction. A Review of Power Transmission Machinery. Belting, vol. 23, no. 3, Sept.
1923, pp. 36, 38 and 40, 13 figs. Description of Johnson, Lawton, Farrel, O.K.
Hanson and Mule-Pull types of friction clutches.

COAL

Carbonization. Carbonizing Coal at Low Temperature in the Fusion Retort, C.H.
S. Tupholme. Chem. & Met. Eng.. vol. 29, no. 17, Oct. 22, 1923, pp. 752-765,
3 figs. Process which gives high yield of oils and little gas, can be used for shales
and cannels as well as for coals.

Iliinois, Analysis of. Analyses of Illinois Coals. G. W. Hawley. Satte of 111.
Dept. Registration and Education, Division of State Geol. Survey, Bui. no.
27. 1923, 68 pp., 1 fig. Analytical data of study of chemical character of Illinois
coals based on new face samples collected in 1921 from approximately 100 mines
in various parts of the state with a view to extending knowledge of chemical
properties, heating quality, and special adaptability of Illinois coals.

COAL BREAKERS
Fire-Prevention Equipment. Destruction of Anthracite Breakers Proves Need for
Fire-Prevention and Fire-Fighting Equipment, Hadyn Hammond. Coal Age,
vol. 24, no. 20, Nov. 15, 1923, pp. 729-731, 3 figs. Use of steel and concrete is
said to materially reduce fire hazard; describes spray system in coal breaker.

COAL HANDLING

Conveyors. Mechanical Equipment Cuts Cost of Handling Coal, Russell B. Williams
Contract Rec. & Eng. Rev., vol. 37, no. 42, Oct. 17, 1923, pp. 992-993, 3 figs.
Describes portable belt conveyor which piled coal at a cost of 15 cents per ton
as against 40 cents by hand.

Floating Plants. Floating Coal-Handling Plants for Seaports (Sehwimmende
Kohlenverladeanlagen fur Seehiifen), E. Krahnen Fordertechnick u. Fracht-
verkehr, vol. 16, no. 16, Aug. 18, 1923, pp. 181-183, 5 figs. Floating steam
slewing cranes, for discharging coal from steamers; coat hoists for unloading
coal steamers; coal hoist designed as coal ships for coaling steamers.

Piers. Immense Coal Pier of Virginian Railway Under Construction at Norfolk.
Mfrs. Rec, vol. 84, no. 18, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 97-99, 5 figs. Structure with 7200-
ton-per-hr. capacity, features of which are car dumpers, elevator, 130-ton con-
veying cars, travelling towers with mechanical trimmers, all electrically operated

COAL MINES

Equipment Records. How Permanent Records of Mechanical and Electrical Equip-
ment May Be Kept, J. H. Edwards. Coal Age, vol. 24, no. 10, Oct. 18, 1923,
pp. 586-589, 8 figs. Advantages of equipment records and co-operation needed
to maintain them; how different types of machinery are classified; permanent
inventory made possible; records as guide for purchasing new equipment.

Ventilation. How Mines Can Be Moistened Without Use of a Big Force Fan or
Obstruction of Haulage Roads, Thomas Chester. Coal Age, vol. 24, no. 18,
Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 663-664, 1 fig. By using disk force fan in subsidiary intake
conditioned air is delivered to main airway, ventilation of which is by suction,
air being motionless in mine portal.

COAL MINING
Machine Loading. Machine Loading Reduces Mine Cost 30 Per Cent. Coal Age,
vol. 24, no. 20, Nov. 15, 1923, pp. 733-738, 3 figs. U. S. Coal Commsision inves-
tigator finds machine loading 45 tons per hr.,even though idle 40 per cent of time;
compares machine and hand loading in same mine.

COFFERDAMS
Demolition. Demolition of Cofferdams below Great Falls Power Development
on Winnipeg River. Eng. Jl., vol. 6, no. 11, Nov. 1923, p. 513, 4 figs. Removal
of upper and lower cofferdams used in construction of channel at Whitemud
Falls.

COKE HANDLING
Loading and Transportation. Coke Loading and Transportation (Koksloschung
und Kokstransport) L. Rodde. Gas- u. Wasserfach, vol. 66, nos. 35, 36, 38, 40
and 42, Sept. i, 8, 22, Oct. 6 and 20, 1923, pp. 521-524, 543-545, 568-570, 593-596
and 618-623, 11 figs. Discusses following aspects: Loading, transporting and
storing; conditions which influence appearance of coke; therm-technical and
gas-technical considerations; simplicity of system; economical results; hygiene.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

COLD STORAGE .
Warehouse. Cold Storage Warehouse Has Unusual, Design, Stewart T. Smith. Eng.
NewsrRec, vol. 91, no. 16, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 633-635, 5 figs. Insulation require-
ments complicate design; railway track enters at third floor level; asphalt and
plaster wall coating put on with spray and cement gun.

CONCRETE

Bali, Test on. Ball Test applied to Cement Mortar and Concrete, R. B. Crepps
and R. E. Mills. Purdue University — Bui., vol. 7, no. 6, May 1923, 30 pp.,
17 figs. Investigation conducted for purpose of establishing simple method of
determining mechanical properties of cement mortar and concrete; study relative
to effect of tire loads upon hardness or surface strength of these materials.

Aggregates. Grading of Aggregates and Strength of Concrete. Can. Eng., vol.
45, no. 17, Oct. 23, 1923, pp. 427-430, 2 figs. Fineness modulus has been devel-
oped to indicate size and grading of aggregates and the'r value for use in concrete
explains fineness modulus; proper porportioning may double strength of concrete
From Concrete Data for Engineers and Architects.

Materials Testing. Testing Materials for Concrete, Duff Abrams. Can. Eng.,
vol. 45, no. 15, Oct. 9, 1923, pp. 392-393. Report on methods of testing materials
used in cement concrete pavements presented at Int. Road Congress, Seville,
Spain.

Proportioning. Rich Mix Strengthens Concrete. Can. Engr., vol. 45, no. 14, Oct.
2, 1923, pp. 367-368. Effect of quantity of cement on strength of concrete;
using more cement and less water inproves quality. From Concrete Data for
Engrs. & Architects.

Strength. The Strength of Concrete; Its Relation to the Cement Aggregates and
water, Arthur N. Talbot and Frank E. Richart. Univ. of 111. Bui., No. 137,
Oct. 1923, 116, pp., 46 figs. Methods for studying concrete-making properties
of fine and coarse aggregates and for comparison and acceptance of aggregates;
means for designing concrete mixtures for different densities and strengths when
voids in mortars made up with a given cement and fine aggregate have been
determined by laboratory tests; suggests means for estimating effect upon
strength and density of concrete that accompanies an increase in amount of
mixing water beyond that which would give minimum volume to concrete;
results of tests of mortars and concretes made up with a variety of fine aggregates,
and discussion of methods used.

CONCRETE BLOCKS

Nel-Stone Precast. Nel-Stone Construction, a Precast Monolithic System, William
B. Eastwood. Concrete Products, vol. 20, no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp. 25-28,
6 figs. Consists of precast block 12 by 12 by 4 in., or smaller, block
being edged with grove into which suitable reinforcing rods are introduced, space
left in groove filled with Portland cement grout.

Pre-Cast. New Type of Pre-Cast Concrete Blocks, F. M. McCullough. Can. Engr.,
vol. 45, no. 19, Nov. 6, 1923, pp. 467-469, 4 figs. Results of tests carried out in
materials laboratory of Carnegie Inst. Technology on concrete Universal
building blocks developed by Henderson Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; can be used for
a variety of structures.

CONCRETING

Cold-Weather. How to Use Concrete in Winter Time. Contract Rec, vol. 37,
no. 44, Oct. 31, 1923, pp. 1034-1037, 3 figs. Practical pointers; fundamentals
of cold-weather concreting; methods of winter work; heating forms; protective
coverings; use of salt or calcium chloride; application of load.

COLOR
Ostwald Measurement Method. Color Measurement, by the Ostwald Method.
Ismar Ginsberg. Textile World, vol. 64, no. II, Sept. 15, 1923, pD. 53, 55 and
73, 1 fig. Principles of Ostwald theory and how practical use is made of them;
apparatus employed in analyzing colors; sample analysis; importance of method
for designating colors, determining their purity and defining fastness in exact
terms.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

Belt Conveyors, Use of. Concrete Construction With the Aid of Belt Conveyors,
F. W. Kennedy. Eng. World, vol. 23, no. 4. Oct. 192.3, pp. 215-218, 8 figs.
Describes construction methods in connection with Laurel Road Dam, near
New Canaan, Conn, for Stamford Water Co., which presents interesting plant
layout and an effective and unique use of belt conveyors for handling materials
and for lateral distrib ition of concrete itself.

CONDENSERS, STEAM

Steam Injectors and Water-Jet Pumps. Steam Injectors and Water-Jet Pumps
in Condenser Plants (Dampfstrahlpumpe und Wasserstrahlpumpe bei Kon-
densationsanlagen), L. Heuser and K. Finzel. Schiffbau, vol. 24, no. 51-52,
Sept. 19-26, 1923, pp. 785-791, 5 figs. Comparative tests show superiority of
steam injectors over water-jet pumps.

Surface, Air Pumps for. The Selection of Air Pumps for Surface Condensers.
Shipbldg. & Shipg. Rec, vol. 22, no. 15, Oct. 11, 1923, p. 1923, p. 452. Air
capacity under working conditions; air in pump.

Tubes. Contributions to the Study of Corrosion of Condenser Tubes (Beitrage z'u-
Kenntnis der Korrosion an Kondensatorrohren), E. Maas and E. Liebreich.
Zeit. fur Metallkunde, vol. 15, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp. 245-250, figs. Account
of tests carried out at Chem-Tech. State Inst., Berlin; recommendations for
treatment of surface of condenser tubes; increased protection of zinc-rich brass
against local corrosion.

Determining the Economical Interval Between Cleanings of Condenser
Tubes, C. E. Colborn. Power, vol. 28, no. 21, Nov. 20, 1923, pp. 803-805, 4
figs. Most economical period between tube cleanings depends upon how fast
sediment is deposited, cost of vacuum loss which varies with relative load to
large extent, and cost of cleaning tubes.

CONVEYORS

Assembling. Speeding Up Transmission Assembling. Am. Mach., vol. 59, no. 17,
Oct. 25, 1923, pp. 617-618, 5 figs. Installation of simple assembling conveyor
increases output of same crew over 50 per cent.

Automobile Manufacturing Plants. The Application of Conveyor Equipment
to a Small Production Plant, H. P. Harrison. Soc. Automotive Engrs. — Jl.,
vol. 13, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 357-365, 25 figs. Conditions that determined
whether power-driven or gravity-actuated conveyors should be used; various
types required for handling raw stock, for machining operations, sub-assembling
and finished assemblies; conveyors for handling cylinder castings; handling
parts between department and machines; assembling transmissions, engines
and axles; handling finished cars through final-inspection and touch-up operation

CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
Developments. Co-operation. Monthly. Labor Rev., vol. 17, no. 4, Oct. 1923,
pp. 184-195. Comparative study of co-operation in various countries; develop-
ment of various types of co-operative societies; consumers' socities; court deci-
sion as to contract with co-operative marketing association, Kansas; develop-
ment of building and loan associations in United States; strike of employees
of English co-operative wholesale Society.

COPPER MINES
Electrification. Electrified Copper Mine, J. B. Johnson and C. I,. Gerhardt.
Elec. World, vol. 82, no. 18, Nov. 3, 1923, pp. 903-909, 8 figs. Describes installa-
tion of United Verde Copper Co. at Jerome, Ariz.; underground hoisting stations
used; flexibility and economy of electrification; unusual ore-bin selector.

CORROSION

Tests. The Control of Motion and Aeration in Corrosion Tests, J. F. Thompson
and R. J. McKay. Indus. & Eng. Chem., vol. 15, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1114-
1118, 4 figs. Discusses mechanism by which variation in aeration and rate of
motion affects corrosion rate; gives test method of control sufficiently accurate
to reproduce results within about 5 per cent; results obtained in connection
with series of 2000 tests on acid-resisting metals in 2 to 10 per cent sulphuric
acid, duplicating conditions found in picking steel sheets.
COST ACCOUNTING

Factory. Linking Accounting to Production, Ernst Just. Management & Admini-
stration, vol. 6, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 491-493. Development of New Germany
system of factory accounting called "energetic" method principles and applica-
tions of which are explained; how assets at rest, consumed, newly produced and
total assets are dealt with.

Precalculation and Economic Production (Vorkalkulation und wirtschaf-
tliche Fertigung), C. Riedrich. Werkstattstechnik, vol. 17, no. 20, Oct. 15,
1923, pp. 599-600, 2 figs. Points out importance of modern factory organiza-
tion with special regard to functions of cost finding and its difficulties when
organization is not up-to-date.

Methods. "Is Our Investment in Cost Accounting Profitable" ? Thomas W. Howard.
Factory, vol. 31, nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5, Aug., Sept. Oct. and Nov. 1923, pp. 172-174,
216 and 218; 318-321; 466-167, 512. 514, 516 and 518, 3 figs, and 605-607, 1 fig.
Consideration of questions in effective cost accounting from viewpoint of execu-
tive. Aug. : Common leaks and ways to stop them. Sept. : What the difference
cost methods are. Oct. : Job-cost method and where it works best. Nov. specifi-
cation costs and how they compare with job costs.

CRANES
Cableway. Calculation of Ropes for Cableway Cranes (Zur Berechnung der Trag-

seile von Kabelkranen), V. Hirschhaut. Fordertechnik u. Frachtverkehr, vol.

vol. 16, no. 14, July 18, 1923, pp. 162-163. Simplified method of calculation.
Electric. Electric Cranes, Daniel Adamson. Elec. Rev., vol. 93, no. 2395, Oct.

19, 1923, pp. 567-568. Methods of electric control; crane protective panels;
contractor panels.

Electrically Operated 25ft. Goliath Crane at the Goods Station at Zurich,
W. Druey. Int. Ry. Congress — Bui. vol, 5, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 961-962, 1 fig.
Describes crane designed for loading and unloading furniture vans; also provided
with auxiliary crabs for handling ail types of goods. From Bui. Technique de
la Suisse Romande.

Portable Battery. Three-Motor Portable Battery Crane. Engineering, vol. 116,
no. 3018, Nov. 2, 1923, p. 558, 4 figs. Especially designed for handling freight
on platforms; battery isExide Ironclad type and has capacity of 258 ampere-hr.
on 5-hr. rating.

CRUSHERS

Stone. A recent Development in stone Crushing Machinery, Ernest W. Roland.
Good Roads, vol. 65, no. 14, Oct. 3, 1923, pp. 111-112, 2 figs. Describes
special Duplex synchronous motor attached to Kennedy-Van Saun crusher,
with which crusher can quite probably be started when fully loaded.

CULVERTS
Concrete, Pre-Cast. Pre-Cast Concrete Culverts. Ry. Rev., vol. 73, no. 16, Oct.

20, 1923, pp. 572-574, 3 figs. Extracts from committee report before Am. Ry.
Bridge & Bldg. Assn. General considerations in determining openings of culvert
pipe for railroad embankment.

Selection of Material. The Relative Merits of Concrete, Cast-iron and Corru-
gated Metal Pipe Culverts. Ry. Age vol. 75, no. 16, Oct. 20, 1923, pp. 710-711.
Committee report on various considerations affecting selection of materials most
commonly used in pipe culverts. (Abstract.) Report before Am. Ry. Bridge
& Bldg. Assn.

CUPOLAS

Heat Balance. The Heat Balance of Cupolas (Die Warmebilanz des Kupolofens).
Giesserei-Zeitung, vol. 20, nos. 21 and 22, Oct. 1 and 15 1923, pp. 412-415 and
429-431, 4 figs. Comparison of different analyses; probable values in ordinary
practice; elements of heat balance; remarks on changes of separate expressions
in heat balance; tests with re-dressed coke; heating cupola with pulverized
coal or with heavy oil; use of hot air in cupolas for cast iron.

Waste-Heat Utilization. Utilizing the Waste Heat from the Cupola, G. Ernest
Booker. Iron & Steel of Canada, vol. 6, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 211-212, 4 figs.
Ways in which heat of fuel consumed in operation of a foundry cupola can be used
profitably.

DAMS

Storage. Hollow Dam with Notable Design Features, Frank W. Chappell and
E. M. Urban. Eng. News-Rec, vol. 91, no. 18, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 706-710,
11 figs. Storage dam at Cisco. Tex., has cut-off wall integral with deck; corru-
gated footing resists sliding; 4-mi. railways constructed; forms for deck used
thirty times.

DIELECTRICS

Solid, Contact Electricity of. The Contact Electricity of Solid Dielectrics,
Harold F. Richards. Physical Rev., vol. 22, no. 2, Aug. 1923, pp. 122-133.
Electric charges produced by wringing optically flat surface together were
measured in order to determine whether or not there is possibility of formulating
single-contact theory which will include both metals and dielectrics; determina-
tion of electric effect of compressing amorphous dielectrics, and of collision
of solid insulator and metal.

DIESEL ENGINES
Deutz Compressorless. Horizontal Diesel Motor Without Compressor. Eng.
Progress, vol. 4, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp. 181-184, 15 figs. Particulars of Deutz
engines. Diesel engines without compressor and economic fuel consumption.
Mcintosh & Seymour's New Big Diesel. Motorship, vol. 8, no. 11, Nov.
1923, pp. 772, and 775, 1 fig. American-designed marine engine of 2250 hp.
which has completed successful trials.

DREDGES
Electric Sand-and-Gravel. Electric Equipment of Sand and Gravel Dredges,
J. E. Borland. Elec. Jl., vol. 20, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 390-395, 14 figs.
Describes two electrically operated dredges for sand and gravel service and
their operation.

DRILLING MACHINES
Radial. Improved Radial Drilling Machines. Eng. Production, vol. 6, no. 134, Nov.
1923, p. 451, 1 fig. Describes 6-ft. machine constructed by George Swift & Sons
Ltd., Halifax, for operation upon girder and structural work, boiler and tank

DlfltfiS PiC

Rotary Indexing Table. A New Drilling Device. Eng. Production, vol. 6, no.
134, Nov. 1923, p. 447, 3 figs. Describes device developed by Leyland Motors,
Ltd., Leyland, Lancashire, Eng., to eliminate marking out in connection with
drilling of circles of holes, comprising a rotary work table capable of being index-
ed radially.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

DRYING

Process Chart. Graphic Presentation of Processes of Drying (Einiges aus dem
Bilderbuch iiber Trockniungsvorgange), Karl Reyscher. Gesundheits-Ingenieur,
vol. 46, no. 42, Oct. 20, 1923, pp. 414-416, 3 figs. Describes simplified method
by use of which diagram is obtained visnalizing complicated phenomena of
drying.

DURALUMIN 7

Tension Tests. Tests on Riveted Joints in Sheet Duralumin, II. P. Rettew and G.
Thumin. Nat. Advisory Committee for Aeronautics — Tech. Notes, no. 165,
Nov. 1923, 7 pp., 3 figs. Results of tension tests on various forms of single-
riveted lap joints, Abstracted and revised from thesis presented to Dept. of
Mecb. Eng. of Mass. Inst, of Technology.

EDUCATION, ENGINEERING
Fundamental Studies. Education for the Functional Divisions of Engineering,
Edward Bennett. Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs. — Jl„ vol. 42, no. 11, Nov, 1923, pp.
1145-1152. Presents for consideration course of study in which fundamental
studies of first two years are not identically same in all courses, but are avowedly
different both in content and in aim; each course is intended to provide founda-
tion for what is designated as one of basic types of engineering work or as
one of functional divisions of engineering, these divisions being listed as
engineering research, design, supervision, management, and sales.

ELECTRIC ARC
Mercury. Positive Ion Currents in the Positive Column of the Mercury Arc,
Irving Langmuir. Gen. Elec. Rev., vol. 26, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 731-735.
Negatively charged electrodes in path of mercury arc take up current which
is found to be independent of impressed voltages; starting with this phenomen,
author arrives at theory which not only explains this fact but. which also gives
new conception of nature of mercury arc.

ELECTRIC CURRENTS

Short-Circuits. The Short-Circuits Current of an A. C. Generator (Der Kurzseh-
lusstrom eines Wechselstromgenerators), A. Mandl. Elektrotechnik u. Maschi-
nenbau, vol. 41, no. 42, Oct. 21, 1923, pp. 609-614, 11 figs. Author seeks to
explain in physical terms and without any calculation the phenomena of sudden
short circuits.

ELECTRIC DRIVE

Workshops. Electric Drive for Engineering Workshops, J. Scoular. Common-
waelth Engr., vol. 10, nos. 11 and 12, June 1 and July 1, 1923, pp. 408-409 and
446-451, 8 figs. Application and advantages of electric drive for operation
of machine tools and other machinery employed in workshops; principles
of efficient operations.

ELECTRIC FURNACES

Cathode Radiation. A Cathode Radiation Furanee (Ein Kathodenstrahlofen),
Hans Gerdien and Hans Riegger, Wissenschaftliche Veroffentiichungen aus
dem Siemens-Konzern, vol. 3, no. i, May 15, 1923, pp. 226-230, 3 figs. Consists
of a ball-shaped vessel, from wall of which the cathode radiations run radially
toward preparation to be heated which is located in middle of vessel.

Electrodes. Automatic Hydraulic Regulation of Furnace Electrodes. Electricity,
vol. 37, no. 1679, Jan. 12, 1923, pp. 13-14, 1 fig. Describes hydraulic system
of electrode control, developed by Brown, Boveri & Co., providing a direct-
acting mechanism which requires no sensitive relays, is free from delay in opera-
tion, and has no blacklash or overshooting.

Size and Costs. Size of Furnace Affects Costs, Larry J. Baton. Iron Trade Rev.,
vol. 73, no. 19, Nov. 8, 1923, pp. 1309-1310. Conditions which govern selection
of size of furnace and operating costs for large and small installations based upon
output; little difference is found in costs per ton.

ELECTRIC GENERATORS

Ambient Temperature Tests. Ambient Temperature Observations, H. T. Lange.
Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs— Jl., vol. 42, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1168-1170, 2 figs.
Shows that actual temperature of small machine is of slight importance in its
effect on ambient temperature; size of unit is more important factor; different
between ambient and room temperatures on 6-kw. motor generator set is 0.5
deg. cent.

ELECTRIC GENERATORS, A.C.

Wave Shape, Improving. Improving the Shape of Alternator Voltage Waves, E. W.
Marchant and T. H. Turney. Elecn., vol. 91, no. 2368, Oct. 5, 1923, pp. 362-
363, 4 figs. It is shown that under normal circumstances correction of wave
shape may be affected by described arrangement without altering design of
alternator or decreasing its rating to any appreciable extent. (Abstract.)
Paper read before Brit. Assn.

ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
Baldwtn-Westinghouse. Baldwin-Westinghouse Electric Locomotives for Trunk
Line Service, Paul T. Warner. Baldwin Locomotives. Baldwin Locomotives,
vol. 2, no. 2, Oct. 1923, pp. 28-39, 12 figs. Describes different types of Baldwin-
Westinghouse locomotives in use on different railways.

Transmission by Connecting Rods. New Type of Transmission by Coup-
ling Rods for Electric Locomotives. Int. Rv. Congress — Bui., vol. 5, no. 10,
Oct. 1923, pp. 963-965, 2 figs. Extract article by Joseph Bianchi published in
Revue GSngrale des Chemins de Fer, Feb. 1923.

ELECTRIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Boiler Plants. Electric Measuring Instruments in Steam Plants (Elektrische
Messgerate fur Dampfbctriebe) , G. Quaink. Dinglers Polytechnisches Journal,
vol. 338, nos. 13-14, July 14, 1923, pp. 141-145, 13 figs. Describes different
types of CO and CO2 indicators, thermometers, thermo elements, filament
pyrometers, etc., and their application.
Long-Distance. New Electrical Recording System As Used in Pulp and Paper Mills,
Jj. G. Bean. Paper Trade Jl., vol. 77, no. 19, Nov. 8, 1923, pp. 45-36, 2 figs.
Describes instrument designed and distributed by Bristol Co., of Boston, Mass.,
which enables a measurement of perssure, temperature, liquid level, flow, motion
or other qualities, to be made at a distance up to several miles from point at which
actual condition takes place.

ELECTRIC MOTORS
Installation and Operation. Installation and Care of Motors and Generators.
Indus. Engr., vol. 81, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 540-544 and 563-564, 2 figs. Re-
commendations of Electiic Power Club for handling, installation and operation,
from standpoint of those in charge of their operation and maintenance.

ELECTRIC MOTORS, A.C.
Reaction Synchronous. Polyphase Reaction Synchronous Motors, J. K. Kostko.
Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 42, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1162-1168, 11 figs.
Develops theory of reaction motor, showing that its inferiority is mainly due
to faulty form of rotor; analyses construction whose performance can bo made
comparable to that of any standard type of a.c. motors.

Secondary Windings of Induction. Induction Motor Secondary Windings, C. W.
Kincaid. Elec Jl., vol. 20, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 410-419, 17 figs. Squirrel-
cage rotors; mechanical construction of squirrel-cage windings; wound rotors;
winding connections: modified wave winding.

Sqcirrei.-Cagk A Squirrel-cage Induction Mulnr with High Starting Torque and
Low Starting Current in the Line, T. F. Wall. Elec. Rev., vol. 93, no. 2393.
Oct. 5, 1923, pp. 514-518, 12 figs. Describes new type developed by author.
Paper read before Brit. Assn.

Startino. The Starting of Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Motors, Benjamin P. Bailey.
Am. Inst. Elec. Kngrs. Jl., vol. 42, no II, Nov. 1923, pp. 1172-1181, 8 figs.
Reviews different met hods of starting polyphase induction motors and considers
speed torque curves obtained with various types; effect of starting current upon
line voltages, upon motor and upon connected apparatus; energy required with
various methods.

ELECTRIC SWITCHES

Oil, Trifling Device for. Sensitive Tripping Mechanism for Oil Switches. Engin-
eering, vol. 116, no. 3017, Oct. 26, 1923, pp. 522-524, 14 figs Describes device
which forms part of oil switch-operating gear and does not necessitate use of
any independent relays or tripping circuits.

ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINES

Calculation. Electric Line Calculations: Their Practical Application to Trans-
mission and Distribution Problems, W. T. J. Atkins. Instn. Elec. Engrs. —
Jl., vol. 61, no. 332, Sept. 1923, pp. 1044-1048, 3 figs. Fundamental principles
of type of network feeding scattered loads and having complicated layout; des-
cribes calculating methods based on principle of superposition enabling problems
of any degree of complexity to be solved by successive approximation; calcula-
tion of short-circuit currents and their heating effect.

Constants, Tables of. Tables of Transmission Line Contants, D. D. Ewing.
Purdue University — Bui., vol. 7, no. 8, Sept. 1923, 31 pp., 3 figs. Presents
tables of certain line constants which are of assistance in application of exact
formulas to solution of electric transmission-line problems.

Design. Mechanical Electrical Construction of Modern Power Transmission Lines —
Insulators for High-Voltage Lines, C. B. Carlson and W. R. Battey. An. Inst.
Elec. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 42, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1126-1128, 4 figs. DeaLs with
investigations for economics followed by design assumptions based on econom-
ical findings; limitations by electrical clearances; testing of structures; design
assumptions of cable attachments; extensions required by nature of country
traversed ; erection problems.

Frozen Fog Formation. Transmission Line Construction in Crossing Mountain
Ranges, M. T. Crawford. Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 42, no. 11, Nov.
1923, pp. 1121-1125, 12 figs. Discusses failures occurring in Pacific Northwest
under severe climatic conditions; outlines conditions in extreme loading area
and makes assumption that most severe stresses were largely of intermittent
nature; subsequent modifications in construction.

Ice Lead. The Behavior of Overhead Lines with Additional Ice Lead (Das Verhalten
der Freileitungen bei zusiitzlicher Eisbelastung), H. Kallir. Elektrotechnik
u. Maschinenbau. vol. 41, no. 41, Oct. 14, 1923, pp. 593-602, 5 figs. Specifica-
tions for additional loads in Austria and Germany. Czecho-Slovakia. France,
Switzerland, England, Sweden and United States; behavior of line when addition-
al load is greater than that based on calculation; influence of electric condition
of conductor on development of ice load addition.

Towers, Design and Location. Special Features in the Design of Transmission
Tower Lines as Imposed by Electrical Conditions, W. Dreyer. Am. Inst. Elec.
Engrs.— JL, vol. 42, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1117-1120, 5 figs. Deals with factors
which effect structural and mechanical phases of transmission-line design,
namely, factors affecting design of towers and features involving location of
towers.

Transients. Transmission Line Transients, V. Bush. Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs.. —
Jl., vol. 42, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1155-1158, 13 figs. Results of investigation,
on transients recently performed in Mass. Inst, of Tech., in order to check
experimentally part of theory of transients on transmission lines and cables,,
and to investigate qualitatively certain phenomena of reflection and wave form.
(Abridgement.).

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY

Design Constants. Design Constants and Measuring Units, Lawrence E. Wid-
mark. Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 42, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1153-1154,
3 figs. Presents generalization of method describes in previous paper by
author entitled an Arangement of the Circle Diagram, published in Sept 1922
Journal; outlines unit parabola diagram" for d.c. machine, "unit circle" arrange-
ment of Behrend circle diagram, and cross-section unit reference system where
length dimensions take place of ordinary electric units in recording electrical
data of machine.

Large Capacity of. Electrical Machinery of Large Capacity. (Ausndem Gross-
maschinenban), K. Sache. Elektrotechnik u. Maschinenbau, vol. 41, no. 35,
Sept. 2, 1923, pp. 505-521, 19 figs. Resume of accomplishemnts in design of
large generators and motors during last ten years, with particular attention
to problems of insulation and heating; describes methods which enable modern
designer to build generators with windings withstanding safely dangerous glow
dischanges of high voltages up to about 12,000; cooling and ventilating problems
of turbo-generators; frequent mention is made of American-made apparatus.

Locus Diagrams. The Use of the Scalar Product of Vectors in Locus Diagrams of
Electrical Machinery, Vladimir Karapetoff. Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs. — -Jl., vol.
42, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1181-1183, 5 figs. Shows advantages of branch of
mathematics known as vector analysis in deduction of locus diagram, over usual
method involving plane geometry and trigonometry.

ELECTRIC WELDING, ARC

A. C. Machine. A Pacific Coast Alternating Current Arc Welder. West Machy.
World, vol. 14, no. 10. Oct. 1923, pp. 324-325, 5 figs. Describes a. c. arc-welding
equipment of simple construction and operation, developed and manufactured
by Welding Service & Supply Co., San Francisco, Cal.

Cast Iron. Welding Cast Iron With a Special Nickel Copper Alloy Welding Wire,
Alexander Churchward. Am. Welding Soc. — Jl., vol. 2, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp.
17-19, 3 figs. Descibes successful method of welding cast iron involving new
principle of absorbing carbon contained in cast iron, forming thereby at juncture
of weld a new alloy which not only insures strength equal to that of original
casting, but also permits ready machining; accomplished without pre-heating,
annealing or use of studs.

Efficiency. Efficiency of Arc Welding, R. D. Reed. Welding Engr , vol. 8, no. 10,
Oct. 1923, pp. 28-29, 3 figs. Choosing machine for work; selection of electrodes
and adjusting welding current.

Steel Ship Masts. The Manufacture of Welded Steel Masts, A. G. Bissell. Mar.
News, vol. 10, no. 6, Nov. 1923, p. 75. Describes construction of fourteen
steel masts for seven seagoing tugs at U. S. Navy Yard at l'uget Sound, parts
of which were entirely assembled by arc welding.

ELECTRIC WELDING, RESISTANCE
Sheet Metal. Resistance Welding of Sheet Metal, H. W. Tobey. Am. Welding
Soc— Jl., vol. 2, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp. 24-28, 28 figs. Results of tests made
on various forms of sheet metal.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

ELEVATORS

Cables, Used, Strength of. Chart for Determining the Strength of Used Elevator
Cables. C. W. Willetts. Power, vol. 58, no. 20, Nov. 13, 1923, pp. 762-764, 2 figs
Gives formula which is based on tests made on used cables and wires described
in same journal (Sept, 18), and chart which was worked out to accomplish calcu-
lations that formula is intended to perform.

Governors. Operation of Over-Speed Governors on Electric Elevators, Howard B.
Cook. Power, vol. 58, no. 17, Oct. 23, 1923, pp. 651-652, 2 figs. Cdmparison
of different types of elevator governors and advantages and disadvantages of
each.

Hydraulic vs. Electric. Electric and Hvdraulic Elevators in Modern Buildings,
James A. McHollan. Architectural Forum, vol. 39, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 169-174,
4 figs. Some of the latest improvements in electric elevator equipment,
together with operating records from existing plants; comparative cost figures
of electric and hydraulic-elevators.

EMPLOYEES REPRESENTATION
Discipline and. Employee Representation and Discipline, Elisha Lee. Ry. Age,
vol. 75, no. 19, Nov. 10, 1923, pp. 855-857. Experience on Pennsylvania indica-
tes that disciplinary control has been strengthened.

EMPLOYMENT MANAGEMENT
Pension Costs. Pension Costs and the Labor Turnover Factor, Joseph H. Wood-
ward. Management & Administration, vol. 6, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 483-486,
1 fig. Method of determining cost as percentage of payroll.

ENGINEERING
Automobile. Automobile Engineering as a Profession, H. G. Burford. Automobile
Eng., vol. 13, no. 181, Oct. 1923, pp. 316-319. Notes on standardization;
roads and their relation to transport; legislation; education and training of auto-
mobile engineer; part to be played by Institution.

ENGINEERS

Achievements of. The Rise of The Engineer, C. R. Young. Eng. Jl., vol. 6, no. 11,
Nov. 1923, pp. 508-512. Review of what engineers have achieved; early status
of engineer; growth of confidence in engineer; influence of engineering societies;
profession vs. business future of engineering.

Relation to Public. The Relations of the Engineer to the Public, A. N. Johnson.
Univ. of Va. Jl., Eng., vol. 3, no. 5 Jan. 1923, pp. 93 and 102. Points out
that engineers collectively and individually, should take more active part in
public affairs, in order that they may be intrusted with greater responsibility
in management of public affairs.

ENGINEHOUSES
Lighting. Enginehouse Lighting on the Great Northern. Ry Elec. Engr., vol. 14,
no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 299-300, 4 figs. Describes method of wiring enginehouses
which has advantages of low first cost, overhead lights and durability; 32-
volt extension circuits are a feature.

EXHAUST STEAM
Total Heat, Calculation of. Figuring the Total Heat of Exhaust Steam, A. G.
Christie. Power vol. 58, no. IS, Oct. 30, 1923, pp. 685-686, 1 fig. Methods
by which total heat may be computed for turbines.

EXPLOSIVES
Trinitrotoluene. Strength and Sensitiveness of TNT as Determined by the Labo-
ratory "Sand-Test" Bomb. C. A. Taylor and R. D. Leitch. U. S. Bur. of
Mines — Reports of Investigations, no. 2526, Sept. 1923, 5 pp. Method and
results of tests.

FANS

Air Measurement. Air Measurement Methods for Experimental Work on Fan-
Pipe Installations, G. E. MeElroy and A. S. Richardson. U. S. Bur. of Mines —
Reports of Investigations no. 2527, Sept. 1923, 2 pp. Results of experiments
in Butte mine to determine friction factors for different types and sizes of fan
piping.

FEED-WATER HEATERS

Locomotive. A New Feed-heater for Small Locomotives. Engineer, vol. 136, no.
3537, Oct. 12, 1923, p. 404, 1 fig. Also Ry. Mech. Engr., vol. 97, no. 11,
Nov. 1923, p. 749 1 fig. Describes smokebox feed heater for new type of loco-
motive designed by A. Borsig, Berlin-Tegel; hot gases enter heater through
circular perforated cylinder and are entertained by annular series of steam jets
placed below vertical smoke tubes of heater. Abstract from Verkehrstechnik.

FLIGHT
Control at Low Speed. Control of Aeroplanes at Low Speeds, Melvill Jones.
Roy. Aeronautical Soc— JL, vol. 27, no. 154, Oct. 1923, pp. 473-485 and (dis-
cussion) 485-487, 3 figs. Deals with control of airplane when stalled.

FLOOD CONTROL

Projects and Their Application. Relief From Floods, Chas. B. Burdick. West.
Soc. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 28, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 451-467 and (discussion) 467-
471, 10 figs. Reviews subject of great floods, points out various remedies there-
for, and illustrates few of more important applications.

Tidal Streams. Flood Control in Tidal Streams, W. J. Roberts. Eng. World, vol.
23, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 213-214. Factors which make a tidal stream a menace
to its harbor; constructed channels; causes of flooding of a stream and remedies.

FLOORS
Composition Flooring. Composition Flooring, Ravmond R. Butler. Chem. & In-
dustry, vol. 42, no. 41, Oct. 12, 1923, pp. 980-982. Deals with Portland cement,
magnesite cements, bitumen rubber, calcium-sulphate cements, miscellaneous
cements. Patent literature.

FLOW OF FLUIDS

Calculation. Simplifying the Solution of Problems of Fluid Flow, Barnett F.
Dodge. Chem. & Met. Eng., vol. 29, no. 19, Nov. 5, 1923, pp. 844-846, 3 figs.
Methods of calculation which eliminate procedure of trial and error heretofore
in vogue.

FLUE-GAS ANALYSIS

CO Meters. At Last: A CO Meter. Fuels & Furnaces, vol. 1, no. 6, Oct. 1923,
pp. 471-474, 4 figs. Describes simple electiical apparatus which gives percenta-
ge of CO almost instantly in general indications of combustible gases by this
instrument are accurate within a few tenths of one per cent.

CO2 Meters. An Electrical CO2 Meter. Gas Age-Rec, vol. 52, no. 19, Nov. 10,
1923, pp. 587-588, 4 figs. Describes meter operating on principle different
from usual chemical meter; utilizing physical property of heatconduction of gases.

FLYWHEELS
Energy Effect. Energy Effect of a Flywhell on Rotating Mass. Robert Johnson.
Machy (Lond ), vol. 23, no. 578, Oct. 25, 1923, pp. 102-103, 4 figs. Use of
chart designed by author, by means of which the "m" of wheel or number of ft -
lb. of kinetic energy stored at 1 r.p.m., can be read off by counting number of
rectangles enclosed by section of flywheel.

FORGING
Locomotive Frames. Notable Economies in Forging Locomotive Frames. Ry.
Rev., vol. 73, no. 19, Nov. 10, 1923, pp. 687-689, 7 figs. Beech Grove Ind.,
shops of Big Four forge front end in one piece from scrap material.

FOUNDRIES

Cleaning-Room Costs. Determining Cleaning Room Costs, B. K. Price. Abrasive
Industry, vol. 4, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 311-313, 4 figs. Describes cost system
at plant of Lebanon Steel Foundry, Lebanon, Pa., said to be unique in steel-
foundry industry; wheel performance is based on amount of material removed
in pounds with total cost expressed in terms of cents per pound removed.

Machine-Tool Castings. Makes Machine Tool Castings, Pat Dwyer Foundry
vol. 51, no. 21, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 853-857, 5 figs. Describes plant and equip-
ment of Pratt & Whitney Co., Hartford, Conn., in which molding, melting
and cleaning facilities are particularly adapted to production of high-class
castings.

Overhead Carrying System. Overhead Carrying System for Modern Foundry,
F. H. Bell. Can. Foundryman, vol. 14, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 13-16. 10 figs.
Describes overhead system for conveying molten metal and other meterial in
foundry; saves time and labor, increases production and makes life easier for
workmen.

Steel. Adopts Melting Units to Meet Varied Needs, B. K. Price. Foundrv, vol.
51, no. 21, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 868-872 and 883. Plant of Eastern Steel Castings
Co., Newark N. J., which is largest jobbing foundry in New York metropolitan
district and one of few in country producing both electric and open-hearth steel
castings.

FREIGHT HANDLING

Containers, Road-Railway. Interchangeable Road-Railway Containers? Motor
Transport (Lond.), vol. 37, nos. 969, 970, and 975, Sept. 24, Oct. 1 and Nov.
5, 1923, pp. 384-387, 420-422, 565-566, 38 figs. Discusses question of whether
goods containers or bins interchangeable between road and railway vehicles
can be standardized, making calculations.

Tractor-Trailer System. Developing Lower Costs for Handling Freight. Ry.
Age, vol. 75, no. 17, Oct. 27, 1923, pp. 757-760, 8 figs. Southern Ry. pays for
tractor-trailer installation at Pinners Point, Va., out of savings produced.

FUELS
See Coal; Oil Fuel; Peat; Pulverized Coal.

FURNACES, HEAT-TREATING
Hardening. The New "Ley" Hardening Furnaces, (Der neue "Ley" Harteofen),
Engel. Motorwagen, vol. 26, no. 25, Sept. 10 1923, pp. 374-376, 5 figs. Des-
cribes construction and operation of new furnace, consisting of number of muffles
of different temperature requirement combined in one unit.
Types. A Day at the Ford Plant, W. Trinks. Fuels & Furnace, vol. 1, no. 6, Oct. 1923,
pp. 411^14, 460, 462, 464 and 466^68, 7 figs. Discusses salient features
of the various types of furnaces in operation at Highland Park plant; producer
gas is main fuel; describes Smith gas producers used.

GAGES
Holes, Locating. The Positioning of Holes for Gauge or Jig Work, E. W. Eager.
Mech. World, vol. 74, nos. 1918 and 1919, Oct. 5 and 19, 1923, pp. 206-208
and 238-239, 6 figs. Describes methods for locating holes an a flat surface.

GALVANIZING

Anglo Process. Anglo Process of Galvanizing. Iron & Coal Trades Rev., vol. 107,
no. 2904, Oct. 26, 1923, p. 623. Hot process methods of galvanizing; describes
Anglo process, a new cold process of galvanizing iron and steel, which appears
definitely to solve problem of galvanization by giving iron and steel surfaces
a thoroughly efficient coating of zinc.

Galv annealing Method. A New Process of Coating Metals. Sheet Metal Worker,
vol. 14, no. 20, Oct. 26, 1923, p. 760, 4 figs. Describes galvannealing method
which gives longer protection against rust.

GARBAGE DISPOSAL
St. Louis. Garbage Disposal in St. Louis. Pub. Works, vol. 54, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp.
289-291, 2 figs. Garbage disposal during past 84 years; describes incinerator
built in 1922.

GAS ENGINES
Winkler-Klein. Double Piston Two-Stroke Gas Engine, Type Winkler-Klein. Eng.
Progress, vol. 4, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp. 195-196, 2 figs. Describes engine designed
by Maschinenbau A.-G. vorm. Gbr. Klein of Dahlbruch, which operates accord-
ing to Korting principle, i.e., double effective two-stroke method.

GAS MANUFACTURE

Vertical Retorts. Official Inauguration of the "Dempster-Toogood" Vertical-
Retort Installation and Reconstructed Gas-Works at Great Hardwood. Gas
Jl., vol. 163, no. 3149, Sept. 19, 1923, pp. 847-853, 8 figs. Describes reconstruct-
ed works at Great Harwood, Eng., including coal handling, carbonizing plant,
wagon tippers, coal breaker, elevator, gravity-bucket conveyor, hoist, coke
screening and storage plant purification plant, sulphate plant, etc., Descrip-
tion of Dempster-Toogood system of (steamed) continuous vertical retorting.
GAS PRODUCERS

Central Type. Performance and Grate Tests on Inclined-Retort Batteries Heated
with Central Producer Gas (Leistungs- und Unterfeuerungsversuche an fremd-
gasbeheizten Schragofenbatterien), E. Schumacher. Gas- u. Wasserfaeh,
vol. 66, no. 35, Sept. 1, 1923, pp. 524-526. Results of tests in Frankfurt gas
works on two new installations of highly refractory material with gas heating
supplied from a central producer plant; coke and coal analysis; advantages of
central-type producers.

GEAR CUTTING

Bevel Gears. Straight Bevel Gear Generator Is Designed for Mass Production.
Automotive Industries, vol. 49, no. 19, Nov. 8, 1923, pp. 958-959, 1 fig. Single-
purpose machine brought out by Gleason Works increase speed of manufacture.

Hobbing Machine. New Gear Hobbing Machine. Iron Age, vol. 112, no. 17, Oct.
25, 1923, pp. 1115-1116, 5 fig. Machine for accurate hobbing of spur and
spiral gears developed by Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co.
GEARS

Bevel. Spiral Bevel Gears Which Can Be Hobbed, Nikola Trbojevich. Am.
Mach., vol. 59, no. 18, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 647-652, 8 figs. New Theory of bevel
gearing; how tapered hob can be employed; method of determining action of
gearing.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

GRINDING

Cylindrical Production. Development in Production Grinding in the Automotive
Industry, Oscar A. Knight. Soc. Automotive Engrs. — .11 . vol. 13, no. 5,
Nov. 1923, pp. 387-302, 16 figs. Details of new attachments, mechanisms
and grinding machines; author points out importance of quality product to
serve needs of automotive industry adequately.

Steel Castings. Steel Casting Grinding Practice, Herbert R. Simonds. Abrasive
Industry, vol. 4, no. 11. Nov. 1923, pp. 318-320, 4 figs. Selection of wheels;
use of goggles and wheel guards; correct wheel speeds essential.

GRINDING MACHINES
Spur-Gear. Spur-Gear Grinding and Testing, A. J. Ott and C. I,. Ott. Soc. Auto-
motive Engrs. — Jl., vol. 13, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 401-406, 19 (igs. Grinding
machine for finishing spur gears which, it is claimed will grind transmission gears
on production bases after they have been heat treated, will produce correct
tooth contour, smooth finish, and accurate tooth spacing; also describes
machine for testing gears that have been ground.

HACK-SAWING MACHINES
Developments. Developments in Power Hacksaw Blades and Machines. Machy.
(Lond.), vol. 23, no. 577, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 65-69, 9*figs. Describes new type
of saw biade with specially set tooth patented by A. H Evans: sharpening machi-
ne for reconditioning blades, and sawing machine suitably adapted to run at
high speeds under more severe conditions required to obtain maximum advan-
tages from new blades.

HANDLING MATERIALS
Foundries. A Cost Comparison in Handling Materials, Shellman B. Brown. Mana-
gement & Administration, vol. 6, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 611-616, 6 figs. Mechan-
ical equipment contrasted with hand labor at Warren Foundry & Pipe Co.

HARBOR IMPROVEMENT
Toronto, Canada. Plans for Toronto Harbor Development, R. Home Smith.
Can. Engr., vol. 45, no. 19, Nov. 6, 1923, pp. 475-177. Commissioners' propo-
sals include refinancing, sale of lands, tanks at Sunnyside, completion of drive-
ways, bridges across harbor entrances, and preservation of Scarboro bluffs and
eastern beaches; factors affecting industrial growth.

HARDNESS

Ball Hardness Testing. Brinell Hardness Tests, Practical Engr., vol. 68, nos.
1909 and 1910, Sept. 27 and Oct. 4, 1923. pp. 175-176, and 185-187, 3 figs.
Ball-indentation principle of comparing hardness of metals. Formulas and
calculations.

Scleroscope, Application of. The Standardization of Methods of Applying the
Scleroscope, A. F. Shore. Soc. Automotive Engrs. — Jl., vol. 13, no. 5, Nov.
1923, pp. 409-416, 16 figs. Statement of nine items suggested by Iron and
Steel Division of Society for consideration with reference to securing greater
uniformity in practice when making precision hardness tests with scleroscope;
comparison between Brinell and scleroscope hardness testing.

Testers. Hardness Tester on the Rebound Principle H. Degen. Eng. Progress, vol.
4, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp. 193-194, 7 figs. Design and performance; Shore's hard-
ness index; examples of application of hardness tester on rebound principle.

HEALTH
Supervision in Industry. The Economics of Health Supervision in Industry, Ber-
nard Langdon Wyatt. Am. Jl. Pub. Health, vol. 13, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 914-
919. Factors which determine degree of success, stability and permanence
of such supervision; question of returns.

HEAT TRANSMISSION
Cylinders. Heat Migration in Cylinders from Homogeneous Heat Conductors (Waw-
mewanderung in Zylindern aus homogenen Warmeleitern), Ernst OelschlSger.
Wissenchaftliche Veroffentlichungen aus dem Siemens-Konzern, vol. 3, no. 1,
May x5, 1923, pp. 29-40, 5 figs. Describes approximate method for calculation
of temperature in relation to time in long cylindrical bodies, when these are
heated internally or externally.

HEATING, ELECTRIC
Dwellings. Facts About Electric Heating, M. P. Whelen. Elec. News, vol. 32,
no. 18, Sept. 15 1923, pp. 78-80, 3 figs. Results of special research on applica-
tion of electrical heating systems to dwellings; sizes of units; energy required;
cost of installation; limiting factors.

HEATING, GAS

Experiments. The Denber Residence Gas-Heating Experiment, T. M. Foulk and
T. G. Storey. Heat. & Vent. Mag., vol. 20, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 37-43,
11 figs. Detailed report of conditions under which this program inaugurated
by Denver Gas & Elec. Light Co., is being conducted, methods and experience
relative to installations, and economics results obtained.

Industrial. Industrial Gas Heating (Ausgewahlte Kapitel aus dem Gebiete der
gewerblichen Gasfeuer), H. Albrecht. Gas- u. Wasserfach, vol. 66, no. 24,
June 16, 1923, pp. 346-353, 9 figs. Deals with following problems; Fixing
price of gas to compete with price of coal firing; low-pressure gaj, compressed
air, and compressed gas; removal of exhaust gases; heat losses, their prevention
and recovery.

HEATING, STEAM

Central-Station. Analysis of Some Central Station Heating Plant Problems.
Mun. & Country Eng., vol. 65, no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp. 101-107. Growth of cen-
tral-station heating; advantages to consumer; advantages of steam; factors
affecting success; location of plant relative to water and coal supply; design
and equipment of plant; data on Minnesota plants.

The New Central Heating Plant of Queen's University and Kingston
General Hospital. L. M. Arkley and W. P. Wilgar. Eng. Jl., vol. 6, no. 11, Nov.
1923, pp. 475-483, 12 figs. Design and equipment of plant in which existing
equipment was used wherever practicable.

Community or Group. Facts and Figures on Community or Group Heating, H. C.
Kimbrough, Mun. & County Eng., vol. 65, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 146-148.
Investigation of engineering and commercial factors. Data on cost of construc-
tion and operation of single unit, or block plant, consisting of 42 residences,
4 apartment buildings, 1 club and 9 garages.

Counter-Flowing Condensate. Critical Velocity of Steam with Counter-Flowing
Condensate, William A. Pearl and Eri B. Parker. Heat. & Vent. Mag., vol.
20, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 46-49, 3 figs. Practical data secured through recent
tests for solving problems where flow of condensation is counter to steam flow.
From Eng. Bui. No. 13 issued by State College of Wash. Experiment Station.
HIGHWAYS

Pavement Design. What is the Correct Design for a Highway Pavement? Elmer
G. Hooper. Good Roads, vol. 65, no. 14, Oct. 3, 1923, pp. 105-106. Most
important obstacle to determine design in author's opinion is lack of permanency
of supports for road structure.

HYDRANTS

Street and Fire. Modern Street and Fire Hydrants (Moderne Strassen-und Feuer-
losch-Hydranten), \\ . Heubeling. Gas- u. Wasserfach, vol. 38, no. 39, Sept,
29, 1923, pp. 5S2-583. Describes various, types.

HYDRAULIC TURBINES

Draft Tubes. Comparative Tests on Experimental Draft-Tubes, C. M. Allen and
I. A. Winter. Am. Soc. Civ. Engrs. I'roc, vol. 19, no. 9, Nov. 1923, pp. 1813-
1845, 29 figs. Results of tests made at Alden Hydraulic Laborarory on 12
model draft tubes, to determine relative efficiencies of draft tubes of different
types under hydraulic conditions existing at 120,000-hp. hydro-electric power
plant under construction.

Economic Operation. Economical Operation of Hydraulic Turbines, Amory R.
Haynes. Elec. Light & Power, vol. 1, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 19-21, 50-52, an
54-55, 6 figs. Discussion of economical use of water in a station, and features
of system operation affecting best internal economy; tesi data.

Flume Calculation. Hydraulic Calculation of Flumes (Hydraulisk hcriikning
av flottningsrannor), Frederick Jonson. Teknisk Tidskrift, vol. 53, no. 17,
Apr. 28, 1923, pp. (Viigoch Vattenbyggnadskonst) 37-41, 4 figs. Formulas
and calculations for flumes of turbines of hydro-electric plants, and examples
of application.

Kaplan High-Speed. European Development in High-Speed Hydraulic Turbines,
Elov Englesson. Power, vol. 58, no. 20, Nov. 13, 1923, pp. 758-760, 10 figs.
Kaplan-type turbines designed with movable blades to be ail justed for different
load conditions, which improve part-load efficiencies; 11,200-hp. turbine of this
type under construction in Sweden to operate under 21.25 ft. head and run
at 62.5 r.p.m.; runner is 19 ft. in diam. and weights 62.5 tons.

Racing. Protection Against the Racing of Hydraulic Turbines (Sehutz gegen das
Durchgehen von Wassertubinen C. Reindl. Elektrotechnik u. Maschinenbau,
vol. 41, nos. 39 and 40, Sept. 30 and Oct. 7, 1923, pp. 566-571 and 582-586, 10
figs. Investigation of influence of different protective arrangements, influence
of flywheel moment, and water content of turbine chamber and pine pipe on
increase in speed.

Reaction in. A Study of Irregularity of Reaction in Francis Turbines, Roy Wilkins.
Am. Inst. Elee. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 42, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1141-1144, 14 figs.
Describes successful method of study of such phenomena as vibration caused
by irregularity of reaction manifesting itself in several impulses per second.

HYDRO-ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENTS
Augusta, Ga., Project. Proposed Electrification of the Augusta, Georgia, Power
Canal, Nisbet Wingfield. Mun. & County Eng., vol. 65, no. 3, Sept. 1923,
pp. 121-126. Present sources of power; how additional power can be obtained;
possible sites for hydro-electric development; proposed development.

HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANTS

California. Recent Hydro-electric Developments of Southern California Edison
Company, H. L. Doolittle. Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs. — Jl., vol. 42, no. 11, Nov.
1923, pp. 1132-1133. Details of Kern River and Big Creek power plants; instal-
lation of venturi meters; draft tubes; impulse wheels; and rubber seal rings.

Canada. Hydro Development at Chute Des Galets, Hector Cimon, Can. Engr., vol.
45, no. 14, Oct. 2, 1923, pp. 361-362, 4 figs. Describes hydro-electric plant
on Shipshaw river built to supply power to paper mill at Kenogami, Que. ; concre-
te dam and power house; two vertical turbines direct-connected to 8000-kva.
generators.

Spokane, Wash. Upper Falls Development of The Washington Water Power
Company in Spokane, Wash., L. J. Pospisil. Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs. — Jl., vol.
42, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1133-1140, 6 figs. Describes hydro-electric develop-
ment in centre of city having single vertical-shaft generator and delivering its
output to busses of existing distribution substation 350 ft. distant, excitation
and load control of new generator being from substation.

ICE PLANTS

Electrically Operated. Electrically-Driven Ice-Making Plant. Ice & Cold
Storage, vol. 26, no. 306, Sept. 1923, pp. 211-212, 4 figs. Details of installation
consisting of two separate and independent units, each capable of producing
75 tons of ice per day.

Spray-Cooling Equipment. Spray-Cooling Equipment for Ice Plants, B. R.
Sausen. Rerfig. Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp. 94-95 and (discussion)
95-96. Type design, size and arrangement of nozzles; type of spray; type and
function of louvre; etc. This method has low initial and operating cost, prac-
tically no maintenance cost and satisfactory cooling effect.

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT

Budgetary Control. The Monthly Financial Budget, Joseph H. Barber. Manage-
ment & Administration, vol. 6, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 453^57, 1 fig. Budge-
tary procedure adopted by Walworth Mfg. Co.

Control System. The "Tell-Tale" Control Board, Chester B. Lord. Management
& Administration, vol. 6, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 467-472, 7 figs. Describes simple
self-contained, kinetic chart capable of indicating simultaneously any or all
factors of industrial operation in terms of sommon denominator, and of indicat-
ing selective responsibility in measure that condition of any item demands.

Cost Control. Interpreting Operation to the Directors, Goeffrey C. Brown. Mana-
gement & Administration vol. 6, no. 5, Nov. 1924, pp. 593-598, 6 figs. Des-
cribes methods employed in New York mirror factory for purpose of presenting
data in such a way that picture of month's activity is constantly before manage-
ment, and easily accessible to board of directors; tables and graphs prepared
by planning office in closing the month.

Financial Control. Finance and Common Sense, C. L. Eiermann. Management
& Administration, vol. 6, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 487-490. Practical suggestions
for proper handling of financial matters, emphasizing particularly necessity
of co-ordinating financial program with sales and production programs.

Planning System. A Workable Planning System for the Moderate Sized Plant, A.
F. Erikson. Factory, vol. no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 611-612, 4 figs. Basis of system
is large planning.board provided with horizontal angle pockets for each machine;
planning slip used in connection with board is ruled along one side to indicate
hours and fractions of hours.

INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION

Vertical Combination. The "Vertical Combination" and How it Reduces Distri-
bution Costs, William R. Basset and Johnson Heywood. Indus. Management
(N. Y.), vol. 66, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 278-280, 1 fig. Shows why vertical com-
bination — a combination of links in chain from raw material to distributed
product — is inevitable development of near future, and outlines possibilities
of such combinations.

INDUSTRIAL PLANTS

General Electric Co., Schenectady. Extreme Variety Versus Standardization,
John H. Van Deventer. Indus. Management (N. Y.), vol. 66, no. 5, Nov. 1923,
pp. 253-264, 19 figs, partly on supp. plate, Production problems of Gen.
Elec. Co. The Schenectady works.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES

Friction Losses. Influence of Speed and Temperature on Friction Losses in Internal-
Combustion Engines (Influence de la vitesse et de la temperature sur les pertes
par frottements dans les moteurs a explosions), Andre Planiol. Academie des
Sciences — Comptes Rendus des Seances, vol. 176, no. 16, Apr. 16, 1923, pp.
1044-1047, 2 figs. Results and deductions from experiments made on a single-
cylinder 4-stroke gas engine, 30 hp., 200 r.p.m., 290-mm. bore, 430-mm. stroke,
on town gas with volumetric compression 7(). /

Heat Transmission in. Heat Transmission in Internal-Combustion Engines (Der
Warmeiibergang in der Verbrennungskraftmaschine), Wilhelm Nusselt. Zeit.
des Vereines deutscher Ingenieurc. vol. 67, nos. 28 and 29, July 14 and 21, pp.
692-695 and 708-711, 6 figs. Study of cooling of hot combustion gases, based
on explosion tests in spherical bombs; formulas for heat-transmission coeffi-
cients; equation for calculation of heat exchange between gas and wall in inter-
nal combustion engine. .

See also Airplane Engines; Diesel Engines; Gas Engines; Oil Engines; Semi-
Diesel Engines\

IRON CASTINGS

Separation under Solidification. Separation Phenomena in Castings (Ent-
mischungsercheinungen an Gussstiioken), Reinh. Kuhnel. Giesserei-Zeitung,
vol. 20, no. 21, Oct. 1, 1923, pp. 407-411, 6 figs. Mixture of layers; mixture
of zones; causes of zone separation; influence of contraction; practical examples;
experimental results.

IRON FOUNDING

Casting-On to Metal. Casting-On to Metal, etc., in Foundry Work, Walter J.
May., English Mechanics & World of Sci., vol. 118, no. 3056, Oct. 19 1923, pp.
162-163, 4 figs. Informative account of, modern foundry methods.

IRON, PIG
Mixers. Temperature Changes in Thomas Pig Iron on the Way from Blast Furnace
to Converter (Die Temperaturveranderungen des Thomasroheisens auf dem
Wege von Hochofen zur Birne), E. Septzler. Stahl u. Eisen, vol. 43, no. 42, Oct.
18, 1923, pp. 1315-1321 and (discussion) 1321-1322, 6 figs. Describes mixer
plant in steel works at Rheinhause, Germany; temperature losses of pig iron
for blast-furnace tapping to converter; reduction of heat losses of mixer through
insulation; tests with one-mixer and two-mixer practice and results.

IRRIGATION

Turlock District, California. The Don Pedro Project of the Turlock Irrigation
District, R. W. Shoemaker. Gen Elec. Rev., vol. 26, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp.
736-740, 7 figs. Construction details, with special reference to electrical equip-
ment.

Water, Use of. Theory and Tests on Duty of Irrigation Water, Eng. News-Rec,
vol 91, no. 16, Oct. 17, 1923, pp. 642-645. Discussion of article on Economical
Use of Irrigation Water Based on Tests by W. Gardenr, M. Clyde and O. W.
Israelsen, published in previous issue of journal.

LABOUR
Wages and Hours. Wages and Hours of Labor. Monthly Labor Rev., vol. 17, no.
4, Oct. 1923, pp. 59-69. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and machine
shops, 1923; schedule of wages for civil employees under naval establishment;
English factory hours and two-shift system for women; etc.

Wages, Hours and Employment in American Manufacturing, July, 1914 —
July, 1923. Nat. Indus. Conference Board — Research Report, no. 62, 1923,
154 pp., 8 tables, 10 charts. Report portrays important features of movement
of hourly and weekly earnings, hours of plant operation and worker hours, as
well as number employed, during 9 years since pre-war period, treating in detail
trends in past 3 years.

LABORATORIES
Foundry. Designing and Equipping a Foundry Laboratory, H. H. Shepherd. Foun-
dry Trade J!., vol. 28, nos. 373, 374 and 375, Oct. 11, 18 and 25, 1923, pp. 305-
307. 334-337 and 352-353, 16 figs. Status of laboratory; site; building; fur-
nishing; balance room; chemical laboratory; titrating bench; fume cupboards;
Ehysical laboratory; microscope and dark room; bench considerations; lighting,
eating and ventilation; estimated cost.

LATHES

Turret. Modern Turret Lathe Refinements, E. W. Field. British Machine Tool
Eng., vol. 2, no. 23, Sept.-Oct. 1923, pp. 688-691 and 712, 6 figs. Describes
developments.

LIGHTING

Progress 1922-1923. The Year's Progress in Illumination 1922-1923. Illuminating
Eng. Soc. — Trans., vol. 18, no. 7, Sept. 1923, pp. 5S3-678. Report of
committee on progress. Deals with gas. incandescent electric lamps, arc
and vapor tube lamps, lamps for projection purposes, street lighting and other
exterior illuination, interior illumination, luminaires, photometry, physics,
physiology, illuminating engineering. Bibliography.

Railway. Report of Committee (Assn. Ry. Elec. Engrs.) on Illumination. Ry.
Elec. Engr., vol. 14, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 361-367, 5 figs. Review of develop-
ment in incandescent lamp and illumination fields that are of interest to rail-
way electrical engineers; changes in industrial lighting codes; diversity of opinion
as to how flood lighting should be applied.

Street. Street Lighting — An Undeveloped Source of Revenue, G. E. Miller. Elec.
World, vol. 82, no. 17, Oct. 27, 1923, pp. 859-862, 4 figs. Describes plan worked
out in East Cleveland whereby city installed at its own expense poles, brackets
and lamps, while Cleveland Elec. Illuminating Co. provided necessary over-
head and underground distribution to lamps transformers, etc.

LOCOMOTIVES

Diesel-Engined. A New Diesel Locomotive, George Held and M. Kuljinski.
Verkehrstechnik, vol. 40, no. 40, Oct. 5, 1923, pp. 361-363. Disadvantages of
present-day steam locomotives and advantages of Diesel locomotives are pointed
out; design of new Diesel locomotive and its useful possibilities.

How the Sulzer-Diesel Locomotive Operated. Oil Engine Power, vol. 1,
nos. 7 and 8, July and Aug., 1P23, pp. 337-339, and 401-406, 7 figs. Detailed
description of Diesel engine which developed over 1600 b.hp. in a locomotive
that weighed 95 tons and which represented greatest departure ever made
from standard Diesel practice.

Electric. See Electric Locomotives.

Half-Stroke Cut-off. Possibilities of Half Stroke Cut-off Locomotive, W. F. Kiesel,
Jr. Ry. Age, vol. 75, no. 20, Nov. 17, 1923, pp. 903-906, 3 figs. Advantages
of compound and three-cylinder types combined with simplicity of two-cylinder
types combined with simplicity of two-cylinder type. (Abstract.) Paper read
befor.. \. « York I!. R. Club.

Headlights. Report of Committee (Assn. Ry. Elec. Engrs.) on Locomotive Head-
lights. Ry. Elec. Engr., vol. 14, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 354-359, 4 figs. Status
of marker and classification lights with regard to operating rules; photometry
tests for headlight reflectors recommended.

Heat Economy in. Heat Economy in Steam Locomotives (Warmewritschaft bei
Dampflokomotiven), L. Schneider. Archiv fur Warmewirtschaft, vol. 4, no.
8, Aug. 1923, pp. 145-149, 9 figs. Notes on firing, boiler, preheater, superheater,
engine and valve gear, etc.

Lubricated Area. A New Language for the Steam Locomotive. Ry. & Locomotive
Eng., vol. 36, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 346-348, 3 figs. Sets forth wide range
of difference in lubricated areas engines in same class of service.

Steam-Turbine. Ramsay Turbo-Electric Condensing Engine. Ry. Mech. Engr.,
vol. 97, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 746-749, 6 figs. Experimental locomotive develop-
ed by Armstrong, Whitworth & Co.; details of latest modified design; results
of tests.

Three-Cylinder. New York Central Three-Cvlinder Locomotive. Rv. Mech.
Engr., vol. 97, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 743-744, 1 fig., also Ry. Age. vol. 75, no.
18, Nov. 3, 1923, pp. 821-822, 1 fig. 4-8-2 type for freight service, with booster,
develops 75,700 lb. tractive force; adhesion factor 3.73.

Wheel Guidance in Track. The Guidance and Running of Locomotive Wheels
on the Track (Fiihrung und Lauf des Lokomotivrades im Geleise), J. Buchli.
Schweizerische Bauzeitung, vol. 82, no. 10, Sept. 8, 1923, pp. 119-125, 14 figs.
Results of model test for investigation of lateral holding power of a wheel on
rail under widely differing operating conditions.
LUBRICANTS

Cutting Tools. Tool Engineering, Albert A. Dowd and Frank W. Curtis. Am.
Mach., vol. 59, no. 17, Oct. 25, 1923, pp. 613-615, 1 fig. Cutting lubricants and
their application ; principles of coolants; suitability to material being cut; factors
such as power consumption and removal of chips.
LUBRICATING OILS

Reclamation of. Reclaiming Power Plant Lubricants, Allen F. Brewer. Elec. Light
& Power, vol. 1, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 13-16 and 64-65, 8 figs. Describes
methods of purification and reclamation systems.

Storage and Handling. Lubricating Oil Storage and Handling Methods, Allen
F. Brewer. Elec. Light & Power, vol. 1, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp. 13-16, 76-77 and
79, 7 figs. Deals with type of shipping container that is to be handled, construc-
tion of oil house, equipement installed for handling shipping containers, storage
tanks and their appurtanances, manner of delivery to the various parts of plant,
and means for measuring oil so delivered.

LUBRICATION

Power Plants. What the Lubrication Engineer Has Done for Power Plant Main-
tenance, Allen F. Brewer. Indus. Management (N. T.), vol. 66, no. 5, Nov.
1923, pp. 281-289, 10 figs. Discusses various lubricants and their characteris-
tics and shows how modern science of lubrication makes it possible to keep it
under control.

MAGNESIUM
Foundry Uses. Magnesium in the Foundry, H. J. Mavbrey. Metal Industry (Lond.
vol. 23, nos. 14 and 15, Oct. 5 and 12, 1923, pp. 292, and 315-318, 4 figs. Uses
of magnesium; objection to chloride flux; procedure of magnesium melting and
pouring; casting in chill molds; casting in sand molds; affinity for water; mould-
ing sand; casting design.

MAGNETISM
Theory. The Modern Theory of Magnetism (La teoria del magnetismo di ampere
secondo Ie viste moderne), Luigi Donati. Elettrotecnica, vol. 10, no. 15, May
25, 1923, pp. 325-327. Explains theory of magnetism according to modern
views on electrons; known differences between magnetic and electric circuits
with regard to mechanical work explained.

MAPPING
Aerial Photography. Topographic Surveying from the Air, J. W. Bagley, L. B.
Roberts and Eric. Haquinius. Military Engr., vol. 15, no. 64, Nov.-Dec. 1923,
pp. 505-507, 2 figs. Equipment for taking aerial photographs; method of obtain-
ing planimetric detail from photographs; interpretation of information shown
on photograph, and use of stereoscope in this connection.

MARINE STEAM TURBINES

German Construction. Marine Turbines of the German General Electric Co. Berlin
(Der Schiffsturbinenbau der AEG-Berlin), E. A. Kraft. Zeit. des Vereines
deutscher Ingenieure, vol. 67, no. 43, Oct, 27, 1923, pp. 1002-1007, 25 figs.
Describes turbines, transmission gear thrust bearings and condensers construct-
ed by A. E. G.

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Out-of-Roundness Measurement. Factors Governing "Out-of-Roundness" Measu-
rement, A. H. Frauenthal. Soc. Automotive Engrs. — Jl., vol. 13, no. 5, Nov.
1923, pp. 370-374, 7 figs. Types of out-of-roundness and those peculiar to certain
machines; three-point measuring system; errors of V-block method; use of V-
block for elliptical objects; other methods of checking elliptical forms and indi-
cator-reading correction; three items for instrument improvement are suggested.
METALS

Cleaning. Metal Cleaning F. H. Guernsey. Machy. (N. Y.), vol. no. 3, Nov. 1923,
pp. 185-186. Deals with factors involved in effective cleaning, namely, condi-
tion of water, type of equipment, temperature of cleaner, and time allowed
for cleaning.

Cold Working. The Cold Working of Metals, Machy. (Lond.), vol. 23, no. 575,
Oct. 4, 1923, pp. 17-20, 5 figs. Relative effects of cold and hot working; bright
drawn steel bar; cold-drawn tubing; wire drawing; cold-working effects on non-
ferrous metals.

Internal Strains. The Heyn Theory of the Stiffening of Metals Due to Hidden
Elastic Stresses (Zur Heyn'schen Theorie der Verfestigung der Metalle durch
verborgen elastische Spannungen), George Masing. Wissenschaftliohe Vero-
ffentlichungen aus dem Siemens-Konzern, vol. 3, no. 1, May 15, 1923, pp. 231-
239,4 figs. Confirmation of Heyn's theory that stiffening phenomena are partially
due to internal strains.

Overstrain. Overstrain in Metals, Joseph Kaye Wood. Am. Inst. Mon. & Met.
Engrs.— Trans., no. 1278-S, Nov. 1923, 13 pp., 12 figs.; also (abstract) in Min.
& Metallurgy, vol. 4, no. 203, Nov. 1923, pp. 575-577, 1 fig. Overstrain depends
on partial elastic act ion occurring above elastic limit ; amount depends on amount
of "hyper" elastic energy expended, which energy corresponds to partial elastic
action; this energy depends furthermore on elastic and plastic constants of
metal; with aid of these principles shape of stress-strain diagram is explained.

Testing, Value of Energy Relation in. The Value of the Energy Relation in the
Testing of Ferrous Metals at Varying Ranges of Stress and at Intermediate
and High Temperatures, T. M. Jasper. Lond., Edinburgh, & Dublin Philoso-
phical Mag. & Jl., Sci., vol. 46, no. 274, Oct. 1923, pp. 609-627, 10 figs. Develop-
ment of energy equation with reference to testing; testing materials at various
temperatures; application of use of energy relation to static testing of ferrous
materials at various temperatures. Conclusions based on fatigue experiments.

MICROMETERS
Ocular. A New Ocular Micrometer, Hermann Kellner. Optical Soc. Am. — Jl.,
vol. 7, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 889-891, 4 figs. Describes micrometer employing
sliding measuring wedge in place of micrometer screw.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

MINERAL RESOURCES
Canada. Mineral Resources along Hudson Bay Railway and round Hudson Bay.
Can. Min. Jl., vol. 44, nos. 42 and 43. Oct. 1" and 26, 1923, pp. 831-823 and
843-S45. Brief synopsis of important available information by Natural Resour-
ces Intelligence Service, Ottawa, concerning resources of that portion of country
lying adjacent to Hudson Bay, and Hudson Bay railway in particular.

MINES

Reports. An Analytical Method of Summarizing Mining Reports, Frederick C.
Fearing. Eng. & Min. ,11.— Press, vol. 116, no. 17, Oct. 27, 1923. pp. 713-718,
6 figs. Use of a "critical value" of ore a factor significant in condensing and
presenting results of an engineer's examination of a mine. Suggests certain
broad principles in use of estimates and illustrates them by specific examples.

Timbering. Timbering of Metal Mines, E. A. Holbrook, Richard V. Ageton and
Harry E. Tufft. U. S. Bur. Mines, Bui. 215, 1923. 70 pp., 77 figs. Necessity
for timber in mining; principles of mine timbering; structure of wood; behavior
of wood under pressure; kinds of timber employed in mining; methods of
timbering tunnels, drifts, crosscuts, inclined shafts and winzes, and vertical shaft;
combination of vertical and inclined shafts; safety in mine timbering; effect
of ventilation; preservation of mine timbers.

Valuation. Valuation of Metal Mines, Orr R. Hamilton. Min. & Metallurgy,
vol. 4, no. 203, Nov. 1923, pp. 568-571. Various bases of valuation; method
of "present worth"; factors determining present worth; selection of suitable
discount rate.

MOTOR BUSES

Improvements. Low Frames, Air-Brakes and 6-CyIinder Engines Features New
Buses, Herbert Chase. Automotive Industries, vol. 49. no. 16, Oct. 18, 1923,
pp. 779-784, 8 figs. Federal, International, Yellow, Pierce-Arrow and Acme
show new models at exhibit in Atlantic City; changes in Mack, White and F.A.C.

Six-Wheel. A Six-Wheel Stage Is Developed in California. Bus Transportation,
vol. 2, no. 6, June 1923, pp. 265-267, 6 figs. Describes vehicle with a 4-wheel
rear end in service on Cal. Transit Co.'s system, having seating capacity of 26;
26 ft. long from front to rear bumpers; better braking, no skidding wider tread,
more tire mileage and easier tiding are advantages claimed for it.

MOTOR TRUCKS

A. E. C. An A. E. C. 2-Tonner. Motor Transport, vol. 37, no. 970, Oct. 1, 1923, pp.
414-417, 7 figs. Entirely new model for goods or passenger service embodying
many special feature; 4-cylinder engine developing 30 b.hp. at 1000 r.p.m.;4-
speed gear box.

Radiators. Motor-Truck Radiator-Design, R. S. Wentworth. Soc. Automotive
Engrs.— Jl., vol. 13, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 393-391. Enumerates seven require-
ments dictated by necessity for greater reliability of truck radiators.

OIL ENGINES

Airless-Injection. Solid Injection Fuel Systems of Oil Engines, Richard D. Watson.
Oil Engine Power, vol. 1, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 495-497. Notes on design of
spray valves and fuel pumps for airless injection engines, with consideration
of factors influencing problems that have to be met.

Development. The Crude Oil Engine Johnstone-Taylor. Gas & Oil Power, vol.
19, nos. 215, 216 and 217 Aug. 6, Sept. 6 and Oct. 4, 1923, pp. 184-186, 203-205
and 11-14, 13 figs. Development of present designs. Convertible gas and oil
engines; describes four-stroke and two-stroke engines.

Marine Clyde. Clyde Marine Oil-Engines, A. L. Mellanby. Inst. Mech. Engrs. —
Proc, no. 4, June 1923, pp. 695-731, 15 figs. Deals with tonnage regulations;
lubrication problems; starting and manoeuvring; power rating. Particular
types of Clyde engines; examples of four- and two-stroke cycle engines; double-
acting engines.

OIL FUEL

Characteristics. Fuel Oil Characteristics And Advantages As Compared with Coal,
A. P. Bjerregaard. Nat. Petroleum News, vol. 15, no. 42, Out. 17, 1923, pp.
32A-32B. Some comparisons of B.t.u. values of various gravities of Mid-Conti-
nent fuel oils, and comparative price table of fuel oil and coal based on a B.t.u.
value for fuel oil of 19,000-per-lb. and 10,000-per-lb. coal, methods for testing
water content of fuel oil. Paper read before Purchasing Agents' Assn.

OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES
Regenerators. Open-Hearth Furnace Regenerators, Fred B. Quigley. Iron Age,
vol. 112, no. 19, Nov. 8, 1923, pp. 1245-1246, 1 fig. Proportionate sizes of
chambers for air and gas; insulation; doing away with gas regenerators suggested
("Abstract.) Paper read before Am. Iron & Steel Inst. See also Iron Trade
Rev., vol. 73, no. 17, Oct. 25, 1923, pp. 1172-1173 and 1181-1182, J. fig.

OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING

Applications. Practical Applications of Gas welding, E. A . Whittaker. Engineering,
vol. 116, no. 3018, Nov. 2, 1923, pp. 571-572. Deals with repairs and construc-
tion of iron and steel, cast iron, aluminum, copper, brasses and bronzes. (Ab-
stract.) Paper read before Instn. Welding Engrs.

Equipment Maintenance. Maintaining Oxy-Acetylene Equipment in Service.
Acetylene Jl., vol. 25, nos. 4 and 5, Oct. and Nov. 1923, pp. 201-204 and 206;
and 234, 236 and 238, 5 figs. Proper maintenance of oxy-acetylene welding
and cutting equipment.

PACKING
Containers. Solving the Shipping Container Problem, B. L. Huestis. Management
& Administration, vol. 6, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 575-580, 9 figs. Discusses
faults in crate construction; wooden boxes; fiber boxes; testing of containers;
method of testing by vibration; savings made by large manufacturers.

PAVEMENTS

Moisture Content, Effect of. A Different Angle of the Sub-drainage of Pavements,
Monroe L. Patzig. Municipal & County Eng., vol. 65, no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp.
95-97, Author considers that, moisture expansion is most likely cause of blow-
ups, joint heaves, difference in elevation of slab ends, corring of slabs and other
defects common to rigid pavements. See also article by H. W. Skidmore
in same journal, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 144-146, entitled Effects of Changing Air
Temperature and Moisture Content od Behavior of Pavement Slabs, which is a
discussion of above article.

PEAT

Boiler Fuel. Engineering Principles Involved in the Firing of Peat in Boiler Oper-
ation (Die Feuerungstechnik des Tortes im Dampfkesselbetrieb), W. Leder.
Warme, vol. 46, nos. 33, 34, 36, 37, and 38, Aug. 17, 24, Sept. 7, 14 and 21, 1923
pp. 363-367, 377-380, 400-404, 411-414, and 419-421, 3 figs. Properties of peat
as technical fuel; thermal value, evaporative capacity and efficiency; behavior on
grate; velocity of combustion; peat in mixture with other fuels; evaporating
results with peat in different type of furnaces; tests with mixtures of peat and
other fuels.

PHOTO-ELASTICITY

Application to Engineering Problems. Engineering Problems Solved by Photo-
Elastic Methods, E. G. Coker. Franklin Inst —.11., vol. 196. no. 4, Oct. 1923,
pp. 433-478, 34 figs. Lecture I: Improvements in apparatus; contact pressures
and stresses. Lecture II: The testing of materials in tension; action of cutting
tools. Bibliography,

PILES

Creosote D, Specifications for. Specifications for Creosoted Piles a nil Timber for use
in Atlantic Coast Waters Infested With Marine Borers. Am. Ry. Eng. Assn-
Bul., vol. 25, no. 257, July 1923, pp. S1-S7. Covers materials and treatment,
and gives recommendations for handling and installation.

PIPE

Wrapping Machines. Automatic Pipe-Wrapping Machine, Edward ilouchins.
Indian & Eastern Engr., vol. 52, no. 1, July 1923, pp. 18-19, 1 figs Portable,
automatic machine made by San Francisco firm, through which pipes of dia-
meters up to 10 in. can be fed, and thoroughly wrapped so as to be impervious to
moisture, at rate of 750 lin. ft. per hr.

PLANING

Rotary, High-Speed. High-Speed Rotary Planing, Stafford Ransome. Engineer,
vol. 136, nos. 3537, 3538 and 3539, Oct, 12, 19 and 26, 1923, pp. 388-390, 1 1.1-415,
and 441-445, 15 figs. Oct. 12: Theory and practice; ridging and tracking; square
and circular blocks; feed and its effect. Oct. 19: Cutters and cutter blocks.
Oct. 26: High-speed rotary planing machine; variable feed gears; feeding-in
tables; high-speed flooring machines; problem of pressures; driving.

POLISHING
Abrasives, Applications to Wheels. Practical Hints for polishers, Francis D. Bowman
Foundry, vol. 51, no. 21, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 860-861, 3 figs. Helpful suggestions,
touching on properties and preparation of glue, correct temperature in setting
up and storing wheels together with method of applying abrasive to wheels.

PORTS
Administration Methods. A Synopsis of the Methods Employed in the adminis-
tration of Various Ports of the United States. World Ports, vol. 11, no. 11,
Sept. 1923, pp. 17-47. Prepared by Mar. Bur. of Chamber of Commerce of U.S.

POWER PLANTS

Cost Keeping. Uniform Cost for Power Plants, Alfred Baruch. Power Plant Eng.,
vol. 27, nos. 12, 13, 14 and 15, June 15, July 1, 15 and Aug. 1, 1923, pp. 623-
625, 671-673, 720-722 and 774-775, 3 figs. June 15: Labor records; pay-roll
distribution; budget labor cost. July 1: Factors entering into intelligent
analysis of operating expenses. July 15: Distribution of fixed expenses; interest
and depreciation in plant cost. Aug. 1 : Predetermination of rates and monthly
comparison of plant costs.

Piping Standards. Standards in Power Plant Piping Practice. Power Plant Eng.,
vol. 27, no. 14, July 15, 1923, pp. 717-719, 3 figs. Commercial practice varies
so that piping standards may become confusing. Points out many of the pract-
ices which must be watched for.

Solid-Injection Oil Engines for. Solid Injection Engine in Isolated Power Plants,
H. F. Briggs. Eng. World, vol. 23, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 228-231,. Comparative
cost analysis of twelve different prime movers; states that solid-injection oil
engines require skilled attention, and when this is supplied will prove themselves
thoroughly reliable and dependable; simplicity of design and cheapness of power
- output make them ideal prime mover for isolated power plant.

PRODUCER GAS
Peat as Source of. Producer Gas from Peat, G. W. Semmes. Manufacturers Rec,
vol. 84, no. 16, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 75-77. Survey of possibilities of peat as a gas
producer; gas producers.

PULVERIZED COAL
Boiler Firing. Powdered Coal Meets Load Variations in Blast-Furnace Gas plant.
Power, vol. 58, no. 19, Nov. 6, 1923, pp. 71S-721, 5 figs. In boiler installation in
Ensley Works of Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. pulverized coal supple-
ments blast-furnace gas to maintain uniform supply of steam ; outstanding features
of plant are automatic control of gas and air mixture and feed of pulverized coal.

PUMPING STATIONS
Construction. Typical Power-Plants and Pumping-Stations for Water-Works,

Charles B. Burdick. Am. City Mag., vol. 29, no. 5, Nov. 1923 pp. 467-471, 2 figs.

Examples of recent pumping-station construction, with illustrations and figures

of cost.
Equipment Selection. Equipment for Pumping Stations, A. L. Mullergren. Can.

Engr., vol. 45, no. 14, Oct. 2, 1923, pp. 365-367. Considerations in selecting

equipment; reliability, adequacy and economy principal factors; efficiency of

central stations.

PUMPS
Axiflo. Pumping Plants to Lower Water Level. Ariz. Min. Jl., vol. 7, no. 10, Oct. 15,

1923, pp. 6-8, 7 figs. Study of handling of rising water level in Salt River valley

by engineers of Worthington Pump and Machinery Co. which led to development

of new Axiflo pump.

PUMPS CENTRIFUGAL
High-Lift. High Lift Turbine Pumps. Beama, vol. 13, no. 67, Nov. 1923, pp. 317-

320, 6 figs. Describes turbine pumps for high-lift conditions manufactured by

Mirrless Watson Co. in two distinct forms, the ring and the barrel casing types.

RADIO COMMUNICATION

Amplifiers, Distortion in. Distortion in Low Frequency Amplifiers, SO. Pearson.
Wireless World, vol, 13, nos. 216 and 217, Oct. 3 and 10, 1923, pp. 3-6 and 40-44
6 figs. Chief causes of distortion in note magnifier and their effects, and sug-
gestions in each case for elimination of distortion as far as possible.
RECEPTION, INTERFERENCES IN

Reception, Interferences in. Methods of Reducing Interference in Wireless
Receiving Sets, E- W. Marchant. Wireless World, vol. 12. no. 202, June 30,
1923, pp. 426-431, 13 figs. Discusses three different kinds of disturbance which
one is likely to suffer from in wireless receiving circuit, viz., interference due
to atmospherics (or strays), interference due to signals from other stations, and
interference due to locally induced currents, and methods of reducing them.
Paper read before Radio Soc. Great Britain.

RADIOTELEPHONY

Principles. The Elementary Principles of Wireless Telephonv, E. Ogden. South
Wales Inst. Engrs.-Proc. vol. 38, no. 8, Sept. 26, 1923, pp. 625-628 and
(discussion) 628-630.
r * RAILS

Transverse Fissures. Formation of Transverse Fissures in Steel Rails, James E.
Howard. Eng. News-Rec., vol. 91, no. 18, Nov. 1. 1923, pp. 720-722. Abstract
of latest report to Interstate Commerce Commission together with discussion

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION

England. Railway Electric Traction, Roger T. Smith. Ry. Gas., vol. 39, no. 17, Oct.
26, 1923, pp. 511-512. Discusses question of railway electrification in England
as an economic proposition. Address before Soei6t6 des Inglmieurs Civils de
Fruncp

RAILWAY MOTOR CARS

Electric. Motor Cars for the Mersey Electric Railway. Ry. Gas., vol. 39, no. 18,
Nov. 2, 1923, pp. 556-557, 1 fig. Particular of new motor cars for operating
three and five-car trains; overall length 60 ft. 3\4 in., width overall 8 ft. 7 in.,
height from rail to top of roof 12 ft. 10 in. electro pneumatic control.

Gasoline. Multiple Unit Control for Self-Propelled Cars. Ry. Rev., vol. 73 no. 17,
Oct. 27, 1923,pp. 610-617, 11 figs. Describes new Mack car, electro-pneu-
matically controlled, equipped with six-cylender 120-hp. gasoline motor.

Types. Report of Committee ((Assn. Rv. Elec. Engrs.) on Self-Propelled Rail Cars.
Ry. Elec. Engr., vol. 14, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 333-338, 8 figs. Advantages and
drawbacks of different types of railway motor cars and class of service for which
they are fitted.

RAILWAY OPERATION

Car Pooling. Car Pooling on the Pennsylvania, Geo. L. Fowler. Ry. & Locomotive
Eng., vol. 36, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 361-362. Its origin and effect on cost of
repairs and facilitating transportation.

Slow Freight Traffic. Slow Freight Traffic. Int. Ry. -Congress Assn. — Bui., vol.
5, no. 6, June 1923, pp. 558-589. Account of discussion dealing with: organiz-
ation of slow-freight traffic in order to increase effective operation of rolling stock
and lines; advisability of using, according to circumstances, heavy or light, fast
or slow trains; through trains; pick-up trains and distributing trains; shuttle
services

Train Control. Automatic Train Control on the Missouri Pacific R. R.. Bertram H.
Mann. Ry. Rev., vol. 73, no. 19, Nov. 10, 1923, pp. 681-683, 1 fig. Describes
underlying principles of automatic train control so far as operation of trains,
and its influence on track capacity, is concerned.

Train Despatching. Telephone Selector Systems in Use on Railroads, Chas. Stanley
Rhoads. Ry. Signaling, vol. 16, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 458-461, 3 figs. Methods
of train despatching by telephone; selectors — description, uses and requirements.
RAILWAY REPAIR SHOPS

Locomotive. Locomotive Shop Served by 180-Ton Crane: M.-K.-T. R. R. Eng. News-
Rec, vol. 91, no. 19, Nov. 8, 1923, pp. 762-764, 4 figs. Transverse track
layout; enlargement and future transfer table.

Progressive System for Locomotive Shops, Lawrence Richardson. Ry.
Age, vol. 75, no. 17, Oct. 27, 1923, pp. 767-770, 2 figs. Straight-line method
used in modern industrial plants applied to classified repairs.
RAILWAY SHOPS

Electric Welding. Report of Committee (Assn. Ry. Elec. Engrs.) on Electric Weld-
ing. Ry. Elec. Engr., vol. 14, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 367-369, 4 figs. Economic
status of arc welding, and relative costs of electric arc welding and other
processes, particularly oxy-acetylene.

RAILWAY SIGNALING
7TOMATIC Block. Direct Current Automatic Block Signaling. Am. Ry. Assn.
Signal Section — advance notice for meeting Nov. 14-15, 1923, pp. 111-114.
Instruction for making train shunt resistance tests; and for testing resistance
of switch circuit controller, shunting circuits and contracts; report on maximum
resistance for switch circuit controllers, shunting circuits and contacts. Report
of Committee IV.
•Economics. Economics of Railway Signaling. Am. Ry. Assn. Signal Section — advance
notice for meeting Nov. 14-15, 1923, pp. 145-157, 2 tables. Economic value of
operating remote switches; savings effected by use of power switch machines for
operation of remote switches as reported by railways. Report of Commitee I.

Highway Crossing. Highway Crossing Signals on the N.Y.C. R.R.Ry. Rev., vol. 73,
no. 18, Nov. 3, 1923, pp. 647-649, 4 figs. Gives circuits and methods of control
and operation of highway crossing signals which have been installed by N. Y.
Central at some of its busiest street intersections at grade.

Interlocking. Mechanical Interlocking. Am. Ry. Assn. Signal Section — advance
notice for meeting Nov. 14-15, 1923, pp. 96-110. Specification for electro-mechan-
ical interlocking machine, unit electric levers, and locking. Report of Com-
mittee II.

Power Interlocking. Am. Ry. Assn. Signal Section — advance notice for meeting
Nov. 14-15, 1923, pp. 18-23, 4 figs. Specification for location and layout for way
stations; typical plans for joint occupancy of signal stations by telegraph and
telephone apparatus. Report of Committee III.
RAILWAY TIES

Hollow Elastic. The Nature and Advantages of Elastic Railway Ties (Das Wesen
und die Vorteile der elastischen Schienenuntersttuzung), H. Shieve. Verkehrst-
echnik, vol. 40, no. 37, Sept. 14, 1923, pp. 341-342, 3 figs. Discusses elastic hollow
ties recommended by author and comparative tests with these and inelastic steel
through-snaped ties heretofore in use.

Reinforced-Concrete. The Stent Reinforced Concrete Railway Sleeper. Engine-
ering, vol. 116, no. 3017, Oct. 26, 1923, pp. 536-537, 8 figs. Describes reinforced-
concrete sleeper of block-and-tie pattern now in use on several railways in India,
and points out advantages of system.

Specifications. Ties. Am. Ry. Eng. Assn. — Bui., vol. 25, no. 257, July 1923, pp.
10-15, 6 figs. Fundamentals to be considered in designs of substitute ties; care of
ties after distribution; installation and keeping records of cross-tie test sections.

Treatment and care. Treatment and Care of Railroad Ties, S. D. Cooper. Eng.
and contracting (Railways), vol. 60, no. 4, Oct. 17. 1923, pp. S18-821, 2 figs.
Describes practice of Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. Paper read before
Roadmasters & Maintenance of Way Assn.
RAILWAY TRACK

Crossings. General Specifications for Highway Grade Crossings and Approaches
Other Than Those for Which Requirements Are Stipulated by Law. Am. Ry.
Eng. Assn.— Bui., vol. 25 no. 257, July 1923, pp. 25-27, 2 figs.

Maintenance. Maintenance of Way— Improved Methods and results on the Lehigh
Valley Railroad, G. L. Moore. Central Ry. Club— Official Proc, vol. 31, no. 4,
Sept. 1923, pp. 1408-1417. Description of use of locomotive cranes for rail
anchoring, track laying and rapid handling of material; important economies
effected.

Specifications. Track. Am. Ry. Eng. Assn. — Bui., vol. 25, no. 257, July 1923, pp.
21-25. Addition to frog and switch plans; details of switch-stand target shapes;
oiling track fixtures; specifications for laying of new track.
RAINFALL

Run-off. Rainfall and Run-off. William T. Tay.lor. Elec. Rev., vol. 93, no. 2394,
Oct. 12, 1923, pp. 524-526. Importance of rainfall records of catchment area;
methods for determination of probable run-off.
RECTIFIERS

Mercury- arc. Conversion from Alternating to Direct Current by means of Mercury-
Arc Rectifiers, R. L. Morrison. Engineering, vol. 116, nos. 3016 and 3017, Oct i9
and 26, 1923, pp. 507-510,and 543-546, 24 figs. Describes development, object
of which is to eliminate disadvantages of rotating machinery and to provide
plant that can be compared in simplicity to ordinary static transformer; types
and construction of rectifiers. Paper read before Brit. Assn.

Theory of. The Theory of Rectifier (Zur Theorie des Gleichrichters). Wissens-
chaftliche Veroffentlichungen aus dem Siemens-Konzern, vol. 3, no. 1, May 15,
1923. Contain^ following articles: The Change of Power Factor in the Passage
from Generator to Rectifier, Heinrich Kaden, pp. 41-60, 24 figs. The Con-
struction of Accurate Current and Voltage Curves for Multi-Phase Mercury-
Vapor Rectifiers, Hermann Pflieger-Haertel, pp. 61-76, 7 figs.
REFRIGERATING MACHINES

Air. Cooling With Air, M. Leblanc. Refrig. Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp.
101-106, 11 figs. Use of air as a refrigerating agent in place of chemicals;
study of air refrigerating machines, including their cycle, fundamental observa-
tions, how cycle is effected in practical machines, conception of new machine,
scavenging operations, and manner of realizing a machine with scavenging opera-
tions applied. From Revue Generate du Froid, Oct. 1922.

Automatic. Automatic Refrigerating Machinery, J. C. Goosmann. Icr & Refri-
geration, vol. 63, no. 6, Dec. 1922, pp. 61-63, and vol. 64, nos. 2, 3 and 4, Feb
Mar. and Apr. 1923, pp. 131-135, 205- 210 and 320-323, 20 figs. Three general
groups of refrigerating plants; semi- and fully automatic refrigerating machi-
nery; lubrication; water-flow control; condenser safety valves.

RETAINING WALLS

Precast Concrete Cribbing for. Precast Concrete Cribbing for Retaining Walls
Eng. News-Rec, vol. 91, no. 18, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 718-719, 4 figs. Units placed
easily and quickly; drainage and foundations simplified; extensive use in rail-
way work.

ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Earth. An Experiment in Earth Road Construction, Ben H. Petty. Eng. News-
Rec, vol. 91, no. 19, Nov. 8, 1925, pp. 754-755, 2 figs. Highway extension
work by Purdue University teaches back-district farmers good road methods
ROADS

Earth, Oil Treatment of. Experimental Oiled Earth Roads in Iillinois, H. F. Clem-
mer and F. L. Sperry. Highway Eng. & Contractor, vol. 9, no. 4, Oct.. 1923, pp.
27-30, 4 figs. Description of tests carried out by Illinois Division of Highways
on use of oil for treatment of earth roads.

Oiled. Illinois Counties Join State in Experimental Study of Oiled Roads, H. F.
Clemmer and F. L. Sperry. Municipal and County Eng., vol. 65, no. 3, Sept.
1923 pp. 97-101, 2 figs. Account of tests being conducted with use of oil for
treatment of earth roads; experiment with different kinds and grades of oil;
traffic tests; application of oil.

Test Road, Pittsburg, Cal. The Test Highway at Pittsburg, California, Lloyd
Aldrich. Municipal & County Eng., vol. 65, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 174-181. Ob-
ject of test, is to secure information on relative merits of enough different types
of pavement, including types embodying ideas of Columbia Steel Co., to enable
engineers to design highways with greater certainty of results.

ROADS, ASPHALT.

Pavement Types, Selection of. The Selection of Types of Asphalt Pavement with
Reference to Local Materials, Roy M. Green. Good Roads, vol. 65, no. 14,
Oct. 3, 1923, pp. 107-108. Author calls attention to economic value of making
through investigations of all sources of supply of materials for utiization in con-
struction of pavement.

ROADS, CONCRETE

Construction. Construction of Concrete Pavements, Gordon Grant. Can. Engr.,
vol. 45, no. 19, Nov. 6, 1923, pp. 461-465, 4 figs. Reviews Canadian practice
methods and equipment generally employed; plain versus reinforced concrete;
placing concrete and finishing; results obtained in Canada. From paper read
at Int. Road Conference, Sevile, Spain.

Precast Slabs. Concrete Road Built of Precast Slabs As Experiment. Eng. News-
Rec, vol. 91, no. 18, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 711-712, 4 figs. Slabs of three sizes were
used in one mile of 18-ft. pavement laid ou adobe marsh near Suisu, Cal.

Reinforcement. Reinforcement in Concrete Roads Worth Its Cost, H. Eltinge
Breed. Eng. News-Rec, vol. 91, no. 120, Nov. 15, 1923, pp. 790-792. Expe-
rience and experiment both give proof of increased strength and endurance
quantity and distribution of steel main problem; use cage bars and dowels.

Tests. Test Types of Concrete Roads at Pittsburg. Cement & Eng. News. vol. 35,
no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 27-30, 14 figs. Describes experiments carried out on a
test road at Pittsburg, Cal., and results obtained; find thickened-at edge slab
without reinforcing bars best able to withstand heavy traffic loads; reinforced
slab second best.

SANDS, MOULDING

Minnesota. The Foundry Sands of Minnesota, G. N. Knapp. Univ. of Minn., Geol.
Surveys — Bui., no. 18, 1923, 105, pp., 15 figs. Report of investigation begun
in 1918. Geology; geological formations yielding foundry sands, loams and
clays; list of Minnesota foundries and localities supplying them with foundry
sands; laboratory methods of testing foundry sands, loams and clays; mechanical
and mineral analyses.

Testing and Standardization. The Testing of Moulding Sands with Special
Reference to Standardization, C. W. H. Holmes. Foundry Trade Jl., vol.
28, nos. 372 and 373, Oct. 4 and 11, 1923, pp. 296-298 and 308-311, 1 fig. Chemi-
cal constitution; methods employed for mechanical grading sand; nature and
estimation of bond; venting properties; strength or cohesiveness of sands;
selection of standardization of tests. Paper presented to Paris Congress.

SEMI-DIESEL ENGINES
Primm. Outstanding Features in Modern Oil Engines, Julius Rosbloom. Ariz. Min.
Jl., vol. 7, no. 11, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 18-19, 2 figs. Details of "Primm" oil engine,
a two-cycle semi-Diesel engine, manufactured by Power Mfg. Co. at Marion,
Ohio, and principle of its operation.

SEPARATORS
Oil. The "Rocket" Oil Separator. Engineering, vol. 116, no. 3016, Oct. 19, 1923,
pp. 492^493, 1 fig. Device can be installed on ship for purpose of recovering
oil and discharging only clear water overboard; can also be installed on shore
for treating oil discharge from ships in port. See also Petroleum Times, vol.
10, no. 250, Oct. 20, 1923, 557-559, 2 figs.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL

Methods. Recent Developments in Sanitary Engineering, George W. Fuller. Can.
Engr., vol. 45, no. 18, Oct. 30, 1923, pp. 447-450. Present status of sewage
disposal methods; American and European methods of garbage and refuse
disposal. Paper read before Instn. Sanitary Engrs., Lond.

Treatment Plant Renewal. Renewing a Sewage Treatment Plant, W. A. Harden-
bergh. Pub. Wks., vol. 54, No. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 343-345, 4 figs. Effluent
of septic tank improved by insertion of baffles and capacity of contact beds
doubled by washing stone by means of home made apparatus.

SEWERS
Concrete. Typical Examples of Concrete Sewers. Can. Engr., vol. 45, no. 18, Oct.
30, 1923, pp. 441-446, 6 figs. Report of committee of Am. Concrete Inst,
covering essential points of concrete sewer design and construction; advantages
and disadvantages of principal types; plain versus reinforced construction

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

SHAFTS

Critical Speed. The Critical Speed of Turbine Shafts (Die kritischen Drehzahlen
von Turbinenwellenl, Wilh. Miiller. Zeit fiir teehnische Phycik. vol. 4, no. 3,
1923, pp. 88-93, 3 figs. Describes theory of critical speeds of rotating shafts
with constant and inconstant mass distribution, taking natural weight into
consideration.

The Determination of the Ciitical Speeds of Elastic Shafts and Their Stabi-
lity (Ueber die Bestimmung dor kritischen Drehzahlen von elastischen Wellen
und deren Stabilitat), Theodor Poschl. Zeit fiir angewandte Mathematik
u. Mechanik, vol. 3, no. 4, Aug. 1923, pp. 297-312, 5 figs. Dynamic investiga-
tion prompted by troubles observed in operation of steam turbines and similar
machines with high-speed elastic shafts and in disks mounted on these machines.

Critical Torsional Moment. The Critical Twisting Moment of Shafts (Das
kritische Drillungsmoment von Wellen), R. Grammel. Zeit. fiir angewandte
Mathematik u. Mechanik, vol. 3, no. 4, Aug. 1923, pp. 262-271, 4 figs. Calcula-
tion of critical moment of torsion for any given cross-sections.

SLATE
Slabs for Electrical Purposes. British Standard Specification for Slate Slabs
for Electrical Purposes. British Eng. Standards Assn., No. 160, Aug. 1923,
4 pp., 1 fig. Specification covering tolerances on dimensions, tolerance on flat-
ness, bevel, and enamel.

SNOW REMOVAL
Methods. The Snow-Removal Problem in American Cities. Am. City Mag., vol.
29, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 347-353, 9 figs. Analysis of need for snow removal
and outline of methods used in various cities.

SOLDERS
Aluminum. A Xew Aluminum Soldering and Welding Medium ("Hurco"), ein neues
Aluminium-Lot- und Sehweissmittel), Mac Wille. Forderteehnik u. Francht-
verkehr, vol. 16, no. IS, Sept. 18, 1923, pp. 206-208, 5 figs. Describes new pre-
paration known as Hiirco solder, chief advantage of which is that it does
not flow when melted but changes gradually into a pasty condition so that it can
be molded as a plastic mass the same as sculpture clay.

SOOT BLOWERS
Mechanical. Economies of Mechanical Soot Blowers, Robert June. Power Plant
Eng., voU27, no. 21, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 1070-1073, 5 figs. Savings due to use
of soot blowers; comparative costs of soot blowing.

STEAM
Specific Heat. Conclusions from Latest Investigations at Munich, Germany, of the
Specific Heat of Steam (Folgerungen aud den neuesten Munchener Untersuchun-
gen der spezifiohen Warrne des Wasserdampfes), H. Schmolke. Wiirme, vol.
46, no. 37. Sept. 14, 1923, pp. 409-410. Supplement to author's article in same
journal, no. 23, 1923.

STEAM-ELECTRIC PLANTS

Manchester, England. England's Latest Generating Station, W. H. Onken.
Elec. World, vol. 82. no. 20, Nov. 17, 1923, pp. 1010-1012. 6 figs. Features
of Barton station of Manchester Corp.; it is of superpower type sanctioned by
Great Britain's Electricity Commission and is typical of modern English steam-
station practice.

Two Pressures, Operation with. Lorain Plant Operates With Two Pressures.
Power Plant Eng., vol. 27. no. 22, Nov. 15,1923, pp. 1117-1123, 9 figs. Pressure
of new 20.000-kw. unit is 100 lb. higher than on old unit.

STEAM POWER PLANTS

Natural Steam. Power and Boric Acid from Natural Steam in Tuscany. Chem. &
Industry, vol. 42, no. 43, Oct. 26, 1923, pp. 1022-1024, 3 figs. Describes large
chemical plant, in which volcanic steam is utilized first to produce electrical
power and afterwards for manufacture of boric acid.

Remodeling. More Power with Less Coal at Saxony Mills Plant (St. Louis). Power,
vol. 58. no. 20. Nov. 13, 1923, pp. 773-774, 1 fig. New ehaingrate stokers
in enlarged combustion chambers and addition of mixed-pressure turbo-
generator to Corliss engine rope-drive plant, improve economy and increase
capacity.

STEAM TURBINES

Development. Development of the Steam Turbine, Stanley S. Cook. Rov. Soc.
Arts— Jl„ vol. 71. nos. 3695, 3696 and 3697 Sept. 14, 21 and 28, 1923, pp. 729-
738, 743-760 and 762-770, 33 figs. Sept. 14: Principle of compounding; early
indications of directions of progress; marine development with direct-coupled
turbines; problem of propeller; combination of turbine and reciprocating engine;
passing of direct-coupled marine turbine. Sept. 21: Introduction of mechanical
gearing; application to large powers in naval vessels; lubrication of thrust blocks
and bearings; mercantile marine turbine; comparison of modern and early effici-
encies; methods of attaching blades: reaction and impulse types; progress in
economy and output of land turbines; problem of exhaust area. Sept. 28:
Application of mechanical gearing to land turbines; geared turbo-generators;
geared turbines for mill driving; direct-coupled turbo-alternators; construction
of rotors; ventilation of stators; latest improvements in economy of turbines
by reheating and cascade feed heating.

High-Pressure. Steam Turbines for High Pressures (Die Dampfturbinen fiir hohe
Driickel, Karl Miinichsdorfer. Zeit. des Baverischen Revisions- Vereines, vol.
27, nos. 17 and 18, Sept. 15 and 30, 1923, pp. 129-130 and 142-143, 5 figs.
Discusses change in superstructure of turbine caused by use of high-pressure
steam ; possibilities of introducing high-pressure turbines in power plants are
exemplified.

Marine. See Marine Steam Turhines.

STEEL

Chrome-Vanadium. See Chrome-Vanadium Steel.

Cold Working. Manufacture of Bright-drawn Bar, Wire, and Cold-rolled Strip.
Machy. (Lond.), vol. 23, no. 579, Nov. 1, 192.3, pp. 129-133, 8 figs. Production
methods employed by Arthur Lee & Sons, Sheffield.

Crystal Structure. Examination of Steel by the X-ray Spectrometer, Hermann
H. Zoring. Army Ordance, vol. 4, no. 20, Sept.-Oet., 1923, pp. 77-83, 4 figs.
Evidence shows that, at ordinary temperatures, in plain carbon steels of hyper-
eutectoid composition, crystal structure, as shown by X-ray spectrometer,
varies through continuous series from that existing when metal has been very
rapidly cooled from temperature in or above critical range to that existing when
cooling has been very slow from temperature above critical range.

Seasoning. The Seasoning of Steel, W. P. Wood. Am. Soc. for Steel Treating —
Trans., vol. 4, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 488-493. Describes experiment consisting
in comparing tensile properties of several varieties of unhardened steel before
and after exposure of one year to varying temperature of atmosphere.

Surface Hardening. Nitrogen in Iron and Steel: A New Method of Surface Harden-
ing. Iron & Coal Trades Rev., vol. 107, no. 2904, Oct. 26, 1923, p. 624. Data
on new method of surface hardening steel by mitrating it and on results of inves-
tigation into ferro-nitrogen alloys from article by Ad. Fry published in Stahl
u. Eisen.

Test. Static and Dynamic Tests for Steel, J. M. Lessens. Am. Soc. for Steel Treat-
ing—Trans., vol. 1, no. 4, Oct. 1923, pp. 536-545, 11 figs. Deals with statio
and dynamic forms of testing, tensile test being taken as representative of former
and repeated shock and fatigue as representative of latter; describes types of
shock and fatigue testing machines with experimental results obtained.

The Relation Between the Dynamic and the Static Tensile Tests, Harold
Albert Nisley. Army Ordnance, vol. 4, no. 20, Sept.-Oot. 1923, pp. 88-93,
4 figs. Investigation to determine relationship existing between results of
static and dynamic tests for each heat treatment, and to show whether this
relationship did, or did not, vary as function of structure of material.

STEEL CASTING
Acid Electric. Acid Electric Steel Castings, Larry J. Barton. Iron Age, vol. 112,

no. 19, Nov. 8, 1923, pp. 1249 and 1299-1301, 1 fig. Cardinal points in good

practice; scrap and making bottom; charging and melting down; high-carbon

and chrome steel.
Converter vs. Electric. Comparison of Converter and Electric Steel Castings,

Thomas Hill. West. Machy. World, vol. 14, no. 10. Oct. 1923, pp. 330-332.

Analysis of differences in steels obtained; characteristics of some converter

STEEL, HEAT TREATMENT OF

Critical Point. Changes in Property through Heat Treatment Below Critical Point
(Eigenschaltsanderungen durch Warmebchandlung unterhalb der Umwand-
lungspunkte), George Welter. Stahl u. Eisen, vol. 43, no. 43, Oct. 25, 1923,
pp. 1347-1349, 2 figs. Losses through faulty annealing; influence of annealing
temperature and duration on mechanical properties of steel wire; constant and
gradual cooling in furnace; theoretical conclusions.

Hardening. Nitrogen in Iron, Steel and Special Steel. A New Surface Hardening
Process (Stickstoff in Eisen, Stahl und Sonderstahl. Ein neues Oberfliichen-
hartungsverfahren), Ad. Fry. Stahl u. Eisen, vol. 43, no. 40, Oct. 4, 1923, pp.
1271-1279, 17 figs. Nitration stages of pure iron; structure of iron-nitrogen
and iron-nitrogen-carbon systems; development of diagram of state; process
of shrinkage-free surface hardening by means of nitration.

Heating and Cooling, Effect of. Changes in Structure Due to Heating and Cooling
of Iron with the Aid of Hot Etchings (Beobachtungen iiber Gefiigeanderungen
beim Erhitzen und Abkuhlen des Eisens mit Hilfe von Heissiitzung'-n), P. Ober-
hoffer and A. Hegger. Stahl u. Eisen, vol. 43, no. 42, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 1322-
1323, 3 figs. Report from Met. Inst, of Tech. Acad, of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Quenching Properties. Quenching Properties of Very Soft Steel (Sur la faculty
de trempe de 1'acier extra-doux a tres haute temperature), M. Sauvageot and
H. Delmas. Acad^mie des Sciences — Comptes Rendus, vol. 176, no. 17, Apr.
23, 1923, pp. 1146-1148. Results of measurement of mechanical properties
when a steel containing 0.09 per cent. C. was quenched in water at temperatures
varying between 950 deg. cent, and melting point; describes experiments on
annealing material quenched at high temperatures.

Stainless. Heat-Treatment of Steel with Special Reference to Production, J. W.
Urquhart. Machy. (Lond.), vol. 23, no. 577, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 85-87, 1 fig.
Stainless and iron treatment; forging temperature; hardening and tempering;
non-scaling of high-chromium steels; strength of chromiun steels after treatment;
chrome and useful treatment limit; acid-proof chromes.

STEEL, HIGH-SPEED
Heat Treatment. Hints on Treating High Speed Steel and Its Use for Machining
Operations. West. Machy. World, vol. 14, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 320-321 and
323, 3 figs. Discusses forging, annealing, hardening, and drawing of high-speed
steel and importance of careful heating; illustrations of turning and grooving
operations of rolls in machine shop of Columbia Steel Co., Pittsburg, Cal.

STEEL MANUFACTURE

Cold-Worked Steel. The Manufacture of Cold-worked Steel. Machy. (Lond.),
vol. 23, nos. 575, 576 and 577, Oct. 4, 11, and 18, 1923, pp. 1-9, 33-38 and 70-71,
23 figs. Methods employed by Kayser, Ellison & Co., Sheffield, England, in
production of wire, bar and strip from high-grade crucible and electric alloy
steels.

Converters. Practical Problems in the Operation of Large and Small Bessemer
Converters (Praktisehe Betriebsfragen aus der Gross- und Kleinbessemerei),
Huber Hermanns. Giesserei-Zeitung, vol. 20, nos. 16 and 17, July 15 and Aug.
1 , 1923, pp. 297-300 and 325-327, 9 figs. Electric drive of converters; problems
of transport; conveyance of pig iron and steel; foundry equipment.

Railway. The Future of Transportation bv Rail, E. O'Brien. Engineering, vol.
116, no. 3012, Sept. 21, 1923, pp. 381-382, 1 fig. Survey of probabilities of
future of rail transport with brief reference to past. Paper read before Brit.
Assn.

Science, Indebtedness to. Transport and Its Indebtedness to Science, Henry
Fowler. Engineering, vol. 116, no. 3012, Sept. 21, 1923, pp. 377-380, 1 fig.
Discusses investigations which led to development and perfection of steam
and internal-combustion enginss; scientific work in aeronautics; advances in
metallurgy. Address before Brit. Assn.

STREET RAILWAYS

Cars. A Brill New Single Truck. Tramway & Ry. World, vol. 54, no. 19, Oct. 18,
1923, pp. 209-211, 4 figs. Describes 79-E-X truck made by J. G. Brill Co.;
carries body, without increasing wheelbase, in such a manner as to give it
stability equal to another 1 ft. 6 in. wheelbase.

Street-Railway Cars. Elec. Ry. J]., vol. 62, no. 13, Sept. 29, 1923. Con-
tains following articles: Broad Trend of Car Development, pp. 473-474; Present
Body Design Tendencies, pp. 475-481, 8 figs.; Facilities for Expediting Passen-
ger Movement, pp. 482-490, 23 figs.; New Methods in Body Construction, pp.
491-501, 25 figs.; Advances in Car Lighting, Heating and Ventilating, pp. 502-
510, 17 figs.; Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, pp. 511-519 and 536, 30
figs.; Interehangeability and Standardization, pp. 520-522, 2 figs.; Incorpora-
ing Merchandising Features in Design, pp. 523-528, 10 figs.; Cars for Use in
Train Operation, pp. 529-536, 14 figs.

Track. Concrete Foundations, Robert B. Holt. Tramway & Ry. World, vol. 54,
no. 19, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 219-222, 2 figs. Consideration of strength, suitability
and permanence of concrete foundations for tramway tracks. Mixing water;
grading of aggregates; characteristics of sand; proper maturing; trass or puzzo-
lana; ciment fondu.

STRESSES

Optical and Mechanical Determination. The Determination of Stresses at a
Point in a Plate, E. G. Coker. Engineering, vol. 116, no. 3016, Oct. 19, 1923,
pp. 512-514, 6 figs. Comparison of experimental methods for obtaining stress
at point in plate by optical and mechanical methods. Communicate to Brit.
Assn.

Optical Recorders. Optical Stress-Strain Recorders. Engineer, vol. 136, no. 3540,
Nov. 2, 1923. pp. 479-480. Discusses Dalby's device which, in its present form,
consists of two mirrors mounted on axes at right angles to each other, whereby
ray of light from point source is reflected through lens and focussed on photo-
graphic plate.

SUBSTATIONS

Protection. Study of Substation Protection, R. V. Achatz. Telephony, vol. 85, no.
17, Oct. 27, 1923, pp. 28-33. Regulations governing protective apparatus;
survey of current practice; annual pcr-station figures; information from insu-
rance companies; operation of substation protectors; economic consideration.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

SUPERHEATED STEAM
Developments. Superheating, John Neill. Inst. Mar. Engrs. — Trans., vol. 35, Oct.
1923, pp. 288-320 and (discussion) 320-329, 35 figs. Deals with recent develop-
ments.

SURGE TANKS

Spillway Combined with. Surge Tank and Spillway Combined on Pit River Plant
No. 1. Eng. News-Rec, vol. 91, no. 16, Oct. IS, 1923, pp. 630-632, 4 figs.
Heavily reinforced cylinder 60 ft. in diam. provides 1800 sec-ft. spillway capaci-
ty between tunnel and penstock.

TAR

Coke-Oven. Rome of the Constituents of Coke-Oven Tar, John M. Weiss and

Charles R. Downs. Indus. & Eng. Chem., vol. 15, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 1022-

1023, 1 fig. Author seeks to throw light on composition of neutral oils boiling

above 200 deg. cent., both as to principal compounds present and their amount.

TELEPHONY

Automatic. Operating Sneed of Automatic Telephone Equipment, Paul G. Andres.
West Soc. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 28, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 421-437, 21 figs. Deals
with construction of automatic switches; time elements of Iineswitch calling
device, selector and imDulse repeater; accuracy and limitations of observed
values.

Transmission Layout. Applied Telephone Transmission, J. S. Elston. Instn. P.O.
Eiec. Engrs. (pamphlet!, no. 88, 94 pp., 34 figs. Describes detailed scheme
of transmission layout. Deals with standard of transmission; traffic circulation
and control: manual and automatic conditions; flexibility of cable plant. Dis-
cussion.

TERMINALS, LOCOMOTIVE

Design. Locomotive Terminals. West Soc. Engrs. — Jl., vol. 28, no. 9, Sept. 1923,
pp. 373-390 and (discussion) 390-394, 2 figs. Contains following papers:
Operating Department Requirements, R. N. Begien; Mechanical Department
Requirements, L. K. Sillcox; Design of Railway Locomotive Terminals, W. T.
Krausch.

TERMINALS, RAILWAY

Chicago L t nion Station. The Chicago Union Station, Its Design and Construction,
J, D'Esposito. West. Soc. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 28, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp. 357-372,
7 figs. Records important features of planning and execution of work embraced
in general rearrangement of railway facilities known as Chicago Union Station
project.

Design and Developments. Railroad Terminals. Am. Soc. Civil Engrs. — Proc,
vol. 49, no. 7, Sept. 1923, pp. 1455-1606, 61 figs. Symposium containing fol-
lowing papers: Principles of Terminal Station Design, Alfred Fellheimer; Rail-
road Freight Terminal Problem in St. Louis, Missouri, Charles E. Smith; Street
Development in Relation to Railroad Terminals. Jacob L. Crane, Jr.; Chicago
Terminal Improvements, Illinois Central Railroad, D. J. Brumley; Chicago
Terminal Improvements, Dearborn Station Group, Frederick E. Morrow; Chica-
go Terminal Improvements, Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and New York
Central Railways, Robert H. Ford; Chicago Union Station Development, J.
D'Esposito; Modern Rail and Water Terminals with Reference to Chicago,
Rufus W. Putnam; Modern Freight Terminal of the Pennsylvania Railroad
System in Chicago, 111., William L. R. Haines.

THREADING MACHINES
Double-End. New Double-End Threading Machine Operates Automatically.
Automotive Industries, vol. 49, no. 16, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 792-793, 2 figs. Has
capacity for work up to H in. in diam. and 10 in. length; work fed intermittently
from magazine at rear to position in line with die heads; power transmission
through two-step cone pulley; built by Grant Mfg. & Machine Co.

TIDAL POWER

Utilization. The Utilization of Tides for the Production of Power for the Working
and Lighting of Ports and for Maritine Works (Working of Lock-Gates, etc.),
Alejandro Yanquez. World Ports, vol. 11, no. 11, Sept. 1923, pp. 48-55.
Points out that when constructing works of ports, construction should be studied
of closed docks and moles, with view to forming at one and same tine perfect
shelters and utilization of natural power of tides. Paper before Int. Congress
of Navigation, London.

TILE

Concrete Roofing. Making Concrete Roofing Tile. A. J. R. Curtis. Rock Products
vol. 26, no. 21, Oct. 20, 1923, pp. 39-42, 8 figs. Form of concrete product
which offers market for fine aggregate produced in excess of demand in many
parts of country; plant required to produce roofing tile; curing equipment;
characteristics of tile.

TIRES, RUBBER

Fabric Stresses in. Fabric Stresses in Pneumatic Tires, H. F. Schippel. Indus.
& Eng. Chem., vol. 15, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1121-1131, 26 figs. Mathematical
analysis of fabric stresses in pneumatic-tire carcasses.

TOLERANCES

German Standards. German Standards for Tolerances and Allowances in Machine
Fits, Oscar R. Wikander. Am. Mach., vol. 59, nos. 19 and 20, Nov. 8 and 15,
1923, pp. 685-689 and 733-737, 12 figs. Presents standard sheets known as
Dinorms issued by German Indus. Standards Committee.

Large. Large Tolerances; Their Influence on Determining the Dimensions of Struc-
tural Parts (Grosztoleranzen; ihr Einflusz auf die Maszbestimmung von Kon-
struktionsteilen), Th. Damm. Werkstattstechnik, vol. 17, no. 19, Oct. 1, 1923,
pp. 565-570, 14 figs. Investigation, based on examples of machine and especial-
ly locomotive construction, to determine extent to which principles of German
standard fit system (DIN) can be applied to the determination s of large
tolerances.

TOOL MAKING

Standards for. The Manufacture of Tools and Fixtures (Die Werkzeugmacherei
und der Vorrichtungsbaul, Karl Haase. Werkstattstechnik, vol. 17, nos. 17
and 18, Sept. 1 and 1.5, 1923, pp. 513-520 and 553-556, 20 figs. Economic pro-
duction by means of special tools and fittings wit aid of corresponding Standards,
Presents Standard sheets for various fittings.

TRANSFORMERS

Distribution. Construction and Care of Distribution Transformers, L. G. Mason.
Coal Age, vol. 24, no. 17, Oct. 25, 1923, pp. 023-627, 7 figs. Selecting best
transformer for work; consideration of iron and copper losses; building trans-
former; testing; recommendations as to proper care.
TRANSPORTATION

Railway. Railroad Transportation. Am. Soc. Civil Engrs. — Proc, vol. 49, no.
7, Sept. 1923, pp. 1406-1454, 8 figs. Symposium containing following papers:
Some Phases of Present-Day Railroad Transportation, John W. Kendrick; Trans-
portation a3 Related to National Development, J. G. Sullivan; Railroads — The
Arteries of Commerce, J. Rowland Bibbing; Federal Valuation of Railroads,
Charles A. Morse; Consolidation of Railroads, John S. Worley.

TUBES

Butt Welding. Minimizing Distortion in Welding of Tubing, Marcel Piette. Can.
Machy., vol. 30, no. 15, Oct. 11, 1923, pp. 22 and 24, 5 figs. Expansion of pieces
in opposite sense beneficial ; hammering during process on thick material and after
welding on thin material diminishes contraction. Translated from Revue de la
Soudure Autogene.

TUBING

Chrome-Molybdenum Steel. Physical Properties of Chrome-Molybdenum Steel
Tubing, S. W. Thompson, Air Service Information Circular, vol. 5, no. 445,
Aug. 1, 1923, 16 pp., 11 figs. Investigation to determine variation in physical
characteristics of three sizes of chrome-molybdenum steel tubing after quenching
and drawing.

TUNNELS

New Zealand Railway. Arthur's Pass Tunnel — Construction and Electrical Equip-
ment. Indus. Australian & Min. Standard, vol. 70, no. 1815, Sept. 13, 1923,
pp. 402^104, 3 figs. Length of tunnel is 5 mi. 554 yd., all on straight; and it is
lined throughout; sidewalls and footings are of mass concrete and arch is formed
of concrete blocks; method of construction; electrification; overhead and loco-
motive equipment; auxiliary plant.

UNEMPLOYMENT
Problems. Employment and Unemployment. Int. Labour Rev., vol. 8, no. 3, Sept.
1923, pp. 385-413. Statistics; unemployment problems; unemployment insu-
rance by industries.

VACUUM TUBES

Power Oscillators, as. Vacuum Tubes as Power Oscillators, D. C. Prince. Inst.
Radio Engrs.— Proc., vol. 11, no. 5, Oct. 1923, pp. 527-550, 14 figs. Chapter
VI: In "master oscillator" or "power amplifier" circuit oscillations are generat-
ed by small power source and then amplified; effect of variations in grid and
plate circuit tuning upon output and losses is developed for both direct coupling
to antenna circuit, and coupling through an intermediate circuit. Chapter VII:
it is shown that considerable increases in efficiency and tube output can be
obtained by introducing harmonics into plate voltage wave.

Thermionic Valves. Thermionic Valves and their Uses, J. A. Fleming. Practical
Engr., vol. 68, no. 1908, Sept., 20, 1923, pp. 159-160. Its invention and subse-
quent improvements; thermionic oscillation generator; modern wireless telepho-
ne and telegraph valve receivers; thermionic telephone repeater. From pam-
phlet published by British Science Guild.

VALVE GEARS

Small Turbines. Valve Gears on Small Westinghouse Direct-Driven Turbines.
Power, vol. 58, nos. 19 and 20, Nov. 6 and 13, 1923, pp. 730-731, and 770-773,
6 figs. Describes two general types one for sets up to 15 kw. which uses hori-
zontal governor mounted on shaft, and second type which is applied to geared
turbines and utilizes comparatively low-speed vertical governor geared to slow-
speed shaft.

VAPORS

Pressure Measurements. Applications of Vapor Pressure Measurements, H. S.
Davis and Mary D. Davis. Indus. & Eng. Chem., vol. 15, no. 10, Oct. 1923,
1075-1077, I fig. Vapor-pressure apparatus consists of two similar glass flasks
connected to manometer tube and means whereby sealed glass containers full
of liquids may be broken inside flasks; details of manipulation of such a device.

VARNISHES

Tests. Report of Sub-Committee IX on Varnish. Am. Soc. for Testing Matls., advance
paper, no. 48s, for meeting June 25-29, 1923, 17 pp., 6 figs. The "Kauri" reduction
test as accelerated method of determining durability of varnish; exposure
test, and results; proposed methods of testing oleo resinous varnishes.

Tennessee. A Study of Some of the Smaller Undeveloped Water Power of Tennessee,
J. A. Switzer. State of Tenn. Dept. Education, Division of Geol., Bui. 30,
1923, 24 pp., 27 figs, on supp. plates. Red River, Chestuee Creek, Cummins
Falls, Harpeth River, Buffalo River, and Nolichucky River projects; "Narrows"
of Caney Fork; Obed River, Piney River and Soddy Creek investigations.

VIADUCTS
Combined Steel and Concrete. Reconstruction of Sixteenth Street Viaduct in
Denver, Elsie Eaves. Eng. News-Rec, vol. 91, no. 19, Nov. 8, 1923, pp. 750-
752, 5 figs. Combination steel and reinforced-concrete structure designed so
as to utilize existing portions and salvage old steel.

VIBRATIONS

Tests. Determination of Mechanical Performance bv Means of Vibration Tests, C.
Bethel. Elec. Jl., vol. 20, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 371-373, 5 figs. Results of
tests show great value of reproducing service vibrations experimentally to deter-
mine ability of piece of apparatus to meet actual service requirement.

VISCOSIMETERS
Standardization. The Standardization of Commercial Viscometers, Madison L.
Sheely. Indus. & Eng. Chem., vol. 15, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 1109-1114, 9 figs.
Discusses need of standardization and advisability of expressing results in
absolute units; gives calibration, set up, and operation of typical glass outflow
type of viscometer, together with comparisons of various other similar types;
data showing comparative results of viscosity determinations on various instru-
ments; liquids and solutions suitable for standardization of commercial types
of viscometers.

WAGES

Incentive Systems. Wage-Incentive Svstems, Eugene Bouton. Soc. Automotive
Engrs.— Jl., vol. 13, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp 380-383, 6 figs. Describes system
involving group-piece-work plan for major assembly units and machining depart-
ments, and straight individual piece work for small parts; piece-work prices
are established from data obtained in elemental time study, record of which ia
shown

WATER ELEVATORS

Developments. Recent Developments in Water Elevators, G. C. Gowlland. Roy.
Engrs.. Jl., vol. 37, no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp. 389-394, 5 figs. Describes canvas belt,
Chaine-HeJicc and Boulton water elevators.

WATER PURIFICATION
Machine for Removing Solids. A New Machine for Sifting of Solids from Liquids
(Eine neue Maschine zur Aussiebung fester Stoffe aus Fliissigkeiten), R. Mens-
ing. Gesundheits-Ingenieur, vol. 46, no. 42, Oct. 20, 1923, pp. 417-418, 1 fig.
Describes machine patented by author which can be used for recovery of factory
water from rivers lakes and canals; purification of cooling waters or of turbine-
driving waters; purification of industrial water, municipal sewage; etc.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

WATER SUPPLY
Surface, Canada. Surface Water Supply of Canada — St. Lawrence and Southern

Hudson Bay Drainage, Ontario. Dominion Water Power Branch, Can. Dept.

Interior, Water Resources Paper No. 3S, 1923, 100 pp., 2 figs, on supp. plates.

Results of Hydrometric investigations covering climatic year ending Sept. 30,

1922.

WATER TANKS
Concrete. Concrete Tanks for Railway Water Service, C. R. Knowles. Ry. Eng.

Maintenance, vol. 19, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 422-445. Discusses suitability

of concrete for tanks; design; permanent location, and cost.

WATER TREATMENT
Purification Methods. Modern Methods of Water Purification, H. P. O'CaUaghan.
Surveyor, vol. 64, no. 1052, Sept. 11, 1923, pp. 195-196. Review of methods
successfully practised at present time in treatment and purification of fresh-
water supplied for both potable and industrial purposes. (Abstract.)

WATER TREATMENT
Tastb and Odor Removal. Taste and Odor in New York City's Supplies, Frank

E. Hale. Am. Water Works Assn., vol. iO, no. 5, Sept. 1923, pp. 829-837.

Discusses organisms which have given offense from taste or odors; control of

odors and taste.

WATERWAYS
Chicago. Review of the Development of Chicago Waterways, Robert I. Randolph.

West. Soc. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 28, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp. 395-101, 4 figs. History

of development and existing waterways.
St. Lawrence Project. Question Raised as to Cost and Value of Power Available

in Projected St. Lawrence Canal. Municipal & County Eng., vol. 65, no. 3,

Sept. 1923, pp. 129-131. Discussion of value, as compared with cost, of power

that may be made available in United States if project is carried out.

The St. Lawrence Waterway, E. A. Forward. Eng. J)., vol. 6, no. 11, Nov.

1923, pp. 489-494 and (discussion) 494-498, 2 figs. General discussion of deep

waterway and power project.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Length Measurements. Precise Length Measurements, J. E. Sears. Roy. Soc.
Arts— Jl., vol. 71, nos. 3698, 3699 and 3700, Oct. 5, 12 and 19, 1923, pp. 775-
791, 793-818 and 819-841, 49 figs. Oct. 5: Control of basic standards. Oct.
12: Determination of derived standards. Oct. 19: Practical applications.

WEIRS

Flow. Weir Flow, Dempster Smith and William .1. Walker. Instn. Mech. Engrs. —
Proc, no. 4, June 1923 pp. 819-834, 6 figs. Account and results of experiments,
in which attempt has been made to obtain rational expression for discharge of
rectangular weir.

WELDING

Applications. Industrial Applications of Welding and Cutting and Their Possibili-
ties, Am. Welding Soc— Jl., vol. 2, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 9-45, 38 figs. Possi-
bilities of welding as a fabricating process and in repair field; describes applica-
tion of arc welding electric arc cutting, oxy-aeety!ene welding, oxy-aeetylene
cutting, oxy-acetylene welding, resistance welding, and thermit welding.

Piping, Power-plant. The Use of Welding in Power-Plant Piping, Lewis J. Sforzini,
Power, vol. 5S, no. 21, Nov. 20. 1923, pp. 798-892, 12 figs. Results of author's
experiences in extensive use of welded piping installations.

See also Electric Welding, Arc; Electric Welding, Resistance; Oiy-Acetylene
Welding.

WINDMILLS

Drive for Dynamo. Wind-Driven Electric Lighting Plant. Engineering, vol. 116,
no. 3018, Nov. 2, 1923, p. 571, 5 figs. Describes Lambert plant, consisting of
wind wheel carried at top of lattice mast and driving a dynamo through chain
gear.

Theory. General Theory of Windmills, Max M. Munk. Nat. Advisory Committee
for Aeronautics— Tech. Notes, no. 164, Oct. 1923, 7 pp., 2 figs. Discusses
application of slip-curve method to design and analysis of windmills.

WIRE

Copper. Report upon Tests on Hard Drawn Copper Wires and Cables for Overhead
Transmission Lines. Instn. Elec. Engrs. — Jl., vol. 61, no. 322, Sept. 1923, pp.
997-1012, 6 figs. Report from Brit. Elec. and Allied Industries Research Assn.
Material under test; range of samples tested ; ultimate tensiles strength ; extension
on fracture; limit of proportionality; modulus of elasticity; twist and wrap
tests; results.

WIRE ROPE

Stresses. Stresses in Wire Rope (Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Vorspannungen in
Drahtseilen) , A. Werner. GlUckauf, vol. 59, nos. 31 and 32, Aug. 4 and 11,
1923, pp. 741-745 and 772-777, 7 figs. Aug. 4: Theory of wire rope and
present method of manufacture, especially recommending changes in form
and tension; deformation of wire in lacing machine, Aug. 1 1 : deformaoion
in strands on making into rope, explained by mathematical calculations.

Decaying Roofs. Damp Rot in Wooden Roofs, Harland Seymour. Chem. Trade
Jl. & Chem. Engr., vol. 73, no. 1896, Sept. 21, 1923, pp. 331-332. Its preven-
tion and control.

Preservatives, Test of. A Fungus Bed Test of Wood Preservatives, Cloyd M.
Chapman. Am. Soc. Testing Matls., advance paper, no. 65, for meeting June
25-29, 1923, 13 pp., 1 fig. Gives results of ten years' exposure in fungus bed
of specimens of oak, cypress, spruce and yellow pine wood treated with thirty
preservatives by three methods of treatment, cola dip, hot dip and boiling.

WOOD
Chemistry of. Chemistry of Wood, G. J. Ritter and L. C. F.eck. Indus. & Eng.
Chem., vol. 15, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 1055-1056. Results of analysis of heart-
wocd and sapwood of some American woods.

WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION
Social Insurance and. Workmen's Compensation and Social Insurance. Monthly
Labor Rev., vol. 17, nos 2 and 3, Aug. and Sept. 1923, pp. 176-183 and 143-145.
Aug.; Rules for self-insurance in New York; compensation law in Wisconsin.
Sept.; Occupational morbidity statistics of Norwegian sick funds.

X-RAYS
Materials Investigation. The X-Ray Examination of Materials, A. G. Warren.
Instn. Elec. Engrs.— Jl., vol. 61, no. 322, Sept. 1923, pp.. 949-959, 28 figs.
Describes aspects of radiography as seen from author's viewpoint; lines along
which progress may be expected.

ZINC
Eleotrothermic. The Electrothermic Metallurgy of Zinc, B. M. O'Harra. U. S.
Bur. Mines, Bui. 208, 1923, 103, pp., 43 figs, partly on suppl plates. Cowles
Brothers' process; de Laval process and electric zinc smelting in Scandinavia;
de Laval cyclone, CasorettiandBertani.Salgues, Thierry, Taylor, shaft Gin induc-
tion, Louvrier, Queneau, Fulton electric-resistance briquet, Nathusius, and other
furnaces; Stansfield's experiment; Johnson, Imbert-Thomson-Fitzgerald, Cote
and Pierron process; Work of F. T. Snyder and Canada Zinc Co.; smelting
experiments of Canadian government; Perterson's experiments; zinc plant
of elektrometallurgischewarker Horrem, Germany; zinc condensation problem;
commercial possibilities of electric zinc smelting; selected bibliography.

ZINC ORE
Flotation. Selective Flotation of a Complex Zinc-Lead Ore, George J. Young. Eng.
& Min. Jl., —Press, vol. 116, no. 11, Sept. 15, 1923, pp. 453-456, 2 figs. 2 flow
sheet on supp. plate. Experimental work of Consolidated Min. & Smelting
Co. of Can. on Sullivan ore is successful; new mill erected at Kimberley, and
lino and lead products to be shipped to trail.

ENGINEERING INDEX — Supplementary List

BRIDGES, RAILWAY

Calculation, German Rules for. New German Rules for Railway Bridge Cal-
culations. Int. Ry. Congress— Bui , vol. 5, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 916-922, 1
fig. Extract from Zentralhlatt der Bauverwaltung, nos. 51 and 53, 1922, giving
synopsis of most important specifications, accordinh to new German rules for
1922, for calculations in connection with metal railway bridges.

Steel. Steel Railway Viaduct Over Deep Creek, J. R. Grant. Can. Eng., vol. 45,
no. 17, Oct. 23, 1923, pp. 421-122, 5 figs. Describes single-track viaduct built
for Pacific Great Eastern Ry.; bridge is over 1192 ft. long and 270 ft. high; des-
cribes erection methods.

CABLES, ELECTRIC
Telephone. The Rhineland Cable, F. A. Buchholz. Eng. Progress, vol. 4, no. 6,
June 1923, pp. 105-197, 5 figs. Particulars of underground telephone cable
tending from Berlin to Rhine. Construction of line and cable; developments
in cable construction during construction period and how they were utilized;
increasing range of cable by induction coils.

COAL MINES
Concrete in. The Uses of Concrete In and Around a Coal Mine, Luke Lindoe. Can.
Min. JL, vol. 44, nos. 35 and 43, Aug. 31, and Oct. 26, 1923, pp. 688-092 and 838-
842, 8 figs. Aug. 31: Surface structures. Oct. 20: Underground structures.

COAL MINING

Blasting Kruskopf Method. A New Way To Increase Lump Coal Production,
Alfred Stettbacher. Explosives Engr., vol. 1, no. 7, Sept. 1923, pp. 181-184
and 204, 9 figs. Describes method invented by Herman Kruskopf, of Dortmund,
used in Ruhr district, which saves explosives, cuts costs in blasting rock, and re-
duces explosions in gaseous and dusty mines.

Economical Methods. Ways of Operating Mines That Would Lower Cost. Coal
Age, vol. 24, no. 19, Nov. 8, 1923, pp. 691-694, 1 fig. Report of Nal Coal
Commission on underground management in bituminous mines; points out
economy of machine loading.

Longwall System. Working a Mine by Longwall Advancing, Homer Cote. Coal
Industry, vol. 6, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 424-426. 1 fig. A suggested method
for working thin seams which secures quick initial production at moderate cost;
good extraction, reduced trackage and simplified ventilation.
COKE

Combustibility. The Combustibility of Coke, H. D. Greenwood. Gas World, vol.
79, no. 2046, Oct. 6, 1923, pp. 18-19. Reactive surface and cellular structure;
carbonizing conditions and coke structure; importance of porosity hardly
justified.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

Harbor Works. Concrete and Reinforced Concrete — Their Application to the
Harbor Work of Three Ports in Spain — Means to Insure Their Preservation
and Their Watertightness, World Ports, vol. 11, no. 11, Sept. 1923, pp. 55-79.
Report presented at Inst. Congress of Navigation, London.

Monolithic Concrete System. Poured Concrete Houses in Holland. Concrete
& Constructional Eng., vol. 18, no. 10, Oct 1923, pp. 655-659, 7 figs. Descri-
bes monolithic concrete construction system invented by Greve, a Dutch archi-
tect which is a new system possessing two special features, viz., method of shut-
tering whereby walls may be poured complete or for one story at a time at one
operation, and composition of concrete of which buildings are formed; compo-
sition of concrete known as Korrelbeton.

CONCRETING

Cold-Weather. Fundamentals of Cold Weather Concreting. Eng. & Contracting
(Buildings), vol. 60, no. 4, Oct. 24, 1923, pp. 843-847, 7 figs. Methods for
winter work. From booklet of Portland Cement Assn.
CONVEYORS

Overhead. The Adaptibility of the Overhead Conveyor, Matthew W. Potts. Indus.
Management (N. Y.), vol. 66, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 292-299, 10 figs. Deals
with hoists, monorails and telphers.

DREDGES
Bucket. Steam Shovels and Bucket Dredgers for Excavating Work, ter Ohancssian.
Eng. Progress, vol. 4, no. 6, June 1923, pp. 108-110. figs Influence of nature
of ground; choice of driving power; economy of mechanical excavating work;
shovels A\ith adjustable discharge.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Rotary Cutters for. Rotarv Cutters for Sand and Gravel Dredges, Jean M.
Allen. Rock Products, vol. 26, no. 22, Nov. 3, 1923, pp. 16-18, 6 figs. Details
of device for insuring a regular feed of solids to pump which also protects it from
entrance of large stones.

ELECTRIC FURNACES

Fi vr. The New Electric Steel Furnaces at the Fiat Works in Turin, G. Vitali. Elec-
trician, vol. 91, no. 1366, Sept. 21, 1923, pp. 305-306, 4 figs. Description of
Fiat furnaces, and excellent results obtained from them. Abstract from Elek-
trotechnische Zeit. .

Tool Tevpering. Electric Furnaces in Tool Room on I. C. By. Elec. lingr., vol.
14, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 314-315, 5 figs. Describes equipment at Burnside
(Chicago) shop of Illinois Central, consisting of electric furnaces and ovens
for hardening and drawing purposes; Hoskins carbon resistor furnace, return
bend coil furnace made by Elec. Heat. Apparatus Co. and others.

ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINES
Sao and Load. Nomogran for Overhead Lines. (Das Freileitungs-Grundnomo-
gramm), Karl Riedlinger. Elektrotechnik u. Maschinenbau, vol. 41, no. 38,
Sept. 23, 1923, pp. 549-558, 4 figs. General charts for determination of stress
and sag of all overhead wiring and rope.

FORTIFICATIONS
Permanent. Some Ideas on the Future of Permanent Fortification Resulting from
Experiences of the Great War, R. P. Pakenham-Walsh. Roy. Engrs. Jl, vol. 37,
no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp. 448-462. Consideration of extent to which fortifications
existing at ourbreak of war fulfilled purpose of their designers, and investiga-
tion of failures.

GARBAGE COLLECTION
St. Paul, Minn. Garbage Collection in Saint Paul, James W. Routh. Public Works,
vol. 54, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 307-309, 2 figs. Lowered cost and improved ser-
vice secured by substitution of trailers, horsedrawn for collections and tractor-
drawn in trains for three to pig farms, for team and wagon collection formerly
employed, and still retained temporarily over a large part of city.

GAS DISTRIBUTION
Problems. Distribution Design Committee Report, Robert G. Griswold. Am.
Gas Jl., vol. 119, no. 20, 1923, pp. 465-168 and 470-171, 1 fig. Demand problem;
notes on taking pressures; durability on mains; Report delivered before Am.
Gas Assn.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES

British Types. The Shipping, Engineering and Machinery Exhibition. Automobile
Engr., vol. 13, no. 181, Oct. 1923, pp. 308-315, 20 figs. Description of British
internal-combustion-engine section.

LOCOMOTIVES
Internal-Combustion. Crude Oil Motor Locomotive. Engineering, vol. 116,
no. 3018, Nov. 2, 1923, pp. 553-554, 12 figs, partly on p. 555. Details of loco-
motive built by Swedish firm; engine is 2-cyiinder 2-eycle machine with crank-
case compression, provided with hot-bulb ignition, and centrifugal governor
controlling fuel pump.

MINE HOISTING

Coal Mines. Selecting Equipment for Vertical Shaft Hoisting, M. A. Maxwell.
Coal Age, vol. 24, no. 16, Oct. 18, 1923, pp. 581-585, 4 figs. Greater necessity
for shaft hoisting due to mining of deeper seams; selecting drum shape and type
of electric drive; describes various types of hoist-control equipment.

Control Equipment. Mine-Hoist Control Equipment for Large Installations, H.
W. Chadbourne. Coal Age. vol. 24, no. 18, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 659-661, 5 figs.
Advantages of Ugner-War-Leonard system; high-efficiency hoisting; automatic
control features; auxiliary hoisting motors for men and repairs.

MINE LOCOMOTIVES

Safety in Haulage. Safety in Mine Locomotive Haulage, G. F. MacWilliams.
Coal Mine Management, vol. 2, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 23-28. Deals with require
ment of locomotives, motors, bumpers, care of wheels, how treads are repaired,
trolley wire, restricted use of sand, and mine cars. Address delivered before
Nat. Safety Council.

MINES

Ventilation. Notes on Mine Air Conditioning, Martin J. Lide. Min. Congress
Jl., vol. 9, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 397-402, 6 figs. Discusses conditioning of
mine air in its relation to (a) more rapid production and accumulation of dust
with intensitive production due to cutting machines, owner drills, loading machi-
nes, etc., and wider distribution of this dust throughout mine, due to large volu-
mes of air currents, (b) seasonal and periodic drying out of mines, with danger
of a general dust explosion originating from some local explosion, and (c) rapid
cracking and disintegration of mine roofs with resulting casualties from rock
falls, due to alternate expansion and contraction of roofs resulting from con-
tinual alternate wetting and drying out of roofs with variations in external at-
mospheric conditions.

NICKEL
Uses. Industrial Uses of Nickel, Alfred Mond. Can. Min. Jl., vol. 44, no. 40, Oct.
5, 1923, pp. 785-786. Outlines post-war development of nickel industry; new
uses for nickel, including nickel coinage.

OIL FUEL
Gasification. External and Internal Gasification (Ueber fiussere und innere Ver-
gasung), S. della Porta. Motorwagcn, vol. 26, no. 25, Sept. 10, 1923, pp. 377-
378. Discusses process of gasification, and investigates, gasification from view-
point of distribution of gabified fuel in the air.

OIL SHALE
Colorado, Utah and Wyoming. Our Oil Shale Industry, Lawrench C. Phipps.
Min. Congress Jl., vol. 9, no. 11, Nov. 1923, pp. 405-406. Data regarding
vast area of oil shale lands in Colorado. Utah and Wyoming, which promise
to meet all incerase demands for oil; oil produced from these shales has proved
to be equal, if not superior, to highest grade petroleum.

PEAT

Minnesota Deposits. The Peat Deposits of Minnesota, E. K. Super. University
of Minn., Geol. Survey — Bui., no. 16, 1919, 261 pp., 48 figs, partly on supp.
plates. Origin, occurrence and uses of peat; peat deposits of Minnesots; des-
cription of localities by counties.

PETROLEUM
Bibliography. Recent Articles on Petroleum and Allied Substances, H. Britton.
U.S. Bur. of Mines, Aug. 1923, 34 pp. Articles on history and geographic occur-
rence; geology and origin; development and production; transportation, storage
and distribution; properties and their determination; refining and refineries;
utilization; legislation; statistics; etc.

POLES, CONCRETE
Tests. Significant Study of Concrete Poles by the Cleveland Railway Co., A. J. R.
Curtis. Concrete, vol. 23, no. 3, Sept. 1923, pp. 100-101, 4 figs. Results of
tests on solid concrete poles, hollow concrete poles, heavy-type and light-type
steel poles.

RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION
Norway. Electrifiction of Railway from Narvik to Risksgransen in Norway (Den
elektriserte Ofotbane), Hj. Schreiner. Teknisk Ukeblad, no. 33, Aug. 31, 1923,
pp. 271-275, 8 figs. Description of Norwegian part of railway between Lulea,
Sweden and Narvik, Norway; transmission line will carry single-phase current
at 80,000 volts and 15 cycles, which will be reduced to 16,200 volts in two
transformer stations, each having two 1500-kva transformers,

RAILWAY OPERATION
Train Control. Train Control Ry. Signaling, vol. 16, no. 11, Nov. 1923. Contains
following articles: Train Control Experience of C. & E. I., pp. 438-440, 4 figs.;
C. & A. Tests National Train Control, pp. 441-412, 2 figs.; C. & N. W. Tests
G. R. S. Train Control, pp. 443-445, 8 figs.

REFRACTORIES
Checkerbrick. Effect of Size and Physical Properties on the Heat Absorption of
Checkerbrick, O. A. Hougen and David H. Edwards. Chem. & Met. Eng.,
vol. 29, no. 18, Oct. 29, 1923, pp. 800-803, 6 figs. Account of tests on various
refractories which resulted in establishing useful facts as to relative merits of
possible refractory materials.

REFUSE DISPOSAL
Dumping Platform. New York's Concrete Municipal Dump, Frank W. Skinner.
Public Works, vol. 54, no. 10, Oct. 1923, pp. 313-314, 4 figs. Describes an
elevated platform enclosing base of Brooklyn bridge tower, for dumping refuse
onto scows, which affords 630 lineal feet of cantilevered dumping floor with easy
approach and exit ramps.

ROADS, CONCRETE
Construction. Lajing Concrete Pavements, Clifford Older. Can. Engr., vol. 45,
no. 19, Nov. 6, 1923, pp. 472-473. Modern methods as described in a report
presented at Int. Road Congress, Seville, Spain.

SCALES
Railway Service. Specifications for the Manufacture and Installation of Motor-
Truck, Built-in, Self-Contained, and Portable Scales for Railroad Service.
Am. Ry. Eng. Assn.— Bui., vol. 25, no. 257, July 1923, pp. 40-60.

SCRAP

Utilization. Saving Money from Scrap Materials. Indus. Management (Lond.),
vol. 10, no. 9. Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 242-243. Examples of savings effected by uti-
lization of scrap material in large electrical works.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL

Gas Production from Sludge. Recovery and Utilization of Gas from Putrefying
Chambers of Municipal Imhoff Tanks (Gewinnung und Verwertung des Gases
aus Faulriiumen stadticsher Klaranlagen) , H. Blunk and F. Sierp. Gesund-
heits-Ingenieur, vol. 46, no. 40, Oct. 6, 1923, pp. 393-397, 5 figs. Describes
plant for production of gas from sewage; composition of gases, heat value and
application; economy of plant.

Treatment. Sewerage Works Betterments at Marion, Ohio, George B. Gascoigne.
Am. City Mag., vol. 29, no. 5, Nov. 1923, pp. 511-515, 3 figs. Reasons for
betterments; financing storm sewers; describes sewage treatment works.

SEWERS
Maintenance. Sewer Maintenance in Dayton, Ivan E. Houk. Pub. Works, vol.
54, no. 9, Sept. 1923, pp. 291-294, 4 figs. Cleaning by flushing, by machine,
buckets, wheelbarrows, horse-drawn scoop and other cleaning methods; sewer
gases; annual cost of maintenance.

SLAG
Blast-Furnace. Utilization of Blast Furnace Slag for Construction Purposes, C. L.
McKenzie. Iron Age, vol. 112, no. 18, Nov. 1, 1923, pp. 1173-1174, Its use
in road vuilding. (Abstract.) Paper read before Am. Iron & Steel Inst.

SMOKE
Physico-Chemical Investigation. The Physico-Chemical Investigation of Smoke
as a Basis for Its Abatement and Utilization (Die physikalisch-chemische
Erforschung des Rauches als Grundlage seiner Bekiimpfung und Verwertung),
V. Kohlschutter. Mettall u. Erz. vol. 20, no. 19, Oct. 8, 1923. pp. 345-353.
Results of application of physical chemistry to investigation of smoke.

SOIL
Settling. The Causes of Settling of the Soil in Case of Groundwater Depressions
and of Caving In of Banks in Case of Lowering of Sea Level (Ueber die Ursachen
von Bodensetzungen bei Grundwasserabsenkungen und von Ufer-Abbriichen
bei der Absenkung von Seespiegeln), E. Meyer Peter. Schweizerische Bau-
zeitung, vol. 82, no. 12, Sept. 22, 1923, pp. 147-148, 2 figs.

STEEL

Automobile, Failures in. Failures in Steel Parts. Automobile Engr., vol. 13, no.
181, Oct. 1923, pp. 298-299, 10 figs. Notes on causes of breakage in common
automobile components.

Stainless. Stainless Steel, with Particular Reference to the Milder Varieties (Stain-
less Iron), John H. G. Monypenny. Am. Inst. Min. & Met. Engrs. — Trans.,
no. 1277-S, Nov. 1923, 17, pp., 18 figs., also (abstract) in Min. & Metallurgy,
vol. 4, no. 203, Nov. 1923, pp. 574-475. Structure and general properties of
steel containing 11 to 14 per cent of chromium after different forms of heat
treatment and effect on such material of variations in carbon content; effect
of variations in composition and heat treatment on resistance to corrosion of
such high-chromium steel; special properties produced in such steel when carbon
content is reduced to 0.10 per cent.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

\ Barrett Specification]
\Roof on Saskatchewan]
\ Cooperative Creameries.
\Arch.: J. H. Punti:
iCon't: Poole Const. Co.\

Roofer: IV. S. Johnston.

All of Regina.

Barrett Specification
20-YearBonded Roof on
Saskatchewan Gov't
Police Bldg. Arch.:
M. W. Sharon. Con't:
Poole Const. Co. Roofer:
W. S. Johnston. All of |
Regina.

■I IKi II IliiitailiiEii

Barrett Specification zo-Year Bonded
Roof, /food, Vallance,Ltd. Arch.: Storey
W Van Egmond. Con't: Poole Const.
Co. Rfr : IV. S. Johnston. All of Regina.

||I"I||||IIIIIIIIIIIHI>- -

I Barrett Specification 20-Year I
Bonded Roof on Merchants' Bank

\of Canada. Arch.: H. R. Little,
Montreal, Que. Con't : Carter,
Halls, Aldinger, Regina. Roofer :|

{Hastings i3 fVilloughby, Regina.

toil

• . ,

Regina Invests in

Guaranteed Roofing Service—

REGINA, the capital of Saskatchewan
- and the commercial metropolis of the
great Northwest, is the fastest growing
city in this pushing, prosperous territory.
All types of buildings house its varied ac-
tivities. And it is noteworthy that most of
Regina's substantial structures are cov-
ered with Barrett Specification Roofs.

For the architects of Regina know that
back of The Barrett Specification Roof
stand these four factors:

The- Barrett Specification — for flat (or nearly
flat) roof construction drawn up by Barrett
technical men with the cooperation of lead-
ing architects, engineers and contractors.

Standardized materials — The Barrett Speci-
fication rigidly prescribes the quality and
quantity of materials.

The Alan who lays the roof — Only a man
with an earned reputation for good work can

The

Company

obtain the surety bond for the owner of the
building.

.The Barrett Inspection — Highly trained
Barrett technical men are on the job to see
that The Barrett Specification is followed in
every detail. Only after their O.K. has been
received is the Bond issued.

Investing in a definite period of guar-
anteed service is the modern, efficient way
of buying roofs. And that means a Barrett
Specification Roof.

There are two types of Barrett Specifi-
cation Roofs — Type " AA," bonded for 20
years; Type "A," bonded for 10 years.
Both are built of the same high-grade
materials, the only difference being in the
quantity used.

We will gladly and promptly send you
copies of The Barrett Specifications.

Barrett Specification 20-Year
Bonded Roof on Kitchener School.
Arch.: J. H. Puntin. Con't: Wil-
son 13 Wilson. Roofer: Hastings
13 Willoughby.. All of Regina.

MONTREAL TORONTO WINNIPEG VANCOUVER
ST. JOHN, N. B. HALIFAX, N. S.

Barrett Specification 20- Year Bonded Roof \
on Lakeview School. Arch.: J. H. Puntin.
Con't.: H. C. McVean 13 Co. Roofer:
Hastings 13 Willoughhy. All of Regina.

Barrett Specification Roof on
Saskatchewan Cooperative
Elevator Co., Ltd. Arch.:
Storey 13 Van Egmond.
Con't: Poole Const. Co.
Roofer: W. S. Johnston. All
of Regina.

iillini!

1110

■ 1 ■

1! II

n a

WW\

Journal advertisers are worthy of your business consideration.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Ruston & Hornsby Ltd.

Lincoln, England.

Ruston Diesel

Oil Engines

Ruston Vertical Oil Engine.

AGENTS:

Laurie & Lamb,

Unequalled for Reliability
and Economy.

Do not use High Pressure
Air.

Best economy possible.

BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING,

MONTREAL.

The Canadian Bridge Co., Limited

Main Office and Works: Walkerville, Ont.

Designers, Manufacturers and Erectors of

STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK

Railway and Highway Bridges Grain Elevators, Storage Bins and Conveyor Bridges

Locomotive Turntables and Train Sheds Tank and Plate Work, of all kinds

Office Buildings and Manufacturing Plants Blast Furnaces, Ore Bins^ Coal Bins

Crane Girders and Runways, Coal and Ore Handling Lock Gates, Regulating Gates, and Penstocks

Bridges. Plain Structural Material furnished from stock.

An adequate engineering staff is prepared to advise
and to co-operate with prospective clients by furnish-
ing specifications, designs, estimates, reports and
tenders.

Special Attention Given to the Design and Manufacture of

ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION TOWERS

Sales Offices:
New Birks Building, MONTREAL, P.O. Huron & Erie Building, WINNIPEG, MAN.

Tegler Building, EDMONTON, ALTA.

Consult the advertiser, his information is valuable.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Standardization

The Keystone of Dodge Service in
Power Transmission Machinery

We have the capital, the experience, the equipment and the distributive power to justify our manufacturing
for stock a quantity of every Power Transmission Unit. We can do this because Dodge lines are standard
equipment in a majority of Canadian plants. Buyers can rely upon securing from us, at a moment's notice,
any quantity and any size of the following standard lines:

Pulleys (Wood— Iron — Steel) Hangers Countershaft Fixtures

Shafting Bearings Friction Clutches

Couplings Bushings Belt Conveyors

Brackets Gearing Chain

Pillow Blocks Sprocket Rope (all kinds)

Belting (Leather and Rubber)

Send us your rush orders and watch how well we shall serve you.

Special note to dealers: If you would like to secure an appointment as local stocker of Dodge lines, write to us

for full particulars.

DODGE

MANUFACTURING CO. OF CANADA, LIMITED

Head Office and Works: - TORONTO Branch Warehouse: 770 St. Paul St., West, - MONTREAL

Distributors : Chapman Double Ball Bearings Ex Our Stock

Engineered to
—Fit the Job

LSPECIALTIESH

G & W Potheads and boxes are
flexible and adaptable by combin-
ing different units into the proper
assembly any desired result may be accomplished.

Operating efficiency is about 90% dependent upon
the distribution accessories built into your system.

A study of G & W Catalog No. 12 will show how
easily full section alization and distribution control can
be incorporated in the Potheads and boxes which seal
the ends of your cable.

G & W Electric Specialty Company

Distribution Engineers, Manufacturers of Potheads of all kinds.

Switching and Distribution Boxes, Overhead and Underground Distribution Specialties.

7440-7450 South Chicago Ave. CHICAGO, U.S.A.

Representatives in All Principal Cities:

Powerlite Devices Limited, lU r'ront St. W. Toronto.
Powerlite Devices Limited, New Birks Bldg., Montreal.
Bentz-Richardson Co. Ltd., 592 Xotre Dame Avenue, Winnipeg, Man.
General Supplies, Limited, Calgary and Edmonton.

Journal advertisements are a business call at your office.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

THE MANY REPEAT ORDERS FROM
FORMER CUSTOMERS SPEAK LOUDER
THAN WORDS OF THE RELIABILITY OF

"NOVO" ENGINES

Gas, Gasoline and
Kerosene

Air Compressor Outfits

Pumping Outfits

Hoisting Outfits

Sawing Outfits

IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT FROM MONTREAL

BRANCH:

108 Main Building
TORONTO

Head Office:
MONTREAL.

Dominion Bridge Company, Limited

Montreal, P.Q.

Engineers, Manufacturers and Erectors of

STEEL STRUCTURES

RAILWAY AND HIGHWAY BRIDGES, SWING AND BASCULE SPANS-
BUILDINGS OF ALL KINDS; HEMISPHERICAL BOTTOM AND OTHER
TANKS; TRANSMISSION POLES AND TOWERS; RIVETED PIPE: CAISSONS;
BARGES, TURNTABLES, ELECTRIC AND HAND POWER CRANES. HOISTING
APPLIANCES. LIFT LOCKS. HYDRAULIC REGULATING GATES. ETC.
GEAR CUTTING AND GENERAL MACHINE WORK.

MAIN OFFICE and WORKS:

LACH1NE LOCKS, P.Q. P.O. ADDRESS: MONTREAL

Cable Address "DOMINION"

BRANCH WORKS:

TORONTO. Ont ,

WINNIPEG, Man.,

OTTAWA. Ont.

SALES OFFICES: Montreal. P.Q. Toronto, Ont. Winnipeg. Man. Ottawa. Ont.

Edmonton. Alta. Vancouver. B.C. Regina. Sask.

Members are urged to consult The Journal's advertising pages.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Canada '5 Larqest Propeller MaKers

Owen Sound

KENNEDYS *

Sectional or Solid
Large or Small

HUNDREDS of PATTERNS

All Propeller O Propeller Blade Orders
Rushed tr Absolutely Guaranteed

* Wire or Phone Us for

Prompt, Efficient Service/

r^the Wm • KENNEDY v SONS limited

OWEN SOUND • ONTARIO

COBALT— M. B. SAUNDERS, 8 Silver St., 'Phone 153.
MONTREAL— H. C. KENNEDY, 232 St. James St., 'Phone Main 394.
HALIFAX— C. A. FOWLER, Tramway Bldg., 'Phone Sackville 1700.

KENNEDYS KNOW THE PROPELLER BUSINESS

for specially difficult conditions

Install

FAIRBANKS-MORSE

Steam Pumps

Where sand and grit must be reckoned with, these
heavy service Duplex Pumps stand up under the
most trying conditions. Many installations are
'' giving continuous proof of this.

Our booklet explains in detail just why these pumps
.y are exceptionally durable and efficient. Our Engi-
neers will gladly give your organization the benefit
of actual experience in pumping problems. Write
our nearest Branch for data and prices.

THE CANADIAN FAIRBANKS=MORSE CO., LIMITED

ST. JOHN, QUEBEC, MONTREAL, OTTAWA, TORONTO, WINDSOR,

WINNIPEG, REGINA, CALGARY, VANCOUVER, VICTORIA.

171

Men of influence consult Journal advertising.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

City of Ashtabula
selects

ELESCO

Superheaters

This rapidly growing municipality takes a natural
pride in its new electric light station, which was
recently placed in service.

The plant was designed by Stone & Webster to
maintain the highest possible economy with a vari-
able load. Accordingly, the equipment was selected
with great care by the engineers in charge of the
work.

Two 650 H.P., Type "E" Underfeed Stoker Fired Connelly Water Tube Boilers, equipped with
ELESCO SUPERHEATERS operate at 200 lb. working pressure with a total steam temperature of
550 degrees. An even superheat of 160 degrees is easily carried by the superheaters, which have
proved entirely satisfactory in their performance.

Series O-T Bulletins will interest every power plant
executive and engineer. ' Mailed free on request.

Made

Canada

The Superheater Company, Limited

Transportation Bldg, MONTREAL
Works at SHERBROOKE, Que.

Write for the advertisers' literature mentioning The Journal.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

GRANT, HOLDEN, GRAHAM, Ltd.

G. H. G. Polar Sleeping Robes

made to stand the most severe climates.

Filled with the best quality Down

and lined with Wool Kersey.

Covered with Waterproof Duck

Head Office and Factory :

147-151 Albert Street, Ottawa, Ont.

Branch Factories: Vancouver, B.C. and Hull, Que.

E. G. M. Cape& Company

Engineers and Contractors
General Building Construction

Some buildings recently completed
or in course of construction: —

Factory for Northern Electric Company: Office
Building and Shipbuilding Plant for Canadian
Vickers, Limited; Liverpool & London & Globe
Insurance Company's new building: Atlantic
Sugar Refinery, St. John, N.B.; Ross Pavilion,
Royal Victoria Hospital; Reinforced Concrete
Storage for The John Bertram & Sons Company,
Limited, Dundas, Ont.; The Military Hospital at
Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que.; New Buildings for
Can. Connecticut Cotton Mills, Sherbrooke,
Que.; New Buildings for Brown Corporation,
La Tuque, Que.; Additions to old Medical Bldg
and Library for McGill University.

Estimates and tenders furnished on
all classes of Construction Work.

Head Office:

920 NEW BIRKS BLDQ. PHILIPS SQUARE

MONTREAL

Better Service
is Built Right into

JENKINS

BRONZE

GATE VALVES

Fig. 300

JENKINS

Bronze Gale Valve

Type "K."

Every Jenkins Bronze Gate Valve is built
with such careful precision and the metal
is so evenly distributed that positive
rigidity and strength are assured and risk
of distortion through strain or shock is
entirely avoided.

Only the highest quality metal is selected
for Jenkins Bronze Gate Valves. Spindles
are made of Manganese Bronze and all
parts are carefully machined to gauge.

Being of the split-wedge type these
"Diamond-Marked" Gate valves may be
operated in any position without danger
of discs jamming. You'll find a detailed
description of these models and the
other Jenkins Lines in Catalog No. 9 —
free on request.

JENKINS BROS.,

LIMITED

Head Office and Works:
103 St. Remi St., - MONTREAL

Sales Offices:

TORONTO - VANCOUVER

European Branch:

LONDON W. C. 2. ENGLAND

Factories: MONTREAL BRIDGEPORT ELIZABETH

Always marked with the" Diamond "

enMnsValves

f SINCE 1664

When purchasing equipment consider The Journal advertiser.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

"V" TYPE
REES RoTURBo

Patent Pressure Chamber
Pumps

These Pumps embody the advan-
tages of our several Rees RoTURBo
Patents and improvements. They
are very compact and, like all
other types of Rees Pumps, are
self-regulating and highly efficient.

This type is built for capacities up to 1000 Imperial Gallons per minute.

Rees RoTURBo Pumps are built in all
sizes and to suit any pumping condition

CATALOGUES, PLANS, PRICES, ETC., SENT ON REQUEST.

Babcock- Wilcox & Goldie-McCulloch Co., Limited

Head Office and Works: GALT, Ontario, Canada

TORONTO OFFICE:
Suite 1101-2.
Bank of Hamilton Bld'g

WESTERN BRANCH: OUEBEC AGENTS: BRITISH COLUMBIA AGENTS:

248 McDermott Ave., Ross & Grelft, Robt. Hamilton & Co.,

Winnipeg. Man. 400 St. James St., Vancouver, B.C.

Montreal, Que.

STEEL &

FERRO-ALLOY

CASTINGS

FOR ALL PURPOSES

1 lb. to 50 tons.

ELECTRICAL, HYDRAULIC,

LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE,

MECHANICAL, MINING,

ETC.

TIE

€AMADHAM
ML IFOTJMMEnH!

LEMHTISP

MONTREAL

Every advertisement is a message to you.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Water and Fire
Protection

Man cannot live safely
in communities without
properfireprotection. And
fire protection means
water. First theremustbe
waterstoredand distribut-
ed so it will be available
for effective use in time of
need. You must be pro-
tected against fire. You
must have water.

A Canadian - Des Moines
Elevated Steel Tank will
store any amount of water
from 30,000 to 1,200,000 gal-
lons and deliver it at
sufficient pressure to meet
any emergency. Gravity
supplies the pressure. No
dependance on machinery.
Always ready, always sure.

Write today tor lull details.

Canadian Des Moines Steei
Co., Ltd.

265 lushes Ave., Chatham, Ont.

Dept. No. 65 — 70 St. James St.

Montreal, Que.

CA?#ASMAN

Robert W. Hunt & Co.

Limited

CONSULTING and INSPECTING ENGINEERS,
CHEMISTS and METALLURGISTS

Expert inspection and tests of all structural materials and
mechanical equipment.

REPORTS ON PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES

Head Office and Laboratories: McGILL BUILDING, MONTREAL
Branches: Toronto Vancouver London, England

REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE FOR

WATER SUPPLY LINES

Permanent, Flexible
.. and Watertight ..

CANADA LOCK JOINT PIPE,

LIMITED

65 Pleasant Boulevard, Toronto, Ont.

ENUS

PENCILS

The Largest Selling Quality
Pencil in the World

IT would be impossible to estimate
tlie total annual value of all the con-
struction work, machinery and other
products and enterprises made from
plans or sketches prepared with
VENUS PENCILS.

But it is a matter of accurate record
to estimate the overwhelming prefer-
ence for^ enus Pencils among leading
engineers and technical men.

17 Black Degrees

6B Softest to 9H Hardest

also 3 Copying

Plain Ends per doz. - $1.50
Rubber Ends per doz. $1.75

At station ers 9
dra I ting supply
dealers ami stores
throughout the
world.

VENUS ERASERS
The first Eraser of
its kind made in
America — and stitl
the best. 12 sizes.

American Lead Pencil Co.

243 Fifth Avenue, New York

and London, Eng.

Send coupon today for free sample

Send samples VENUS degrees checked below — and a
VENUS ERASER.

For bold heavy lines - - - 6B-5B-4B-3B
For general writing and sketching - 2H-B-IIB-F-IJ
For clean, fine lines - - 2H-3H-4H-5H.-6H

For delicate, thin lines .... 7H-8H-9H

Name

Address —

Profession

Every advertiser is worthy of your support.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

NATIONAL IRON CORPORATION, Limited

Head Office, Works and Docks :— TORONTO

Every size for Water, Gas, Culvert or Sewer, Carried in Stock at
Lake or Rail Shipments TORONTO, PORT ARTHUR and MONTREAL

The Rail Joint Company of Canada, Limited

McQill Building, MONTREAL

Makers of Base-Supported and 100% Rail Joints for

Standard, Girder and Special Rail Sections. Also

Joints for Frogs and Switches, Insulated Rail Joints

and Step or Compromise Joints.

PROTECTED BY PATENTS

Grand Prize, San Francisco, 1915

LEONARD CLIPPER ENGINE

TS designed to fill a widespread and growing demand for an engine capable of doing heavy,
continuous work with the least amount of care and attention.

E. LEONARD & SONS, LTD.

Head Office and Works: London, Canada, — Branches and Agents from Coast to_Coast,

ESTABLISHED 1834.

Advertisements have an educational value. Read them carefully.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

This Splendid Plant and Equipment
FOR SALE

AIR COMPRESSORS

Item 4025 8 "Can-Ingersoll Rand" Compressors —
1053 cubic feet capacity — cross com-
pound — belt driven.

Item 4026 5 "Sullivan" Compressors — 1100 cubic
feet capacity — angle compound — belt
driven.

BOILERS

Item 3000 2 Locomotive Type Boilers — 60 H.P. on
skids.
CHANNELLERS

Item 4024 14 "Sullivan" Type VW-61 Channellers —
Duplex.
CONCRETE MIXERS

Item 3004 15 "Ransome" Mixers — 1 cubic yard capa-
city, electric driven — on skids.

Item 3005 3 "London" Mixers — 1 cubic yard capa-
city, electric driven on skids.
CONVEYORS

Item 9006 1 "Stephens - Adamson" Conveyor 702'
centres — ■ 30 inch.

"Robins" Conveyors — 600' centres — 24
inch.

"Can-Ingersoll Rand" Submarine Drills

— Type H66.

"Sullivan" Tripod Drills — Type FP-3.
"Canadian Ingersoll Rand" Tripod Drills

— Type LG54.
"Canadian Ingersoll Rand" Tripod Drills

— Type LG53M-

"Sullivan" Hammer Drills — Type DP33.
"Canadian Ingersoll Rand"

Jackhammers BCR-430.
"Canadian Ingersoll Rand"

Jackhammers DDR-13.
"Oldham" Plug Drills — Type L.

"Mead Morrison" Electric Hoists — ■

Double Drum — with 80 H.P. Motors.

"Marsh Engineering Works" Electric

Hoists — Double Drum — with 75 H.P.

Motors.

"Maine" Electric Hoist — Double Drums

— with 37 H.P. Motor.

3TIVES

"American" Saddle Tank — 18 x 24 cyls.

— 57 Tons.

"Montreal Loco. Works" Saddle Tank
— 10" x 14" cylinders — 18 Tons —
standard gauge.

"Pennsylvania" Switchers — 17" x 24"
cyls. — 40 Tons — with 8 wheel Tenders.
Electric Locomotives 500/600 volt D.C.

— 50 Tons.
SHOVELS

Item 4001 1 Model 60 "Marion" — 2M yd. — 70 Tons.
Item 4000 1 Class C-45 Atlantic— 2Y 2 yd.— 65 Tons.
Item 3011 2 Model 103C "Bucyrus" Electric— 4^ yd.
Item 3012 3 Model 225B "Bucyrus" Electric 6-8 yd.
SNOW PLOW „ , A „ „

Item 3013 1 "Can. Car & Fdry. Co." Standard R.R.
Snow Plow.

TRACTORS

Item 3015 4 "Fordson" Gasoline Tractors complete.

We list above only a few of the interesting items we
have available. We have an immense stock of Con-
tractors' Tools and Accessories and will be glad to
send our "Sales Inventory" upon request.

HYDRO SALVAGE SYNDICATE

P. O. BOX 109, NIAGARA FALLS, ONT.

(operated by)
Canadian Equipment Co. Ltd. F. H. Hopkins & Co. Ltd.

Montreal Montreal — Toronto

Item 9007

DRILLS

Item 4016 20

Item 4017
Item 4021

40
5

Item 4022

Item 4018
Item 4019

50
10

Item 4020

Item 4023

HOIST

Item 9196 2

Item 3007

Item 9197

Item 4005

COM

Item 4003

Item 4002

Item 3009

Irving

A PATENTED

THE FIREPROOF
OPEN STEEL FLOORING

New uses for Irving Subway are developing
every day— as its advantages and economies
become better known. Its permanently non-
slipping surface gives a safety factor of incalcul-
able value. Its light panels of convenient size
can be adjusted to any area, can be rearranged
as desired, and need only the lightest supports,
with no special fasteners. Its life is the life of
steel — there is no instance of its wearing out —
its first cost is its only cost. Its smooth surface
meets all requirements — yet 80% of its area is
open space for light and air.

Write for Catalog 4A60.

IRYINC IRONWORKS GO.

Long Island City, N.Y. U.S.A.

Manufacturers also of

Irving 5A|steP

ABSOLUTELY NON-SLIPPING ALWAYS
Canadian Agents :

Montreal, P.O., 304 Coristine Bldg.

Winnipeg, Man., 141 Bannatyne, Ave.

Welland, Ont., Standard Steel Cons. Co.

Journal advertisers are discriminating advertisers.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Why invest in
Hydro-Electric Securities ?

Hydro-electric securities, the obligations of an
economically sound and rapidly growing
industry, combine all the elements of safety
with the assurance of steadily increasing
earnings.

We specialize in the underwriting and sale of
hydro-electric securities. Write for our list of
offerings. With your technical knowledge you
will clearly see- that they offer the most
attractive opportunities for profit with safety.

NESBITT, THOMSON & COMPANY

Limited,

145 St. James Street, Montreal.
Toronto, Hamilton, London, Ont. Winnipeg.

269

THE CANADA CONTINUOUS

ELECTRIC BLUE PRINTING

MACHINE

THE FASTEST MACHINE MADE
ECONOMICAL— SIMPLE— STRONG

Write for full particulars to the manufacturers

J. FRANK RAW CO. Limited

56 Adelaide St., East
Toronto. Ont.

WATER- POWERS

—IN THE—

PROVINCE OF QUEBEC

To obtain authorization for the utilization of
water-powers in the Province of Quebec, application
should be made to the Honourable Minister of
Lands and Forests.

They are granted under emphyteutic leases, the
conditions of which are upon the following lines :

1.— Duration of the lease, from 25 to 50 years, according to
the importance of the water-power.

2.— Payment of a yearly rental which does not vary during
the term of the lease.

3.— An additional yearly charge of 50c per HP developed.

4.— The above charge (Art. 3) is subject to revision, every 10

years.

5.— A delay of two years Is granted for beginning works and
of two further years for producing power.

6.— The lessee is under obligation to make a deposit in
money or In securities, as a guarantee of good faith in the
carrying out of the contract.

7.— The grantee must submit plans of his works mills, etc.,
to the Dept., previous to their installation.

For further information, please write to the Dept. of Lands
and Forests, P.O.

Minister: Honourable Honore Mercier;

Deputy-Minister: Elz. Miville Dechene;

Chief of Hydraulic Service: Arthur Amos, A.M.E.I.C.

THE VULCAN IRON WORKS,

LIMITED

Established 1874

WESTERN CANADA'S PIONEER IRON WORKS.

Fire Hydrants,

Road Drags,

Snow Plows for attaching to Motor Trucks.
Municipal Castings (Iron and Brass)
Structural Steel
Boilers and Steel Plate Work
Iron and Steel Fprgings
Steel Tanks of every description
Electric Steel Castings

Our facilities enable us to give
prompt and efficient service

The Vulcan Iron Works, Limited,

WINNIPEG, MAN.

Advertisers appreciate the engineer's purchasing power.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

De Laval Gasoline Engine Driven Pumps

— for Fire Protection at Barrie, Ont.

Barrie uses two electric motor driven De Laval
Pumps, while a third, an 8 in. two-stage pump, is
driven by a Sterling gasoline engine. The latter,
which has a capacity of 1,800 gal. per min. against
275 ft. head when running at 1,400 r.p.m., can be easily
started on a moment's notice, and provides fire protec-
tion in the event of failure of the electric current
supply. De Laval centrifugal pumps are ideally
adapted for gasoline engine drive because of their high
efficiency, low starting torque and power limiting
characteristic.

The horizontally split casing, with suction and
discharge connections in the lower or main part of the
casing, renders all internal parts at once accessible
upon lifting the casing cover. There are no diffusion
rings to become damaged or rusted. All parts are
made to limit gages on an interchangeable basis, and
parts subject to wear, such as shaft protecting sleeves
and bearings, are easily replaced. The efficiency is
guaranteed and is demonstrated by test at the factory.

If interested in pumping, whether by steam, elec-
tricity, water power or internal combustion engine,
read our book W-103.

e Laval Steam Turbine Co.

TURBINE EQUIPMENT CO. LTD.,
73 King St. West, Toronto

THE E. LAURIE COMPANY
243 Bleury St., Montreal, Que.

265

THE

RANDOLPH MACDONALD

COMPANY LIMITED

CONTRACTORS

CANAL AND HARBOUR WORKS

CROWN OFFICE BUILDING
26 QUEEN STREET EAST

TORONTO

Canada

Ke rr Valve s

Write us to-day for our Catalog of

Brass and Iron Body Cate Valves,
Check Valves, Globe and Angle Valves,

Radiator Valves, Underwriters

Approved Valves, Indicator Posts and

FIRE HYDRANTS

The Kerr Engine Co.,

LIMITED

WALKERVILLE, ONTARIO.

B. J. COGHLIN CO. LIMITED

MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS

SPRINGS

OFFICE and WORK:

Ontario St. East

DARLING «<( DAVIDSON

TREAL

IMPROVI

POWER FACTOR

Helsby Static Condensers

-OR-

SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS

SEND US YOUR INQUIRIES, OR YOUR TROUBLES AND
CONDITIONS FOR ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

GRISWOLD & COMPANY

LIMITED
285 BEAVER HALL HILL, MONTREAL

Mention of The Journal to advertisers advances your interests.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

On Sale Everywhere

Send for Catalogue

f UFfGN TAPES

MADE IN CANADA

PROGRESSIVE LINES

RECOGNIZED STANDARD
LONGEST, MOST SATISFACTORY SERVICE
A STYLE AND GRADE FOR EVERY PURPOSE.

7tf Efi/FK/N Rule fig ofQanada^Iw.

WfND.SOR.ONr.

CANADA IRON FOUNDRIES, LIMITED

mmffmmWWmm,

'CAST IRON PIPE has the

Greatest Resistance

to Corrosion."

BELL and SPIGOT and FLANGED CAST IRON PIPE : SPECIALS and CASTINGS of all Kinds : CAR WHEELS

HEAD OFFICE:
Mark Fisher Building, Montreal

Works at: Fort William, Ont., St. Thomas, Ont.,
Hamilton, Ont., Three Rivers, Que.

Yes We Can Supply It

Whenever you are in need of any of the following engineering specialties, just write,
wire or phone your requirement, and it will receive our immediate attention.

Rawlplugs — Inventions Ltd., Montreal.

I-T-E Circuit Breakers and U-Re-Lites.
Cutter Elec. & Mfg. Co., Philadelphia.

HiTension AlrBreak Switching Equipment
S & C Fuses and Lightning Arresters.
Schweitzer & Conrad, Inc., Chicago.
Air Filters— Midwest Canada Ltd.

Industrial Control A.C.or D.C.Hand or Auto
Sundh Electric Co. Inc., Newark, N.J.

Electric Motors— Robbins & Myers.

Brantford, Ont.
Magnet Wire and Varnished Insulations.
Acme Wire Co., New Haven, Conn.

Electrical Porcelain— Federal Porcelain Co.,
Carey, O.

Telephone and Signal Systems— Samson
Electric Co., Canton, Mass.

Dominion Engineering Agency Limited

President: D. M. FRASER

24 Adelaide Street, East - Toronto, Ont.
QUEBEC AND EASTERN ONTARIO REPRESENTATIVE; E. W. PLAYFORD, 358 Beaver Hall Sq., Montreal, P.O.

Hydraulic Turbines

—OF—

CANADIAN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

HIGHEST EFFICIENCY.

SUBSTANTIAL CONSTRUCTION.

CONTINUOUS SERVICE.

OUR HYDRAULIC TURBINES ENSURE

A SOUND INVESTMENT.

Boving Hydraulic & Engineering

Company Limited
LINDSAY, ONT.

Make Journal advertising one hundred per cent efficinet.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

STANDARD - STEEL - SERVICE

STEEL BUILDINGS & BRIDGES

GIRDERS, COLUMNS, TRUSSES

—STOCK STEEL-
PLATES, SHAPES & BARS

Standard Steel Construction Co.

LIMITED

WELLAND, ONTARIO

DESIGNED TO WORK

BUILT TO OVERWORK

CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES

H.S.POWLEY^CO.,

85 FLORENCE ST. TORONTO. CANADA

A Word To Engineers.

Most Engineers- -when specifying any particular equipment, do so,
because the goods specified are so designed as to be in keeping
with good engineering practice- -which proves that engineers desire
most of all that the plants they equip shall give the smallest degree of
trouble and be as efficient and dependable as possible in actual service.

"DART" FLANGE UNIONS

Have Bronze to Bronze Seats

Dart Union Co., Limited,

TORONTO

"DART" FLANGE UNIONS

Have Ball-Shaped Ground Seats

Morse Silent Chains

(1000 and 500 H.P. Morse Silent Chain Drives from Engine
to Lineshaft.)

TELL US YOUR TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS

JONES & GLASSCO regd.

CANADIAN AGENTS

St. Nicholas Building

MONTREAL

Bank of Hamilton Bulldlnft

TORONTO

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE No. 14

J. G. Allan, President

James A. Thomson, Vice-President

™ 6ARTSH0RE-THQMS0N PIPE & FOUNDRY GO. Limited

MANUFACTURERS OF

Flexible and Flange Pipe
and Special Castings

Flanged Ts., Bends, etc., made to
any specification.

3 inches to 60 Inches diameter.

for Water, Gas and Culvert
HAMILTON, ONT.

Valuable suggestions appear in the advertising pages.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Strauss Vertical Overhead Counterweight. Bascule.

Counterweight. Concealed

Osborne St. Bridge, WINNIPEG.

Strauss Bridges have been developed for
every requirement of navigation and land
traffic, as evidenced in scores of Strauss
bridges built in Canada, the United States
and Abroad.

CONSULT US before adopting plans or
undertaking construction.

The STRAUSS BASCULE
BRIDGE CO. ENGINEERS

225 No. Michigan Ave.

Canadian Office :
London Bldg., Vancouver, B.C.

CHICAGO, U.S.A.

New York Office :
Knickerbocker Building

MacKinnon Steel Co,

LIMITED

SHERBROOKE, QUEBEC

Structural Steel

AND

Steel Plate Work

BUILDINGS - BRIDGES
TANKS

Forward enquiries to Department E.
Estimates promptly furnished.

John Erskine, B. Sc, A.M.E.I.C.
General Manager.

William Farrar,
President.

The Mohawk Sand & Gravel

Company, Limited

Capacity — 25 cars per day

Sand, 1" and 2" Crushed

Gravel, Pea Gravel, Crushed

Pit Run Gravel

Can ship by T.H.B., C.P.R., G.T.R., M.C.R.

Material Test Sand contains less than 1% of
loam.

Box 336

Brantford, Ontario

Canadian Tie and Lumber Co,

LIMITED

511 Temple Building,
Toronto, ' Ontario

Phone Main 1151.

MILTON HERSEY CO., Limited

INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTS, ENGINEERS & INSPECTORS

MONTREAL WINNIPEG

Analyse* and Testa of all Materials Including Steel, Brass, Coal. Oils,
Water, Ores. Sands, Cement.

Specialist* (or Industrial Chemical Problems, Cement and Asphalt
Construction Work, Steel Inspection and Water Supply.

"The Largest and Best Equipped Commercial Laboratories In Canada"

RSTABLISHBD 37 YEARS

Mentioning The Journal gives you additional consideration.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

A year from no w— can the
line shaft be moved?

In building that factory, it's easy to provide anchorage for
present requirements, but how about the future removal of the
shafting a few inches, or several feet to the right or left ?

Midwest Box Rails — the long continuous inserts— solve future
as well as present anchorage problems. They also act as effective
reinforcement, reducing the area of reinforcing steel required

Get this FREE Book

The Midwest Data Book of construction
details should be in the hands of every
architect, engineer or contractor before he
starts an industrial building job. Send to
Dept S-ll for a copy.

MIDWEST CANADA LTD.

83 Craig St. West

MONTREAL Que

MJDWHT Box Rails

Correct Lubrication Eliminates Wear

The special lubricating
compound in which the
Trident (Enclosed) Gear
Train is immersed and in
which it revolves, will not
wash away. It stays on
the gear train, protecting,
preserving and lubricating
it, ensuring years of ac-
curate operation.

Neptune Meter Co., Limited

Factory and Head Office
1197 King Street W. Toronto, Ont.

Manitoba: Walsh and Charles, 406 Tribune Bldg., Winnipeg.

Maritime Province: Jas. Robertson, St. John, N.B.

British Columbia: Gordon & Belyea Ltd., 148 Alex. St., Vancouver.

A Trident for every purposed— Disc.
Crest, Compound, Protectus. Full
details upon request.

Valuable suggestions appear in the advertising pages.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Purchasers' Classified Directory

A Selected List of Equipment, Apparatus and Supplies

For Alphabetical List of Advertisers see page 44

Acldai

Nichols Chemical Co., Ltd.
Air Brakes:

Canadian General Electric Co.,
Ltd.
Air Coolers:

Laurie and Lamb.
Alumina Sulphate;

Nichols Chemical Co., Ltd.
Ammonia Controlled Water

Regulators:

Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Ammonia Valves and Fittings:

Crane Ltd.
Anchorage Equipment:

Midwest Canada, Ltd.
Angles:

Dominion Bridge Co., Ltd.

Hamilton Bridge Works Co., Ltd
Arches, Flat:

Combustion Engineering Corp.,
Ltd.
Asphalt:

Imperial Oil Ltd.
Ash Handling Equipment:

Combustion Engineering Corp.
Ltd.
Automatic Air Valves:

Jenkins Bros., Ltd.
Automatic Underfeed Stokers:

Combustion Engineering Corp.,
Ltd.

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.
Automobiles:

Ford Motor Co., of Canada, Ltd.

Balls, Chromang Grinding:

William Kennedy & Sons, Ltd.
Balls, Steel:

Canadian S.K.F. Co.. Ltd.
Bar Benders:

Koebring Co., of Canada, Ltd.
Bar Cutters:

Koehring Co., of Canada, Ltd.
Barge Cranes:

Industrial Works.
Bars, Reinforcing:

Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd.

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.

Burlington Steel Co., Ltd.
Bars, Steel & Iron:

Burlington Steel Co., Ltd.

Steel Co., of Canada Ltd,
Beams:

Dominion Bridge Co., Ltd.

Hamilton Bridge WorksCo., Ltd.
Bearings, Ball:

Canadian S.K.F., Co., Ltd.

Openshaw & Bennett, Ltd.
Bearings, Fibre:

Diamond State Fibre Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Bearings, Roller:

Canadian S.K.F. Co., Ltd.
Belting:

Dunlop Tire and Rubber Goods
Co., Ltd.

General Supply Co., of Canada,
Ltd.

Jones and Glassco, Regd.
Blowers, Centrifugal:

De Laval Steam Turbine Co.
Blue Print Machinery:

Instruments Ltd.

J. Frank Raw Co., Ltd.
Boilers:

E. Leonard & Sons, Ltd.

Waterous Engine Works Co.,
Ltd.
Boilers, Heating:

Engineering & Machine Works
of Canada, Ltd.

E. Leonard & Sons, Ltd.

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.
Boilers, Marine:

Engineering & Machine Works
of Canada, Ltd.
Boilers, Power:

Engineering & Machine Works
of Canada, Ltd.
Boilers, Portable:

E. Leonard & Sons, Ltd.
Boilers, Return Tubular:

Babcock- Wilcox & Goldie-

McCulloch Co., Ltd.
Bolts:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.

Steel Co., of Canada, Ltd.
Books:

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Renouf Publishing Co.

Bridges, Highway:

Hamilton Bridge WorksCo., Ltd.
Bridges, Steel:

Canadian Bridge Co., Ltd.

Dominion Bridge Co., Ltd.

Hamilton Bridge Works Co., Ltd.
Broadcasting Equipment:

Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co.,
of Canada, Ltd.

Northern Electric Co., Ltd.
Buckets, Clamshell, Grab:

Industrial Works.
Buckets, Clamshell, Orange-peel:

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.
Bucket Loaders:

Mussens Ltd.
Builders Supplies:

Jno. E. Russell Co., Ltd.
Building Papers:

Barrett Co., Ltd.
Buildings, Steel:

Canadian Bridge Co., Ltd.

Dominion Bridge Co., Ltd.

Hamilton Bridge Works Co., Ltd.

MacKinnon Steel Co., Ltd.

Cars, Dump:

Hydro Salvage Syndicate.
Mussens Ltd.
Car Dumpers:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.,

Ltd.
F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.
Car Equipment Specialties:

Dominion Insulator & Mfg. Co
Ltd.
Car Pullers:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.,
Ltd.
Car Wheels, Chilled Iron.

Canada Iron Foundries, Ltd.
Cargo Cranes:

Industrial Works.
Casements, Steel:

Canadian Metal Window 4

Steel Products, Ltd.
Trussed Concrete Steel Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Castings:

William Kennedy & Sons, Ltd.
Castings, Brass:

Engineering & Machine Works

of Canada, Ltd.
Superheater Co., Ltd.
Castings, Bronze:

Engineering & Machine Works
of Canada, Ltd.
Castings, Car and Locomotive:

Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd.
Castings; Ferro-Alloy.

Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd.
Castings, Iron:

Canada Iron Foundries, Ltd.
Engineering & Machine Works

of Canada, Ltd.
Gartshore-Thomson Pipe and

Foundry Co., Ltd.
E. Leonard & Sons, Ltd.
Superheater Co., Ltd.
Castings, Steel:

Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd.
Catenary Materials:

Dominion Insulator & Mfg., Co.
Ltd.

Cement, Dealers:

Jno. E. Russell Co., Ltd.
Cement Gun:

General Supply Co., of Canada,
Ltd.
Cement, Manufacturers:

Canada Cement Co., Ltd.
Cement, Waterproofing:

Dominion Tar A Chemical Co.,
Ltd.
Chains:

Link-Belt, Ltd.
Chains, Silent:

Jones and Glassco, Regd.
Channels:

Dominion Bridge Co., Ltd.

Hamilton Bridge Works Co., Ltd.
Chemist, Industrial:

Milton Hersey Co., Ltd.
Chimneys:

Combustion Engineering Corp..
Ltd.
Circuit Breakers:

Dominion Engineering Agency,
Ltd.
Clamshell Buckets:

Industrial Works.

Coal:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.
Coal Handling Equipment:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.,
Ltd.

Combustion Engineering Corp..
Ltd.

Dominion Bridge Co., Ltd.

Link-Belt, Ltd.
Coke:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd
Cooling Air Filters:

Midwest Canada, Ltd.
Compressor Filters:

Midwest Canada, Ltd.
Compressors:

General Supply Co., of Canada,
Ltd.
Compressors, Air:

Canadian Westinghouse,Co.,Ltd.

Hydro Salvage Syndicate.
Compressors, Ammonia:

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.
Compressors, Centrifugal.

De Laval Steam Turbine Co.
Concrete Inserts, Continuous:

Midwest Canada, Ltd.
Concrete Mixers:

General Supply Co., of Canada,
Ltd.

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.

Hydro Salvage Syndicate.

Koehring Co., of Canada, Ltd.

Mussens Ltd.
Condensers, Synchronous & Static

Canadian General Electric Co.,
Ltd.
Condenslte Celoron Silent Gears.

Diamond State FibreCo., of
Canada Ltd.
Construction Material:

Northern Electric Co., Ltd.
Contractors:

E. G. M. Cape & Co.

Chick Contracting Co., Ltd.

E. O. Leahey & Co., Ltd.
Randolph MacDonald Co., Ltd.

Contractors' Plant and Supplies.

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.
Controllers, Electric:

Canadian Westint;house Co. Ltd.
Conveyors:

Canadian Mead-Morrison o.,
Ltd.

Combustion Engineering Corp.,
Ltd.
Conveyors, Belt and Screw:

Link-Belt. Ltd.
Conveyors, Portable Belt:

Mussens Ltd.
Couplers, Car and Locomotive:

Canadian Steel Foundries. Ltd.
Combination Crane Pile Drivers:

Industrial Works.
Cranes, Electric:

Industrial Works.
Cranes, Locomotive:

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.

Industrial Works.

Link-Belt, Ltd.

MuBsens Ltd.
Cranes, Pillar:

Industrial Works.
Cranes, Transfer:

Industrial Works.
Cranes, Travelling:

Dominion Bridge Co., Ltd
Cranes, Tunnel:

Industrial Works.
Cranes, Wrecking:

Industrial Works.
Creosote Oils:

Barrett Co., Ltd.

Dominion Tar & ChemicalCo.,
Ltd.
Cross Arm Braces, Steel:

Burlington Steel Co., Ltd.
Crushed Stones:

Jno. E. Russell Co.. Ltd.
Crushers, Jaw, Gyratory:

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.
Culvert Pipe:

Canada Lock Joint Pipe, Ltd.

Gartshore-Thomson Pipe and
Foundry Co., Ltd.

Pedlar People, Ltd.
Culverts, Metal:

Pedlar People, Ltd.
Culverts, Road:

Canada Lock Joint Pipe, Ltd.

Damp Proof Coating:

Dominion Tar and ChemicalCo.,
Ltd.
Damper Regulation:

Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Derricks:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.,

Ltd.
Mussens Ltd.
Dies:

Pratt & Whitney Co., of Canada,
Ltd.
Doors, Fireproof:

Canadian Metal Window and
Steel Products, Ltd.
Draughting Supplies:
Instruments, Ltd.
J. Frank Raw Co.. Ltd.
Dredges:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.,
Ltd.
Drill Chucks:

Canadian S.K.F., Co. Ltd.
Dumb Waiters, Electric:

Turnbull Elevator Co., Ltd.

E
Economizers:

Combustion Engineering Corp.,
Ltd.

General Supply Co., of Canada
Ltd.
Electric Cranes, Locomotive,
Pillar, Transfer, Wrecking:

Industrial Works.
Electrical Appliances:

Northern Electric Co., Ltd.
Electrical Instruments:

Instruments, Ltd.
Electrical Supplies:

Northern Electric Co., Ltd.
Elevator Safety Gates:

Turnbull Elevator Co., Ltd.
Elevators, Freight:

Turnbull Elevator Co., Ltd.
Elevators, Passenger:

Turnbull Elevator Co., Ltd.
Elevators, Push Botton:

Turnbull Elevator Co., Ltd.
Enamels, Acid & Fume Resisting:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Enamels, Industrial Lighting:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Engines, Gas and OH:

Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co.,
Ltd.
Engines, Steam:

Babcock-Wilcox & Goldie-

McCulloch Co., Ltd.

Laurie and Lamb.

E. Leonard & Sons. Ltd.
Excavators:

Engineering & Machine Works
of Canada, Ltd.
Excavators, Dragline:

Koehring Co., of Canada, Ltd.
Exhaust Steam Injectors, Loco-
motive:

Superheater Co., Ltd.
Expanded Metal:

Pedlar People Ltd.

Fan Engine Regulators:

Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Feed-Water Heaters, Locomotive:

Superheater Co., Ltd.
Fence Posts, Steel:

Burlington Steel Co., Ltd.
Fibre, Hard Vulcanized:

Diamond State Fibre Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Fillers, Wood and Metal:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Filters, Air:

Midwest Canada, Ltd.
Fire Alarm Apparatus:

Northern Electric Co., Ltd.
Flreproofing, Hollow Tile:

Interlocking Tile Co., Ltd.
Fish Paper:

Diamond State Fibre Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Floortyle:

Pedlar People, Ltd.
Forglngs:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd

Dominion Bridge Co., Ltd.

The advertiser is ready to give full information.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

BURLINGTON STEEL

COMPANY, LIMITED

HAMILTON CANADA

Toughness

A material which possesses toughness is defined
by Webster as one possessing flexibility without
brittleness; capability of resisting great strain or
severe abuse; strength. The enormous strain
which railroad rails receive in track service is
ample proof that they possess toughness to a very
high degree. They withstand, unprotected, the
pounding of heavy equipment, whereas the rein-
forcing bars rolled from these rails are imbedded
in concrete and although constantly stressed they
are not directly subjected
to shock and impact. The
logical conclusion, there-
fore, is that rail steel
having proved its ability
to withstand abuse as a
rail, unprotected by any
surrounding medium,
possesses the quality of
toughness and that this
same steel rolled into
reinforcing bars, the
additional heating and roll-
ing of which still further
improves the steel, also
possesses toughness. Then,
when the barsareimbedded

RAIL STEEL

55.CONCRETI
REIWORCING

-=qp=-

Send for This

Valuable Book — FREE

The first and only author-
itative and comprehensive
treatise on concrete Rein-
forcing Bars and containing
most importan t informal ion
on the manufacture, qual-
ities, and use of Rail Steel
Bars.

in concrete they possess resistance to stress far in
excess of any demands that will ever be made
upon them as a concrete reinforcement.

In 1917, Professor Talbot, of the University of
Illinois, conducted a series of tests on the Western
Newspaper Union Building which was being
wrecked for the new Union Passenger Station.
This building was nine years old and of the flat
slab type reinforced throughout with rail steel
reinforcing. After various loadings which failed
to exceed the elastic limit of any of the bars, a
weight of about 1600 lbs. was dropped on the floor,
above the column capital of the floor below, until
the capital and the slab had been entirely shattered.
This same method was followed on the floor slabs
between columns until the bars were entirely
exposed. The bars where then cut out with an
acetylene flame. It should be noted that after
this severe abuse the bars had to be cut — they did
not break under the terrific impact of the weight,
which is conclusive proof that Rail Steel Bars
possess excess tougliness as a reinforcing medium
imbedded in concrete.

Specify your reinforcing steel to meet A.S.T.M.
Specifications A-16-14 or Canadian Engineering
Standards Association A-9-1923-B.

Showing full floor load of 913 lbs. per square foot

Arrangement and condition of bars around column

Buy your equipment from Journal advertisers.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Purchasers' Classified Directory

Friction Clutches:

Dodge Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Fuel, Oil:

Imperial Oil, Ltd.
Furnaces, Automatic:

Under-Feed Stoker Co , of
Canada. Ltd.

Gantry Cranes:

Industrial Works.
Gasoline:

Imperial Oil, Ltd.
Gauges:

Pratt & Whitney Co., of Canada,
Ltd.
Gear Reductions:

Hamilton Gear & Machine Co
Gears:

Dominion Engineering Works
Ltd.

Hamilton Gear 4 Machine Co

Link-Belt, Ltd.
Gears, Machine Cut:

Jones and Glassco.Regd
Gears, Silent, Waterproof:

Diamond State Fibre Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Gears, Double Helical:

De Laval Steam Turbine Co.
Generators:

Canadian General Electric Co.,
Ltd.

Canadian Westinghouse Co. Ltd.
Grab Buckets:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.,
Ltd.
Ground Joints Unions:

Dart Union Co., Ltd.

Hammer, Steam:

Industrial Works.
Hangers:

Dodge Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Heaters, Boiler Feed-Water:

Babcock-Wileox & Goldie-

McCulloch Co., Ltd.
Heating Material:

Crane Ltd.
Hoisting Engines:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.,
Ltd.

F. II. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.

Mussens Ltd.
Hoists, Electric:

Hydro Salvage Syndicate.

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.
Hoists, Hydraulic:

Turnbull Elevator Co., Ltd.
Hoists, Mono-Rail:

Taylor Stoker Co.. Ltd.
Hydraulic Press Control Systems:

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.

Industrial Electric Control:

Canadian General Electric Co.,

Ltd.
Dominion Engineering Agency,
Ltd.
Insulated Rail Joints, Continuous
Rail Joint Co., of Canada, Ltd.
Insulating Compounds:

Dominion Tar & Chemical Co.,
Ltd.
Insulation, Fibre and Celoron:
Diamond State Fibre Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Insulators, Porcelain:

Dominion Insulator & Mfg., Co.
Ltd.

Joints, Filler Paving:

Barrett Co., Ltd.

Kerosene:

Imperial Oil Ltd.

Leaders, Pile Drivers:

Industrial Works.
Lightning Arrestors:

Canadian General E[ectric Co.,

Ltd.
Dominion Engineering Agency
Ltd.
Lighting Equipment, Industrial
and Street:

Canadian General Electric Co.,
Ltd.
Locomotives:

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.
Mussens Ltd.
Locomotive Cranes:
Industrial Works.

Locomotives, Electric:

Canadian General Electric Co.,

Ltd.
Canadian WestinghouseCo.,Ltd.
Hydro Salvage Syndicate.
Lubricating Oils & Greases:
Imperial Oil Ltd.

M
Machinery:

Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co.,

Ltd.
Hydro Salvage Syndicate.
Charles Walmsley & Co.,
(Canada), Ltd.
Machinery, Special:

Dominion Engineering Works,
Ltd.
Marine-Machinery :

William Kennedy & Sons, Ltd.
Material Handling Plants:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.,
Ltd.
Measuring Tapes:

Lufkin Rule Co., of Canada, ltd.
Merchant Bars:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.
Metal Lath:

Pedlar People, Ltd.
Trussed Concrete Steel Co. of
Canada, Ltd.
Milling Cutters:

Pratt & Whitney Co., of Canada,
Ltd.
Mining Machinery:

William Kennedy & Sons. Ltd.
Motors:

Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co.

Ltd.
Dominion Engineering Agency
Ltd.
Motor Cars:

Ford Motor Co., of Canada, Ltd.
Motors, Electric:

Canadian General Electric Co.,

Ltd.
Canadian Westinghouse Co. Ltd.
Motor Oils:

Imperial Oil Ltd.
Motor Trucks:

Ford Motor Co., of Canada, Ltd.

N
Nails:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.

OH Burning Equipment:

Combustion Engineering Corp.,
Ltd.
OH Purifiers, Centrifugal:

De Laval Steam Turbine Co.

Packing:

Dunlop Tire & Rubber Goods,
Co., Ltd.
Paints, Acid Resisting:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Paints, Anti-Corrosive:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Paints, Concrete:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Paints, Damp-proof:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Paints. Graphite:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Paints, Machinery:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Paints, Metal Protectives:

Barrett Co., Ltd

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Paper Mill Machinery:

Dominion Engineering Works,
Ltd.

Charles Walmsley & Co.,
(Canada), Ltd.
Paving and Paving Materials:

Dominion Tar & Chemical Co.,
Ltd.
Penstocks:

Engineering & Machine Works
of Canada, Ltd.

Horton Steel Works, Ltd.
Pile Drivers:

Industrial Works.
Pinions:

Hamilton Gear & Machine Co.
Pipe Colls:

Superheater Co , Ltd.
Pipe, Concrete:

Canada Lock Joint Pipe, Ltd.

Jno. E. Russell Co., Ltd.
Pipe Couplings, Union

Dart Union Co., Ltd
Pipe Fittings:

Crane Ltd.
Pipe, Lead:

8teel Co. of Canada, Ltd.

Pipe Lines:

Canada Lock Joint Pipe, Ltd.
Pipe, Lock Joint:

Canada Lock Joint Pipe, Ltd.
Pipes, Cast Iron:

Canada Iron Foundries, Ltd.

Gartshore-Thomson Pipe and
Foundry Co., Ltd.

General Supply Co., of Canada
Ltd.

National Iron Corp., Ltd.
Pipe Lock Bar:

General Supply Co., of Canada,
Ltd.
Pipes, Reinforced Concrete:

Canada Lock Joint Pipe, Ltd.
Pipes, Wrought Iron:

Crane Ltd.
Pitch:

Dominion Tar & Chemical Co.,
Ltd.
Plates, Brass and Copper:

Openshaw & Bennett, Ltd.
Plates, Steel:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.

Hamilton Bridge Works Co.,Ltd.

Vulcan Iron Works, Ltd.
Plumbing Material:

Crane Ltd.
Posts, Indicator:

Jenkins Bros., Ltd.
Porcelain, Insulators:

Dominion Insulator & Mfg. Co.,
Ltd:
Power Apparatus :

Northern Electric Co., Ltd
Power Plant Equipment:

Instruments, Ltd.
Propellor Wheels:

Wm. Kennedy & Sons, Ltd
Publishers:

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Renouf Publishing Co.
Pulleys:

Canadian S.K.F. Co., Ltd.

Dodge Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Pulleys, Fibre:

Diamond State Fibre Co. of
Canada, Ltd.
Pulp Grinders:

Engineering & Machine Works
of Canada, Ltd.

Charles Walmsley & Co.,
(Canada), Ltd.
Pulp Mill Deckers:

Engineering & Machine Works
of Canada, Ltd.
Pulp Mill Machinery:

Waterous Engine Works Co., Ltd.

William Hamilton Co., Ltd.

Pulp wood Machinery:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.,

Ltd.
Charles Walmsley & Co.,
(Canada), Ltd.
Pulverized Fuel Systems:

Combustion Engineering Corp.,

Ltd.
Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Pump Governors:

Under- Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Pump Valves:

Jenkins Bros., Ltd.
Pumps:

Canadian Fairbanks Morse Co.

Ltd.
Dominion Engineering Works,

Ltd.
General Supply Co., of Canada,

Ltd.
Charles Walmsley & Co.,
(Canada), Ltd.
Pumps and Condensers.
Babcock-Wilcox & Goldie-

McCulloch Co., Ltd.
Pumps, Centrifugal:

De Laval Steam Turbine Co.
Laurie & Lamb.
Pumps, Hydraulic:

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.
Pumps Oil,

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd

Radiator Valves:

Jenkins Bros., Ltd.
Radio Receiving Sets:

Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co.

of Canada, Ltd.
Northern Electric Co., Ltd.
Rail Bonds:

Dominion Insulator & Mfg., Co
Ltd.
Rail Joints:

Rail Joint Co., of Canada, Ltd

Rail Saw (Portable) :

Industrial Works.
Rails:

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.
Railroad Spikes:

Steel Co., of Canada, Ltd.
Railway Ties:

Canadian Tie & Lumber Co.,
Ltd.
Railway Equipment:

Canadian General Electric Co.,
Ltd.
Rawhide Pinions:

Hamilton Gear & Machine Co.
Raw! pi lifts:

Dominion Engineering Agency
Ltd.
Reamers :

Pratt & Whitney Co., of Canada,
Ltd.
Receptacles, Fibre:

Diamond State Fibre Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Recording Instruments:

Combustion Engineering Corp.,
Ltd.
Refrigerating Machinery:

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.
Reinforcing Steel:

Burlington Steel Co., Ltd.

Trussed Concrete Steel Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Reservoir Fittings:

Guest & Chrimes, Ltd.
Rivets:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.
Road Materials:

Dominion Tar & Chemical Co.,
Ltd.
Road Oils & Preservatives:

Barrett Co., Ltd.
Road Rollers:

Dominion Insulator & Mfg. Co.,
Ltd.
Road Tar:

Dominion Tar & Chemical Co.
Ltd.
Roofing Cement:

Dominion Tar & Chemical Co.,
Ltd.
Roofing Material:

Dominion Tar & Chemical Co.,
Ltd.
Roofings, Metal:

Pedlar People Ltd.
Roofing, Prepared:

Barrett Co., Ltd.
Rolling Mill Rolls:

Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd.
Roofs. Built up. Felt & Pitch:

Barrett Co., Ltd.
Rope Wheel:

Dodge Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Rope, Wire:

Dominion Wire Rope Co., Ltd.
Rubber Goods, Mechanical:

Dunlop Tire & Rubber Goods
Co., Ltd.

Jenkins Bros., Ltd.
Rules Steel and Wood:

Lufkin Rule Co., of Canada, Ltd

Safes:

Goldie & McCulloch Co.. Ltd.
Sash, Steel:

Canadian Metal Window &
Steel Products, Ltd.

Trussed Concrete Steel Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Sawmill Machinery:

Waterous Engine Works Co., Ltd.

William Hamilton Co., Ltd.
Scales:

Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co.,
Ltd.
Screening Equipment:

Link-Belt. Ltd.

Charles Walmsley & Co.,
(Canada), Ltd.
Sewer Pipe:

Canada Lock Joint Pipe, Ltd

Jno. E. Russell Co., Ltd.
Shaftings:

Dodge Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shafting, Anchorage:

Midwest Canada, Ltd.
Sheets:

Steel Co., of Canada Ltd.
Sheating:

Barrett Co., Ltd.
Shingles, Prepared Asphalt:

Barrett Co.. Ltd.
Skip Hoists:

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co.
Ltd.
Smoke Stacks:

Engineering & Machine Worki

of Canada, Ltd.

Remember The Journal when buying apparatus.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE PRODUCTS OF

Guest & Chrimes Limited

ROTHERHAM (Eng).

WATERWORKS CONSTRUCTIONAL ARTICLES

Siemen's and Adamson's "Turbine"— WATER METERS

Sizes H"— 18"

VALVES for Water, Gas and Sewage.

Bateman and Moore's AIR VALVES.

RESERVOIR FITTINGS

Standplpes, Draw-Off Valves, Filter Valves, etc.

PENSTOCKS, WATER LEVEL RECORDERS, FLAP VALVES,

PRESSURE GAUGES, TESTING APPARATUS.

Canadian and U. S. Representatives •

703 Federal Bid*.. BRITISH" AMERICAN FUEL & METALS Telephones

LIMITED

TORONTO

Adelaide 6958-9 Turbine Water Metei — X to lH inches

Office and Factory 160 River St.Toronto, Montreal Office 169 Peel St.

R. R. Power, Royal Bank

Chambers, Halifax, N.S.

Gandy & Allison, St. John, N.B.

W. J. Banks, 103 St. John St.,

Quebec

AGENCIES:

MacFarlane-Douglas Co. Ltd.,
250 Slater Street, Ottawa

R. Y. Kilvert & Co.,
145 Market Arc, Winnipeg

JehestrcL

The name of*
the ORIGINAL steel
WindoWall.

The symbol of
superior QUALITY
in material, patented
design, workmanship
and service.

A. L. Charlebois, Avenue J and

20th Street, Saskatoon

Gormans, Limited, Edmonton

and Calgary

T. M. Grindley & Co.,

1158 Homer St., Vancouver

Associate Companies

$fWm Cramp &Sons
Ship and Engine
BuildingCo.-
7/fePeltonWater
Wheel Co.

The advertiser is ready to give full information.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

Purchasers' Classified Directory

Smoke Stacks:

Horton Steel Works, Ltd.
Sodas:

Nichols Chemical Co., Ltd,
Speed Reducers, Gear:

Hamilton Gear & Machine, Co.
Sprinkler Tanks:

Horton Steel Works, Ltd.
Steel Head Frames:

Hamilton Bridge WorksCo., Ltd.
Steam Heating Specialties:

C. A. Dunham Co., Ltd.
Steam Shovels,

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.

Mussens, Ltd.
Steam Traps:

C. A. Dunham Co.. Ltd
Steel Plate Construction:

Horton Steel Works, Ltd.
Steel Ralls:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.
Stokers:

Combustion Engineering Corp.,
Ltd.

Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.

Waterous Engine WorksCo., Ltd
Stokers. Side-feed:

Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Stokers, Under-feed:

Combustion Engineering Corp.,
Ltd.

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.

Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Stone Crushers:

General Supply Co., of Canada,
Ltd.
Structural Steel:

Algoma Steel Corporation, Ltd.

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.

Canadian Bridge Co., Ltd.

Canadian Des Moines Steel Co.,
Ltd.

Hamilton Bridge Works Co., Ltd

Standard Steel Constrn.Co., Ltd.

Vulcan Iron Works, Ltd.

Superheaters:

General Supply Co., of Canada,
Ltd.

Superheater Co., Ltd.
Surveying Instruments:

Instruments, Limited.

J. Frank Raw Co., Ltd.
Switchboards, Power Lighting:

Canadian General Electric Co.,
Ltd.

Tanks, Cylindrical:

Horton Steel Works, Ltd.
Tanks, Oil:

Horton Steel Works, Ltd.
Tanks, Steel:

Engineering & Machine Works

of Canada, Ltd.
Horton Steel Works, Ltd,
E. Leonard & Sons, Ltd.
Taps:

Pratt & Whitney Co., of Canada,
Ltd.
Tar:

Barrett Co., Ltd.
Tile, Hollow Building:

Interlocking Tile Co., Ltd.
Tools, Small:

Pratt & Whitney Co., of Canada,
Ltd.

E. Leonard & Sons, Ltd.
Tools, Wrecking:

Industrial Works.
Touring Cars:

Ford Motor Co., of Canada, Ltd.
Tractors:

Ford Morot Co., of Canada, Ltd.

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.
Transfer Tables:

Industrial Works.
Transformers, Lighting & Power:

Canadian General Electric Co.,
Ltd.
Transmission Machinery:

Dodge Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Trucks:

Ford Motor Co., of Canada, Ltd.

Turbines:

General Supply Co., of Canada,
Ltd.

Underfeed Stokers:

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.

Union Pipe Couplings:
Dart Union Co., Ltd.

Varnishes, Add Resisting:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Varnishes, Insulating:

Dominion Paint Works, Ltd.
Valves:

Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co.,

Ltd.
Crane Limited.
C. A. Dunham Co., Ltd.
Dominion Engineering Works,

Ltd.
Guest & Chrimes, Ltd.
Jenkins Bros., Ltd.
Kerr Engine Co.. Ltd.
Valves, Automatic Cut-off:
Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Valves, Regulating:

Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Valves, Relief:

Under-Feed Stoker Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Venturl Meters:

General Supply Co., of Canada,
Ltd.

Washers, Fibre:

Diamond State Fibre Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Water Meters:

Guest & Chrimes, Ltd.

Neptune Meter Co., Ltd.
Water Pipe:

Canada Lock Joint Pipe Co., Ltd

Waterproofing :

Barrett Co., Ltd.

Dominion Tar & Chemical Co.,
Ltd.
Water Power Plant Machinery:

Wm. Kennedy & Sons, Ltd.
Water Softening Plants:

Laurie & Lamb:
Water Transmission:

Canada Lock Joint ripe, Ltd.
Water Supply, Pipes:

Canada Lock Joint Pipe, Ltd.
Welding Outfits, Electric:

Canadian General Electric Co.,
Ltd.

Canadian Westinghouse Co., Ltd.
Wharf Cranes:

Industrial Works.
Wheels, Fibre:

Diamond State Fibre Co., of
Canada. Ltd.

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co..
Ltd.
Winches:

Taylor Stoker Co., Ltd.
Wire:

British Empire Steel Corp., Ltd.

Steel Co., of Canada, Limited.
Wire Mesh:

Trussed Concrete Steel Co., of
Canada, Ltd.
Wire Rope:

Dominion Wire Rope Co., Ltd

F. H. Hopkins & Co., Ltd.
Wires and Cables:

Northern Electric Co., Ltd.
Wood Grapples:

Industrial Works.
Wood Preservations:

Barrett Co., Ltd.

Dominion Tar & Chemical Co.
Ltd.
Worm Gear:

Hamilton Gear 4 Machine Co.
Wrecking Cranes:

Industrial Works.
Wrecking Tools:

Industrial Works.

STANDARD PAVING, LTD.

Head Office: Central Chambers

OTTAWA

CANADA

The Largest and Best Equipped Paving and
Road Building Organization in Canada

Branches:

COBOURG, Ont. ELMIRA, Ont. KITCHENER, Ont. NAPANEE, Ont. OSHAWA, Ont.

BUFFALO, N. Y. BELLEVILLE, Ont. GALT, Ont. ST. THOMAS, Ont. NIAGARA FALLS, Ont.
TRENTON, Ont. STRATFORD, Ont.

When buying consult first Journal advertisers.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Their

Mark-

77?e Peirce

is made in
Canada only by

N. Slater Co.
Limited.

The marks of
both are stamp-
ed on the metal
before hot-dip
galvanizing
by the Slater
process.

ASK YOUR
JOBBER

'Sh^'Peirce

N. SLATER Co., Limited

HAMILTON, Canada.

Install the Tank With
the Most Advantages

HE steel tank provides the only
safe source of water supply for
fire protection purposes.

A tank that may burn reduces
by a considerable margin the
degree of safety inherent in a fire
protection system. A tank that
may burst due to deteriorated
hoops or rotted staves may put
a sprinkler system out of service
at the critical moment of fire against which a fire
protection system may have been maintained for
years. A tank which leaks results in a continual
expense and may reduce the available water storage
at critical times.

To all of these difficulties in the way of reliable
fire protection, the Horton steel tank is the logical
solution.

The Horton steel tank cannot burn; it cannot rot;
it is scientifically designed with proper factors of
safety to prevent any chance of failure; it will not
leak; and it provides a dependable supply of water
depending on the force of gravity alone to make it
instantly available in case of fire.

HORTON STEEL WORKS Ltd.

BRIDGEBURG, ONT.
156 Janet Street

MONTREAL, QUE.
1016 Bank of Toronto Bldg.

243

BALL BEARINGS OF FINE QUALITY

Rudge-Whitworth"

MADE IN ENGLAND

Bearings for

ENGINEERING SERVICE.

Single Row Radial.

Double Row Radial.

Self Aligning Plumber Blocks.

Self Aligning ShaftHangers.
Thrust Bearings.

Steel Balls.

Stocks Carried in Montreal

Canadian Representatives:

Openshaw & Bennet Ltd.

416 Phillips Place — Montreal.

Bank of Hamilton

Office Building
Winnipeg, Man.,

Dunham Equipped

Erected 1916

Architect :

J. D. Atchison.

Heating Contractors:
Cotter Bros., Ltd.

Approximately 300 Dunham
Radiator Traps.

The owners and ten-
ants of this building
have been served with
dependable, economical
and efficient heating,
since the erection of
this splendid edifice.

May~ we consult ■with
you?

C. A. DUNHAM CO., LTD.

TORONTO, ONTARIO.

HALIFAX, VANCOUVER, WINNIPEG, OTTAWA,

MONTREAL, CALGARY.

LONDON, Ens.: 18 St. Thomas St., S.E. 1.

Mention The Journal when dealing]with advertisers.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

January, 1924

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS

Page

Algoma Steel Corporation Limited (Inside Back Cover)

American Lead Pencil Company 29

British Empire Steel Corporation, Limited 16

Budden. Hanbury A ■ 45

Burlington Steel Corporation, Limited o9

Burnett, J. A 45

Babcock-Wilcox A Goldie-McCulloch Co., Ltd

Barber and Associates Limited, Frank

Barrett Company, Limited

Beaubien, Busfield and Company

Bertram & Sons, Co., Ltd., The John

Bickerdike Jr., R • ; • •.• •;

Boving Hydraulic A Engineering Company Limited
British-American Fuel and Metals, Ltd

Canada Cement Company Limited

Canada Iron Foundries, Ltd. ._

Canada Lock Joint Pipe, Limited

Canadian Bridge Company, Limited, The

Canadian Des Moines Steel Co., Limited

Canadian Fairbanks Morse Co., Limited

Canadian General Electric Co., Limited

Canadian Inspection A Testing Co., Limited

Canadian Mead-Morrison Co., Ltd

Canadian Metal Window A Steel Products Limited.

Canadian Steel Foundries Limited

Canadian Tie and Lumber Co., Limited

Cape & Co., E. G. M

Coghlin Co., Limited, B. J

Combe. F. A

Combustion Engineering Corporation, Limited

Crane Limited

5
34
29
22
29
25
19
45

9
41
28
36
27
33
45

4
11

Dart Union Company Limited 35

De Laval Steam Turbine Co ;••.••; %%

Dodge Manufacturing Company, Limited 26

Dominion Bridge Co., Limited. . ....••.- oa

Dominion Engineering Agency Limited

Dominion Engineering A Inspection Company

Dominion Engineering Works, Limited

Dominion Oxygen Co., Limited.

Dominion Paint Works, Limited

Dominion Wire Rope Co.

Dunham, Company Ltd., C. A

Ewing A Tremblay.

Fetherstonhaugh A Co

Francis A Company, Walter J.

45
45

Garthshore-Thomson Pipe A Foundry Ltd., The 35

General Supply Company of Canada, Ltd., The 15

Grant. Holden and Graham. Ltd 27

Griswold A Co., Ltd 33

G & W. Electric Specialty Company iS

Hamilton Bridge Works Company, Limited, The.

Hersey Company Ltd., Milton. . ■■■■■

Hopkins and Company Limited, F. H

Horton Steel Woiks Ltd. . . „ . , ,.

Hughson A Sons, Limited, W. C

Hunt & Co.. Limited, Robert W

Hydro Salvage Syndicate

13
36
24
43
45
29
31

Page

Imperial Oil Limited (Outside Back Cover)

Industrial Works 20

Irving Iron Works Company 31

James, Prootor A Redfern, Limited.

Jenkins Bros., Limited

Jones A Glassco Reg'd

Kennedy A Sons, Limited, The Wm .

Kerr Engine Co., Limited, The

Kerry A Chace, Limited

Laurie A Lamb

Lea. R. S. A W. S

Leahey A Company Ltd., E. O

Leonard A Sons, Ltd., E

Lufkin Rule Co., of Canada, Limited, The.

MacDonald, Company Limited, The Randolph.

MacKinnon Steel Co., Limited

Marks and Clerk

McDougall, Pease A Friedman

Metcalf Co., Limited, John S

Midwest Canada Ltd

Mohawk Sand A Gravel Co., Ltd

Montreal Blue Print Co

M ussens Limited

National Iron Corporation Limited

Neptune Meter Co., Ltd

Nesbitt, Thomson A Company, Limited . . .

Newill, George E

Nichols Chemical Company, Limited, The.

Nicholson Limited, J. B

Northern Electrio Company, Limited

Openshaw A Bennet, Limited.

Potter, Alexander

Powley H. S. A Company,

Quebec, Province of, ( Water Power) .

Rail Joint Company of Canada, Ltd., The.

Raw Company, Limited, J. F

Robertson, J. M., Limited

Ross A Co., R. A

Russell Co., Limited, Jno. E

Slater Co. Ltd. N

Standard Paving, Ltd

Standard Steel Construction Co., Limited.

Strauss Bascule Bridge Company

Superheater Company, Limited, The

Taylor Stoker Company, Ltd

Trussed Concrete Steel Company of Canada Limited.

Under-Feed Stoker Co., of Canada, Ltd .

Vulcan Iron Works, Limited, The.

45
27
35

25
33
45

22
45
12
30
34

33
36
45
45
45
37
36
45
17

30
37
32
45
44
45
8

45
35

30
32
45
45

43
42
35
36
25

46
14

Walmsley A Co. (Canada), Ltd., Charles (Inside Front Cover)

Wilson, Alexander 45

Wynne- Roberts and Son, R. O 45

Long- Wearing Dustless

— Concrete Floors

HARD-N-TYTE will prevent fJ ARD-N-TYTE specif ica-
wear and dusting on tion floors carry a bond-
concrete floors. ed guarantee against wear
Easily applied and inexpensive. and dusting for five years.

The Nichols Chemical Company, Limited,

Offices: MONTREAL and TORONTO

Firms advertising in The Journal are considered as absolutely reputable.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

PROFESSIONAL CARDS

Geo. K. McDougall, B.Sc., M.E.I.C.

E. Raymond Pease, B.A., B.Sc, A.M.E.I.C.

Ferdinand J. Fkiedman, B.Sc, A.M.E.I.C.

McDougall, Pease & Friedman

CONSULTING ENGINEERS

Hydro-Electric Developments, Transmis-
sion Lines, Power Stations, Steam Plants,
Heating, Plumbing, Ventilation, Refrigera-
tion, Sanitation, Illuminating Engineer-
ing, Industrial Engineering, Machinery
Layouts, Power Contracts, Reports.

85 Osborne Street "Telephone"

MONTREAL, Canada. Up. 5628

R. A. ROSS & CO..

Consulting Engineers

Power, Steam, Hydraulic, Electrical,
Waterworks, Tramways, Industrial.

Marcil Building, 288 St. James St.,
MONTREAL

J. M. ROBERTSON

LIMITED

Consulting Mechanical and

Electrical Engineer

625 Corlstine Building MONTREAL

James Ewing Altheod Tremblay

EWING & TREMBLAY

Engineers and Surveyors

TOWN PLANNING

Industrial, Municipal and Suburban

Development, Sub-divisions.

14 Philips Square Montreal

JOHN S.METCALF CO., Limited

Designing and Constructing Engineers

GRAIN ELEVATORS

54 St. Francois Xavier Street, Montreal, Que.

837 West Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C.

108 South La Salle Street, Chicago, 111.

395 Collins St., Melbourne, Australia.

R. BlCKERDIKE JR.

CONSULTING ENGINEER

164 St. James St.

Telephone Main 1767 MONTREAL

Alexander Wilson, a.m.e.i.c.

CONSULTING AND SUPERVISING ENGINEER

Reports, Estimates, Valuation, Power Develop-
ment and Transmission, Industrial Plants,
Illumination, Heating, Ventilating.
Room 614 New Birks Building.
MONTREAL, Que.

PHONE UP 2183 P.O. BOX 3064

FRANK BARBER AND ASSOCIATES Ltd.

Consulting Engineers
Surveyors and Architects.
Bridges, Structures & Reinforced Concrete.
Water and Sewerage Works.
Town Planning and Surveying.
Roadways and Municipal Work.
Arenas Public Buildings and Schools.
45 Jarvis Street, Union Bank Bldg.,

Toronto, Ont. Dunneville, Ont.

H. M. HUGHSON. M.C.S.F.E.

HON. GERALD V. WHITE PHONE QUEEN 1 52

J. W. HUGHSON. M E..A.M.E I.C.

W. C. HUGHSON and SONS, Limited

Investigating Engineers

TIMBER EXPERTS
HOPE CHAMBERS

OTTAWA

J. B. NICHOLSON LIMITED

CIVIL ENGINEERS & CONTRACTORS

COAL ELEVATORS

Complete Coal Plants

Design & Construction of all types
Coal Handling Equipment.

EXCELSIOR LIFE BLDG.,

TORONTO, ONT.

R. S. & W. S. LEA

Consulting Engineers

Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage: Water

Purification: Disposal of Sewage and Refuse:

Water Power Developments and Power

Plants. Reports, Designs, Super- jgif

vision of Construction.

340 University St.,
MONTREAL, QUE.

Telephone,
UPTOWN 783.

GEORGE E. NEWILL

M.E.I.C. MEM.AM.SOC.M.E.. M.I.MECH.E.

Consulting Engineer

Design. Operation & Supervision of

Steam Power Plants.

Reports, Tests and Inspections,

Industrial and Mechanical Problems.

Appraisals & Fire Loss Adjustments

189 St. James St.,
MONTREAL

Telephone:
MAIN 450

PATENTS.TR ade-m arks,

SEARCHES. VALIDITY REPORTS. LITIGATION.
APPLICATIONS IN ALL COUNTRIES,

HANBURY A. BUDDEN

ADVOCATE. RES'D U. S. PAT. ATTY.

DONALD H. MACFARLANE, B.Sc.

associate

712 Drummond Bldg. Montreal

DOMINION ENGINEERING
& INSPECTION COMPANY

Engineers and Chemists,
320 Lagauchetiere St. W., Montreal, Que.

Inspectioo and Testing,
Chemical Analyses, Appraisals and Reports

Branches: Toronto and Winnipeg.

CANADIAN INSPECTION &
TESTINO CO. LIMITED

Toronto Office:
100 JARVIS STREET.

Montreal Office:
405-406 SHAUGHNESSY BUILDING.

209 Beaver Hall Hill
MONTREAL

Phone
PLATEAU 3835

MONTREAL BLUE PRINT CO.

Photo reductions from Plans, Blue Prints,

Etc., Etc.

BLUE PRINTING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES,

DRAUGHTING, ETC.

t Canadian and Foreign Patents
and Trade Marks

MARKS & CLERK

128 Wellington St. Ottawa, Ont.

Head Office: London, England.
Principals: Sir G. C. Marks, Sir Dugald
Clerk, Edward C. R. Marks, Matthew A.
Adam.

Walter J. Francis, C.E. F. B. Brown, M.Sc,

M.E.I.C. ME. I.C.

M.Am.Soc.C.E., Mem.Am.Soc.M.E.

M.Inst.C.E. Mem.A.LE.E.

Walter J. Francis & Company

Consulting Engineers

Head Office: 260 St. James St., Montreal

Cable Address:
"Walfran, Montreal." W.U. Code.
Long Distance Telephone: Main 5643.

J. A. BURNETT,

M.E.I.C, P.E.Q.

Consulting & Appraisal Engineer

Room 301—205 St. James St.
Telephone Main 2231. Montreal.

BEAUBIEN, BUSFIELD

& COMPANY

CONSULTING ENGINEERS

2 PLACE D'ARMES, MONTREAL
De Gaspe Beaubien J. L. Busfield

ALEXANDER POTTER. C. E.

Consulting Engineer
Hydraulics, Sanitation,

Reports and Appraisals.
Hudson Terminal Building.
50 CHURCH ST., - NEW YORK

James, Proctor & Redfern

LIMITED

CONSULTING ENGINEERS

36 Toronto Street - TORONTO, CAN.

Water Supply and Purification; Sewerage
Systems; Municipal and Trade Waste Disposal
Plant; Incinerators; Pavements; Bridges and
Structural work, including Reinforced Concrete
and Architectural Engineering. Tel. M. 8101

M.E.I.C. Tel. Plateau 3869

Mem. Am. Soc. M. E.

F. A. COMBE

Consulting Combustion and
Steam Engineer

Power Plant Design and Operation, Fuels,

Utilization of Waste Heat and Steam,

Heating and Ventilating, etc.

128 BLEURY ST. - MONTREAL

PATENTS and TRADE- MARKS

FETHERSTONHAUGH & CO.

Patent Solicitors

The old established firm.

Patents and Trade-Marks Everywhere.

Head O ffice: Royal Bank Bldg., TORONTO

Ottawa Office: S Elgin St.
Offices throughout Canada. Booklet free.

President :
Associates:

J. G. G. KERtiT
A. L. Mudge, H. R. McCltmont

KERRY&CHACE, LIMITED

ENGINEERS

Hydro-Electric & Steam Power Developments

Steam & Electric Railways
Pulp & Paper Mills Industrial Engineering

Confederation Life Bldg. TORONTO

R. O.WYNNE- ROBERTS & SON

Municipal and General Engineering
Reports— Plans— Appraisals — Arbitrations

88 Church St.
TORONTO

Telephone
Main 2657

Don't fail to mention The Journal when writing advertisers.

46 THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL January, 1924

In paper mills, for instance

The

Jaylorftoker

"The Pioneer Underfeed Stoker
— and still leading"

is delivering that sure-fire reliability which the paper industry
demands — which every industry demands, in fact. But read
what they say about the TAYLOR in the paper field :

"We bought the TAYLOR because we investigated all types,"
says the Chief Engineer at the Oxford Paper Company, Rum-
ford Falls, Me. "I'll tell you — here's the test of a combustion
system : is it reliable ? That's where the TAYLOR wins. Look
at that firing aisle — it's been that way every minute since
installation, no excitement, no dirt, no worry — regardless of
weather conditions or conditions on the mill. And believe
me our load jerks like a wagon on a corduroy road."

It is typical TAYLOR enthusiasm.

Ask such concerns as the American Box Board Co., Bare Paper
Co., Bathurst Lumber Co. Ltd., Champion Coated Paper Co.,
Cherry River Paper Co., Colin-Gardner Paper Co., Detroit
Sulphite Pulp & Paper Co., Fletcher Paper Co., Fort Wayne
Corrugated Paper Co., Great Northern Paper Co., Miami Paper
Co., Riordon Paper Co., St. Croix Paper Co., Union Bag & Paper
Co., Wardlow-Thomas Paper Co., for their opinion of the
TAYLOR STOKER.

The TAYLOR is winning in the paper-mill field triumphs
like those it has won in the other great American industries.
Lower operating costs, increased output, flexibilty, RELIA-
BILITY — these are the reasons.

There are facts and figures of the greatest interest in
our FACTS - BOOK. ' 'A re Mechanical Stokers a Good
Investment" is the title of this book. It is attracting
much favorable comment because of its straight-from-
the-shoulder terseness, and the solidity of its facts and
figures. Read it — you will be interested. We will be
glad to send you a copy at your request.

THE TAYLOR STOKER COMPANY, LTD.

TORONTO, ONTARIO

Principal Sales Office : 416 Phillips Place, Montreal, Que.

Consider the advertiser, his course is that of wisdom.

The Algoma Steel Corporation

LIMITED

announce to their customers
and the Canadian trade that
they can supply American
Standard Sections of BEAMS
and CHANNELS up to and
including 15", all standard
sections of ANGLES from
6" x 6" down to 1M"» ZEE
BARS for car builders and
general purposes; small and
large ROUNDS, SQUARE and
FLAT BARS. The quality
of the product is already
well known to the trade,
and is exclusively steel
made by the Open Hearth
process, and can be furnished
in all grades from the softest
rivet stock to high carbon
special spring material.

Order from us and you will
get both quality and prompt
service. A trial is convinc-
ing.

***

Our extensive warehouse
facilities ensure prompt
delivery.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

Open Hearth -Alloy Steels

Chrome-Vanadium,

Chrome-Nickel,

Nickel-Steel

All of these steels we supply in

Hot Rolled Bars

or Billets.

WE ALSO FURNISH

Blooms, Bille

Structural Ste
Merch
Concrete Reinf
**
STEEL RAILS,
quality, all seel
lbs., to 105 lb;

Angle Bars, ]
Continuous Sta

Steel Tie PTates

PIG IRON

Basic, Foundry, Malleable,

Sulphate of Ammonia
Sulphuric Acid Nitre Cake

606 McGill Building, Montreal,

1428 Bank of Hamilton Building, Toronto

SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES:

New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island,

Walter J. Smith, P. O. Box 707, St. John, N. B.
Nova Scotia: F. J. Owen Connolly, The Maritime Trust Building, 91 Hollis St., Halifax, N.S.

When purchasing equipment consider The Journal advertiser.

_ ( 'epared
u« tig at greater le/igii. wiit ^*„a ^jrv-

ing Ottawa Suburban Districts. We shall be
glad to send you a copy on request.

Three years ago the main roads out of Ottawa
were in the hands of toll companies and were in
bad condition. The Ottawa Suburban Area
Roads Commission was then formed, and an
active road improvement programme has since
been maintained, both by the Commission and
the Provincial Government.

The general plan has been to built first as many
miles as possible of water-bound macadam roads,
to serve the greatest area with the least financial
outlay. These roads were maintained with
bituminous surface treatments until, as traffic
increased, they have been surfaced with Sheet
Asphalt or Penetration Asphalt Macadam,
according to their importance.

Road improvements along these lines are sound,
because all investments are carefully conserved,
and a maximum mileage of first-class roads is
thus obtained at a minimum cost.

Toronto

ROAD ENQINEEMNG DEPARTMENT

Imperial Oil Limited

Canada

THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE JOURNAL OF

THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

OF CANADA

TO FACILITATE THE ACQUIREMENT AND INTERCHANGE
OF PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AMONG ITS MEMBERS,
TO PROMOTE THEIR PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS, TO
ENCOURAGE ORIGINAL RESEARCH, TO DEVELOP AND
MAINTAIN HIGH STANDARDS IN THE ENGINEERING
PROFESSION AND TO ENHANCE THE USEFULNESS
OF THE PROFESSION TO THE PUBUC "

FEBRUARY 1924

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF CANADA

AT 176 MANSFIELD STREET, MONTREAL

Vol. VII No. 2

In paper mills, for instance

The

Jhylorftoker

"The Pioneer Underfeed Stoker
— and still leading"

is delivering that sure-fire reliability which the paper industry
demands — which every industry demands, in fact. But read
what they say about the TAYLOR in the paper field:

"We bought the TAYLOR because we investigated all types,'
says the Chief Engineer at the Oxford Paper Company, Rum-
ford Falls, Me. "I'll tell you — here's the test of a combustion
system : is it reliable ? That ' s where the TAYLOR wins . Look
at that firing aisle — it's been that way every minute since
installation, no excitement, no dirt, no worry — regardless of
weather conditions or conditions in the mill. And believe
me our load jerks like a wagon on a corduroy road."

It is typical TAYLOR enthusiasm.

There are facts and figures of the greatest interest in
our FACTS-BOOK. ''Are Mechanical Stokers a
Good Investment" is the title of this book. It is
attracting much favorable comment because of its
straight-from-the-shoulder terseness, and the solidity
of its facts and figures. Read it — you will be interested.'
We will be glad to send you a copy at your request.

THE TAYLOR STOKER COMPANY, LTD.

TORONTO, ONTARIO

Principal Sales Office : 416 Phillips Place, Montreal, Que.
Write for the advertisers' literature mentioning The Journal.

January, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Merit Keeps Them on the Job,

ON HEAVY tapping like this, P & W Staybolt
Taps show their quality. They bite into the
work with a precision and ease that makes them
favorites with the men who use them.

They are not only good when new, but are heat
treated and seasoned to maintain this goodness.
That's why you'll find them still on the job when
others "just as good" are in the scrap pile.

PRATT & WHITNEY
STAYBOLT TAPS

To meet all your boiler requirements, we built P & W
Staybolt Taps in five standard styles, as well as Spindle
Staybolt Taps with and without threaded end and also
Combined Reamer and Tap to tap continuous hole in
the reamer hole of the far boiler plate.

Our reputation for precision and high quality stands
behind these tools.

Buy them in any of the styles and sizes listed in our
Small Tool catalogue which is yours for the asking.

land, Detroit, St. Louis, Cincin-
nati, Seattle, St. Paul, New
Orleans, San Francisco. 292

PRATT & WHITNEY COMPANY OF CANADA, LIMITED

Works: DUNDAS, Ontario.

MONTREAL
723 Drummond Bldg.

HALIFAX
Roy Building

TORONTO
32 Front St. West

WALKERVILLE

10VA Sandwich St.

WINNIPEG

1205 Mc Arthur Bldg.

VANCOUVER
B. C. Equipment Co.

Men of influence consult Journal advertising.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

No Undue Bearing Wear When

Motors are Bail-Bearing Equipped

PLAIN bearings on motors used for belt
or chain drive are subject to uneven
wear due to the heavy pull of the
belt or chain and to the tendency of the
overhanging load to cause shaft deflec-
tion. As a result the bearing linings are
destroyed and have to be replaced.

In this chain-connected, 75 H. P., 720
R.P.M. induction motor driving the con-
veyor belt in a grain elevator, SKF
marked self-aligning ball bearings are
used to avoid these troubles. This type

of bearing develops no appreciable wear
in service and automatically compensates
for any deflection of the shaft.

The rotor is kept at the proper dis-
tance from the field structure, and since
the bearings operate in sealed housings
there is no danger of burnouts due to
the escape of lubricant.

Let our engineers demonstrate how
ball bearings better the electrical and
mechanical performance of motors.

CANADIAN 5KF COMPANY, LIMITED

TORONTO - MONTREAL!

Normal View

Deflected View

Write for the advertisers' literature mentioning The Journal.

February, 1924 THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Dwight P. Robinson & Company

Incorporated

Engineers and Constructors

COMPLETE SERVICE

in the design ancTconstruction of

Steam Power Plants

Hydro-Electric Developments

Industrial Plants

Railroad Shops

Construct

Office and Apartment
Buildings

Dominion Express Building
montreal

CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA ATLANTA

YOUNGSTOWN

LOS A N.G ELES RIO DE JANEIRO

When purchasing equipment consider The Journal advertiser.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

, KENT'S
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERS-
HANDBOOK

New Books - ENGINEERING BOOKS - New Editions

Published by Wiley During 1923

^0RIN-CH^ NT

TEN, TH EDITI
1923 -

10th Edition, Rewritten from Cover to Cover

KENT'S Mechanical Engineers' Handbook

ROBERT T. KENT, Editor-in-Chief, and 35 Associate Editors of
Recognized Standing in Their Respective Branches of Engineering.

THE NEW 'KENT' presents the very last word in engineering practice — up-to-the-minute methods
throughout. The material is based on actual practice in the industries, and the references given
to supplement the text-matter form a complete bibliography of all that is worth-while in engineering.
In the New 'Kent', in fact, the necessary data are given for the design of practically every commercial
manufactured article.

The New 'Kent' saves valuable time for busy engineers, every day in the year.

2247 pages (over 50% larger than the previous edition), iyi by 7. Fully Illustrated. Genuine leather
binding, $7.00 — "Atholeather" binding, $6.00.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Measurement, Compression and Transmission of Natural Gas.
By Louis C. Lichty.

523 pages. 6 by 9. 311 figures. Cloth $7.50.

Elements of Machine Design. Second Edition.

By Dexter S. Kimball, A.B., M.E., and John H. Barr,

M.S., M.M.E.

446 pages. 6 by 9. 120 figures. Cloth, $4.00.
Design of Steam Boilers and Pressure Vessels. Second Revised

By George B. Haven, S.B., and George W. Swett, S.B.

435 pages. 6 by 9. 20(5 figures, and 2 folding diagrams of
designs. Cloth, $4.00.

Elementary Steam Power Engineering.
By Edgar MacNaughton, M.E.

590 pages. 6 by 9. 468 figures, 44 tables. Cloth, $5.00.
Elements of Engineering Thermodynamics. Second Edition,
Revised. , . . . .

By James A. Moyer, James P. Calderwood, and Andrey A.
Potter.

224 pages. 6 by 9. 75 figures and 1 folding Total Heat Entropy
Diagram. Cloth, $2.50.

Power Plant Machinery. Volume I, Mechanism of Steam
Engines, With Problems. (Second Revised and Enlarged
Edition of 'Mechanism of the Steam Engine'.)
By Walter H. James, S.B., and Myron W. Dole, S.B.

277 pages. 6 by 9. 244 figures, 81 problems. Cloth, $3.00.

Industrial Furnaces.
By W. Trlnks, M.E.

319 pages. 6 by 9. 255 figures. Cloth, $4.50.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Elementary Surveying. (Volume I of 'Principles and Practice
of Surveying'.) Fifth Edition.
By Charles B. Breed and George L. Hosmer.

593 pages. 5 by 7)4. 223 figures. Flexible binding, $4.00.

Sewerage: The Designing, Construction and Maintaining of
Sewerage Systems and Sewage Treatment Plants. Ninth
Edition.
By A. Prescott Folwell.

477 pages. 6 by 9. 80 figures. Cloth, $4.00.

Engineering of Excavation.
By George B. Massey.

376 pages. 6 by 9. 196 figures and 13 folding plates showing
details of hydraulic and dipper dredges. Cloth, $6.00.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Continuous Current Circuits and Machinery.

By John H. Morecroft and Frederick W. Hehre.

467 pages. 6 by 9. 351 figures. Cloth, $4.00.
Stations. Second Edition,

Thoroughly

Hydro-Electric Power
Revised and Reset.
By David B. Rushmore and Eric A. Lof.

830 pages. 6 by 9. 436 figures. Cloth, $7.50.
DRAWING FOR ENGINEERS
Machine Design Drawing Room Problems.
By C. D. Albert, M.E.

320 pages. 6 by 9. 134 figures. Cloth, $3.00.

Engineering Drawing.

By H. H. Jordan, B.S., and R. P. Hoelscher, B.S.

351 pages. 6 by 9. 294 figures and 8 full-page diagrams show-
ing topographical and other symbols. Cloth, $3.00.

MANAGEMENT
Industrial Management.

By Richard H. Lansburgh.

488 pages. 6 by 9. 108 figures. Cloth, $4.50.
FOR ALL ENGINEERS
Financial Engineering. Second Edition, Thoroughly Revised.
By O. B. Goldman.

325 pages. 6 by 9. 54 figures. Cloth, $3.50.

Technical Writing. Second Edition, Rewritten and Enlarged.
By T. A. Rickard.

337 pages. 5 by 7 'A. Cloth, $2.00.

Send the coupon for copies on FREE Examination terms.

Remember, any Wiley book can be obtained on our liberal
Free Examination terms. Fill In the attached coupon and mall
It either to John Wiley & Sons, Inc., or to Renouf Publishing
Company. Do it NOW.

JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc.

440 Fourth Avenue,

New York,

RENOUF PUBLISHING COMPANY

25 McGlll College Avenue, - - Montreal, Quebec

WILEY FREE EXAMINATION COUPON

John Wiley & Sons. Inc.. 440 Fourth Ave., New York City, or Renouf
Publishing Co., 25 McGill College Ave., Montreal, Quebec
Gentlemen: Kindly send me the following books for 10 days' free
examination.

Name

Address

I am a member of

Subscriber to f^ ea \

The Engineering Journal V,No /

(Stat* what SocUty).

E.J. 3-24

Every advertisement is a message to you.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

SEWER PIPE

Favor

McCracken Concrete Sewer
Pipe is manufactured in accor-
dance with Standard Specifica-
tions issued by the American
Society) for Testing Materials
for Cement Concrete Sower
Pipe, and Inspected by the
Canadian Inspection and Test-
ing Company, Limited.

Mr. A. F. McCallum, Commissioner of Works, Ottawa, Ont., replies to published
criticism of the action of city council in adopting the McCallum recom-
mendation for concrete pipe as against vitrified clay pipe. (See Ottawa Citizen,
April 26th, 1923). Mr. McCallum's letter to the Board of Control reads.

"It maybe taken for granted that '"It is interesting to note then the

there are no acids in comparatively difference in prices in 1921 (when

fresh sewage in this city to dlsin- there was no concrete pipe tender)

tegrate concrete pipe made to our with 1923.

Si ra< . ctiui i. u..u. i insptxcii n and

properly cured and tested regardless Clay Pipe Tenders

of the absurd statements made by ..,,

the clay pipe people. lv ^ 1 '" •*

6 inch 32* .23

"Concrete pipe was easily made by 9 inch 39 .41

small plants in a careless manner 12 inch 91 .67

and as a consequence engineers have 15 inch 1.20 .85

been prejudiced against it until 18 inch 1.70 1.27

recently when tirst class pipe in the 24 inch 3.10 2.15

smaller sizes has come on the

market. For that reason we have "In other words if we had not

not used it in this city for the sizes allowed tenders fiom the concrete

from 24 inches to 6 inches until pipe people we would have had to

recently, giving a monopoly prac- pay about $25,000 instead of $17,000

tically to clay pipe. («, for this year's supply of pipe."

L^.-*4*& ?-■'. m • - --T- , __^&EOI

Write for complete informations and quotations.

Jno. E. Russell Co., Limited

General Sales Agents
Harbor Administration Building, TORONTO

SEWER PIPE

'The Pipe That Endures"

Every advertiser is worthy of your support.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

The Cahokia Station of the Union Electric Light and Power Company, St. Louis. Eight
Lopulco equipped boilers of 1780 H.P. each constitute the first section.

All Canadian Coal can be burnt at High Efficiency

with the

LOPULCO

PULVERIZED FUEL SYSTEMS

The two latest installations of the largest boilers in Canada are
being equipped for Pulverized Fuel : Ford Motors, three 1300 H.P.
Boilers (Lopulco) :WinnipegHydro, three 1140H.P.Boilers(Lopulco).

POWER RL.ANT"

STOKERS OF ALL TVPE9
PULVERIZED FUEL SYSTEMS
6TEAM TURBO CENCRATOR8
HIGH SPEED STEAM ENGINES

AIR PREHEATERS
RADIAL BRICK CHIMNEYS
COAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT
ASH CONVEYORS AND HOPPERS

Head Office -Toronto

EQUIPMENT

SUSPENDED FLAT ARCHES
DE-AERATORS
CONOCNSERS OF ALL TYPES
OIL BURNING EQUIPMENT

PULVERIZING AND GRINDING MILLS
RECORDING INSTRUMENTS
INDUCED AND FORCED DRAFT FANS
DIESEL OIL ENGINES

Vancouver. Montreal.Winnipeg

Advertisements have an educational value. Read them carefully.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

The London and Port Stanley Incline Railway

carried 224,000 passengers in first three months of operation.

The MEAD-MORRISON machinery that performs this duty represents
a degree of value and dependable service that cannot be reckoned in money.

Agents :

HARVARD TURN BULL & CO. - - Toronto
POWELL EQUIPMENT CO. - - Winnipeg

FERGUSON SUPPLY CO. - - - - Calgary
O'HANLAN FERGUSON SUPPLY CO. Edmonton
B. C. EQUIPMENT CO. - - - - Vancouver

MADE IN CANADA BY

»MISM

CANADA CEMENT BUILDING

■works : MONTREAL welland ont.

Journal advertisers are discriminating advertisers.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Westlnghouse Synchronous Motor Driving 15 x 10}^ x 16 PREA-2 Ammonia Compressor
Molson's Brewery, Montreal.

The Logical Drive

There are many reasons for the superiority of the synchronous motor
on compressor drive. One is the low cost of its operation; a second is
its compactness; a third is its high efficiency at Hi Yt. or full load, and
a fourth its ability to operate for long periods with little or no attention.

In addition to these advantages, Westinghouse offers a standard syn-
chronous motor built in many sizes and styles for all types of compressors.
This self-starting motor is compact, built of tested materials and has
been designed by expert electrical engineers.

It is the logical motor For compressor drive.

Canadian Westinghonse Co., Limited, Hamilton, Ont.

TORONTO, Bank of Hamilton Bldg.
HALIFAX, 105 llollia St.
CALGARY, Canada Life Bldg.

MONTREAL— 512 William St.
WINNIPEG— 158 Portage Ave. E.

MONTREAL, 285 Beaver Hall Hill
FT. WILLIAM, Cuthbertson Block
VANCOUVER, Bank of Nova Scotia Bldg.

Repair Shops:

VANCOUVER— 1090 Mainland St.

OTTAWA, Ahearn & Soper, Ltd.
WINNIPEG, 158 Portage Ave. E.
EDMONTON, 211 McLeod Bldg.

TORONTO— 366 Adelaide W.
CALGARY— 320 Eighth Ave. W.

Westinghonse

Advertisers appreciate the engineer's purchasing power.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Architects :
STEVENS & LEE, Toronto

Consulting Engineer :
H. H. ANGUS, Toronto

Plumbing and Heating Contractors ;
THE GARTH CO., Montreal

Main Building

New Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal

Equipped with JENKINS VALVES

If there is one place more than another where absolutely dependable valve equipment is vital it is in the
equipment of the modern hospital.

Day and night every minute of the twenty-four hours, the valves must be ready to serve — 100% efficient — without
risk of failure or break-down.

For Jenkins Diamond Marked Valves are here installed

JENKINS BROS.,

LIMITED

The Notre Dame Hospital shown above is thus equipped,
by men who fully realize the part that good valves
play in the matter of efficient hospital service.

Striking proof indeed of Jenkins Valve dependability.

If you would see how complete the Jenkins line
is and wish to read in detail about the many
types and sizes, including the justly popular Jenkins
Radiator Valves, write for free Catalog- No. 9.

Head Office and Works:
103 St. Reml St., - MONTREAL

Sales Offices:

TORONTO - VANCOUVER

European Branch:

Factories:

LONDON W. C. 2. ENGLAND
MONTREAL BRIDGEPORT

ELIZABETH

Always marked with the "Diamond"

enkinstkves

f SINCE 1864

Mention of The Journal to advertisers advances your interests.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Above, Chicoutimi Power Development, Power
House Construction ; at right, Dam, looking
downstream.

Concrete poured Successfully
in Coldest Winter Weather

The Chicoutimi Hydro-Electric
Development in the Lake St. John,
District of Quebec, effectively proves
that concrete construction can be
successfully carried on in Winter.

Concrete pouring on this job was
commenced January 18th., 1923, and
continued practically without in-
termission until the middle of April,
by which time, 25,000 cubic yards
had been poured. The average
temperature during all this period
was well below zero, and on more
than one occasion, pour-
ing was successfull with
the thermometer register-
ing 40 degrees below.

CANADA CEMENT

CONCRETE

FOR PERMANENCE

Care, of course, had to be taken to
maintain artificial heating, but
C. N. Shanly, A.M.E.I.C, Engineer
in Charge of Construction, states
that the results were just as good
as with Concrete made under
summer conditions.

The Chicoutimi Hydro-Electric Plant
was built for Price Bros. & Co. Ltd.,
by William I. Bishop Limited, of
Montreal, to supply power to their
pulp and paper mills at Kenogami
and is an important feature of the
remarkable industrial
development g now pro-
gressing! in " the Lake
St. John District.

Specify

CANADA CEMENT

Uniformly Reliable

We maintain a Service Department
to co-operate in all lines of work for
which Concrete is adapted. Our lib-
rary is comprehensive and is at your
disposal at all times without charge.

Canada Cement Company Limited

Canada Cement Company Building Phillips Square Montreal
Sales Offices at : Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Calgary

Make Journal advertising one hundred per cent efficient.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE

LINCOLN ELECTRIC CO.

OF CANADA, LIMITED

Head Office and Works:

136 JOHN STREET,

TORONTO.

Branch Office: 112 CORISTINE BUILDING, MONTREAL.
Manufacturers of INDUCTION MOTORS AND ARC-WELDERS

The New Type "D" LINCOLN Motor embodies the

latest electrical and mechanical

improvements.

We invite Engineers to consult us for information and
cost data on Electric Welding.

WE SELL OR RENT MACHINES

AND UNDERTAKE WELDING WORK

ON CONTRACT.

Valuable suggestions appear in the advertising pages.

THE ENGINEERING JO UfiR^N A L

February, 1924

0-B Insulators
on Important Span

The importance of the Car-
quinez Strait Crossing of the
110-kv lines carrying Pit Riv-
er power, to Oakland and
adjacent districts, is generally
understood.

The insulating supports for
this span were designed by
the engineers of the Pacific
Gas & Electric Company and
have a number of interesting
features, some of which are
shown in the illustrations.

O-B Insulators were used
on this important span.

Insulator & Mfg. Co. Limited

ominion insuiaior uc lvirg.

(Manufacturing Ohio Brass Company Products in Canada)

Niagara Falls ------

Ontario

Mentioning The Journal gives you additional consideration.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

jWk^i^^S

Horttierti Electric Compa

LIMITED *'

MONTREAL TORONTO WINDSOR CALGAR
HALIFAX HAMILTON WINNIPEG EDMONTON

QUEBEC LONDON , REGINA VANCOUVER

Makers of the Nations Telephone;

HANUIACTUElNGf

Manual TelephoEee _
AntomaticTeleplKme*

Vires a. Cables
fire Alarm Systems
33adto Sendin^an3«

PI5fglBtmN6

.Construction Material
IHureln&tiiKf Material
IWer App&ro.tu9
Household Appli&ncej
Electrical Supplied
JWcir & li^ht Hanta
Marine Fittings

£w;y jyowr equipment from Journal advertisers.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Wheiffou Strike a Snag in a Welding Job-

Write, telephone or wire to us. Our Service man will help you
out of the difficulty. We go further than simply helping you in
emergencies, our service men are also available for the bettering
of shop practice pertaining to welding and cutting operations.

There may be ways in which you can profitably employ a welding
and cutting outfit in your plant that have not occurred to you.
Ways of reducing costs, and short cuts which will increase pro-
duction. Our Welding Engineers will make a survey of your
plant and operations at no cost to you. They will advise you
how to make better use of your present welding equipment or
how you can more profitably employ your cutting torch.

This service is gratis to our customers. It is the plus part of Dominion
service which has influenced an ever-increasing list of manufacturing plants,
contractors, ship yards, steel plants, and transportation companies to use
Dominion Service for their oxygen and dissolved acetylene requirements.
You, too, can use Dominion Service to advantage. Your request for infor-
mation will be given prompt attention.

Operating the Welding and
Cutting Gas Division of

Prest-O-Lite Company of
Canada, Limited.

DOMINION OXYGEN COMPANY LIMITED.

General Offices:
80 Adelaide St. East, Toronto.

Distribution Points : Hamilton, Merritton,
Montreal, Quebec, Shawinigan Falls,
Toronto, Wellaml, Windsor, and Winni-
peg.

Remember The Journal when buying apparatus.

February, 1924 THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 17

"Press the Button"

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

The Old Way

to start a freight elevator was to lean into
the hoistway and pull the cable, then when
the car reached your floor jump onto the
moving car, pull the cable again and stop the
elevator — Yes; accidents were frequent.

The Modern Way

is to install Turnbull "PRESS THE
BUTTON" Control. Operating push
buttons are provided at each landing and on
the car. Just "press the button" until the
car reaches the floor required— Release the
button and the car stops — -The gates cannot
be opened until the car reaches the floor — ■
The car cannot be started again until the
gate is closed.

Simple - Inexpensive - Safe

— : Let Us Quote You : —

T0RNMlElMOR(DMROT

Limited

TORONTO

MONTREAL BRANCH: 10 Victoria Street

Representatives in

VANCOUVER, CALGARY, REGINA, WINNIPEG, WINDSOR,

OTTAWA, HALIFAX, ST. JOHN.

The advertiser is ready to give full information.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Economy in Concrete Work

INSLEY

CHUTING PLANTS

Towers, Buckets,
Hoppers, etc.

For the smaller jobs the

-INSLEY-

Mast Hoist
Plant

only one Mast to erect

Bucket Capacities : 7 ft. and 14 ft.

SMITH

MIXERS
MARSH

HO ISTS

Wheelbarrows,
Carts, Cars, etc.

CARRIED IN STOCK

Bucyrus Shovels and Draglines,

Western Cars, Vulcan Locomotives, etc.

MUSSENS LIMITED

Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver

When buying consult first Journal advertisers.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Chain the Motor to the
Machine

ON'T waste power —

Drive your machine
and lineshafting with this
98.2% efficient Link-Belt
Silent Chain Drive.

It has earned an enviable
reputation as the "Ideal"
Drive in all lines of power
transmission.

We sell each drive com-
plete (in sizes M to 1000 H.P.
and over) and guarantee
its performance.

Link-Belt Silent Chain com-
bines in one drive the best
points of leather belts and
cut gears, minus their dis-
advantages.

Link-Belt Silent Chain is the
efficient means of transmit-
ting power. We welcome
the opportunity of proving
it to you in your plant, under
your individual conditions.

Send for a copy of our
Data Book No. 125. Use
the coupon.

LINK-BELT LIMITEI

Wellington and Peter Sts..
TORONTO

Please send postpaid — Link- Bolt I
Silent Chain Data Book No. 125. I

St+r»f>+

Province

E. J. 2-4 1

RETURN THIS COUPON

LINK-BELT LIMITED

(FORMERLY CANADIAN L I N K - B E L T COMPANY. LTD.)
Wellington and Peters Streets, TORONTO 10 Gauvin Lane, MONTREAL

wrc

Mention The Journal when dealing with advertisers,

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

A known ability to deliver

Saving —

17,500

"We expect to make a saving
this year of approximately
1000 tons of coal," wrote J. E.
Cooper, Asst. General Man-
ager of the Dale Estate,
Limited, florists at Brampton,
Ontario. He also mentioned
"a saving of around $10,000
in wages." This Murphy
equipped plant is shown
above. Thomas Dale is en-
gineer in charge; Malvern F.
Thomas is the consulting
engineer.

WHENEVER Modern firing methods are
thought of, Murphy Automatic Furnaces
are considered. They represent a demonstrat-
ed principle — a method of firing coal that is
established — a known ability to deliver service
and economy. For 50 years the Murphy Au-
tomatic Furnace has written economy into
every chapter of power plant history.

Here is an economically operated, natural draft
stoker of marked simplicity — a stoker that is
capable of burning practically every grade of
fuel or refuse in connection with any boiler from
50 hp. up. It performs all the functions of
mechanical firing automatically and contin-
uously. Ask for a catalog and consider the
Murphy in terms of your specific needs.

The Under-Feed Stoker Co. of Canada, Ltd.,
146 King St. W., Toronto

Alta. and West Sask.

Mr. J. Twomey,

Camrose, Alberta.

Man. and East Sask.: British Columbia:

W. W. Hicks & Co., B. C. Equipment Co.,

Winnipeg. Vancouver, B. C.

Quebec: The Cleaton Co. (Canada) Ltd., Montreal, Que.

'Jones" Stokers

"Riley" Stokers

"Murphy" Automatic Furnaces

Firms advertising in The Journal are considered as absolutely reputable.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Journal advertisers are worthy of your business consideration.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Lt. Col. R. G. Stewart,

President

E. A. Larmonth.
Vice President

E. O. Leahey.

Man. Director

J. D. Cunningham.
Secy. Tres.

E. 0. LEAHEY & COMPANY

, ===== ^^ ===== _ == LIMITED ^^ = ^^ == =^^^

GENERAL CONTRACTORS

Electric Dredge on Queenston-Chippawa Power Development

Head Office:

OTTAWA,

Ont.

Consult the advertiser, his information is valuable.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Journal advertisers are worthy of your business consideration.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Twenty years without an
equal and now in use in
over 4,000,000 hp. of
Stationary Boilers

Typical Foster Superheater

for use in vertically baffled

Horizontal

Water tube Boilers.

FOSTER

SUPERHEATERS

A short

uncovered

portion at

each end of

the tube
permits the
ends to be
inserted and
expanded into
the connect-
ing headers.

Advantages of Foster Extended Superheating Surface

The unique construction of Superheating
surface in Foster Superheaters has for
twenty years had no equal for its purpose
and has been more used than all other

designs put together, the following reasons
for its supremacy should be thoroughly
understood by all interested in the pro-
duction and use of superheat.

Seamless Steel Tubes Protected from Corrosion by Cast Iron Rings which also increase the Heat- Absorbing Surface.
Four to Six times as much Heat Absorption Surface as obtained with Bare Tubes. High rate of Heat Transfer

with Foster Extended Surface Permits Higher Degrees of Superheat to be obtained within the Space Available

within the Setting than can be secured with any Other Type of Superheater.

Reserve Heat Stored for Sudden Demands in the mass of metal in the Heating Surface,
for maintaining constant Superheat and for flashing any Moisture into Steam.

It is instantly available

4. No Flooding is necessary in Starting and Stand-by Periods.

Special Applications of Foster Heating Surface.

In addition to the use of Superheated Steam for Economy in Power Plants Many Uses Have been found for Foster Super-
heaters. Low Pressure or Exhaust Steam Superheated may be used in place of High Pressure Steam.

Foster Superheaters, Preheaters, Cracking Stills, etc., have been widely used in Industrial Processes involving the Heating
or Heat Treatment of Oils, Chemical Gases, Liquids, Air, etc.

If you have in mind any Special Application of Foster Heating Surface, we will be glad of the opportunity to make sug-
gestions, and will regard as confidential any information placed with us.

CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES:

The General Supply Co. of Canada, Limited

OTTAWA
MONTREAL, TORONTO, WINNIPEG, MONCTON, NORTH BAY, VANCOUVER.

Members are urged to consult The Journal's advertising pages.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

ROOFS, WALLS and PARTITIONS
can be constructed more economically with

Why Use Hy rib?

te&&

BECAUSE HYRIB

Hyrib Walls and Sidings

are much less expensive than other types
of permanent construction, and more
economical than old-style constructions
which require constant maintenance on
account of rust and decay.

Our Hyrib Book is free to all who write
for it.

Trussed Concrete Steel Co. of Canada Limited

WALKERVILLE, .ONTARIO

Branches: TORONTO MONTREAL WINNIPEG CALGARY VANCOUVER

Warehouses: TORONTO MONTREAL WINNIPEG CALGARY

Men of influence consult Journal advertising.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

THE HAMILTON BRIDGE WORKS COMPANY LIMITED

HEAD OFFICE AND WORKS

Hamilton, Canada

BRANCH OFFICE

410 General Assurance Bldg

Bay and Temperance Sts.

TORONTO.

Engineers, Manufacturers and Erectors

—OF EVERY CLASS OF—

STRUCTURAL STEEL AND BRIDGE WORK

OFFICE AND MILL BUILDINGS, HIGHWAY AND RAILWAY BRIDGES

MINE BUILDINGS AND HEADFRAMES.

Write for the advertisers' literature mentioning The Journal,

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

1904

Great advances have been made in the electrical
industry during the past twenty-five years; every-
where old principles, more efficiently applied, and new
devices mark man's progress. Nowhere is this more
noticeable than in Transformer development. The

Type"H" Form"K"

is a distinct advance in Transformer design. The
cruciform, distributed core provides great mechanical
strength. The coils are protected against distortion,
during short circuit, by the outside legs which form
a rigid support, thus insuring long life and uninter-
rupted service.

Always specify Type "H"
—your guarantee of quality

1924

'Made in Canada by"

Canadian General Electric Co.,Limited

HEAD OFFICE

TORONTO

Branch Offices: Halifax, Sydney, St. John, Montreal, Quebec, Cobalt, Ottawa, Hamilton, London, Windsor,
South Porcupine, Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver, Nelson and Victoria,

When purchasing equipment consider The Journal advertiser.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

INDUSTRIAL LOCOMOTIVE CRANES solve the
* tremendous handling problems of practically all of
the world's big engineering projects.. The Quebec
Development Co. Ltd., is using the two shown below in
the huge hydro-electric power development of the upper
Saguenay river, near Lake St. John, Quebec. In this
great undertaking, the INDUSTRIALS are in constant
operation, performing a wide range of accomplishments
from excavating to steel erection, all at tremendous
savings over hand labor.

The extreme flexibility of industrials was largely
responsible for their selection. With clamshell bucket
they handle all sorts of loose materials and do all
excavating, backfilling, ditching and grading. With
bottom dump bucket they handle concrete expediti-
ously and economically from mixer to forms. Equipped
with electro-magnet, they handle all forms of iron and
steel. With hook and block they are available for the
erection of steel structural trusses, heavy girders and
assembled structural units. With special grapples or
dragline buckets, they are available for numerous other
duties and they may also be equipped for pile driving
and steam shovel work.

There are 17 types of industrials varying in capacity
from 5 tons to 200 tons, built for steam, electric or
gasoline power and for operating on rails, crawling
tractor belts or traction wheels. Their original cost is
but slightly more than for other similar machines
which they outlast by several years.

We shall be glad to forward our 164 page Golden Anniversary
catalog, illustrating and describing each type in detail.

Industrial Works : BAY CITY, Michigan

F. H. HOPKINS & CO., LTD.

MONTREAL TORONTO

Every advertisement is a message to you..

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE JOURNAL OF

THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

OF CANADA

FEBRUARY 1924

REPORT OF COUNCIL FOR 1923 .
COUNCIL COMMITTEES:—

Library and House 53

Finance 54

Legislation and By-Laws 56

Board of Examiners and Education .... 56

Students' Prizes 57

Publications 57

Code of Ethics 57

Nominating Committee for 1924 57

Papers Committee 57

Fuel 58

Canadian Engineering Standards . . 58

BRANCH REPORTS:—
Border Cities ... 64

Calgary 64

Cape Breton 65

Edmonton 66

Halifax 66

Hamilton 67

EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS :-

Annual General Meeting 82

The McCharles Prize 82

A Correction 82

Ottawa Meeting Attains High Standard. . 83

EMINENT RAILWAY BUILDERS

THIRTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING

REGISTRATION ANNUAL MEETING

THE BANFF-WINDERMERE HIGHWAY

OBITUARIES

PERSONALS

ELECTIONS AND TRANSFERS

EMPLOYMENT BUREAU

BRANCH NEWS

CORRESPONDENCE

OTHER SOCIETIES NEWS

CONTENTS

Volume VII, No. 2

Canadian National Committee of Interna-
tional Electro-Technical Commission

Uniform Steam Boiler Specifications

Classification and Remuneration

Honour Roll and War Trophies

Past Presidents' Prize Fund

Deterioration of Concrete in Alkali Soils

Students' Activities

Biographies

Ontario Provincial Division

Kingston 68

Lakehead 68

Lethbridge... 68

London 69

Moncton 70

Montreal 70

Niagara Peninsula 72

Ottawa 72

Peterborough .... 74

Quebec 74

Saguenay 76

Saskatchewan .... 76

Sault Ste. Marie

St. John

Toronto

Vancouver

Victoria

Winnipeg

Students' Prize

Prizes for Successful Designs.
To Catalogue the Library . . .
Kelvin Medal Award

PRELIMINARY NOTICE

ENGINEERING INDEX (15)

Published by

THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF CANADA

176 Mansfield St., Montreal

60
60
60
61
61
61
63
63
63

77
77
78
79
80
81

110

112

115

117

Halifax Branch, Halifax, N.S.
Cape Breton Branch, Sydney, Cape Breton
Moncton Branch, Moncton, N.B.
St. John Branch, St. John, N.B.
Saguenay Branch, Chicoutimi West, Que.
Quebec Branch, Quebec, Que.
Montreal Branch, Montreal, Que.
Ottawa Branch, Ottawa, Ont.
Kingston Branch, Kingston, Ont.
Peterborough Branch, Peterborough, Ont.
Toronto Branch, Toronto, Ont.
Hamilton Branch, Hamilton, Ont.

BRANCHES:

Niagara Peninsula Branch, Niagara Falls, Ont.
London Branch, London, Ont.
Border Cities Branch, Windsor, Ont.
Sault Ste. Marie Branch, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.
Lakehead Branch, Port Arthur, Ont.
Winnipeg Branch, Winnipeg, Man.
Saskatchewan Branch,' Regina, Sask.
Lethbridge Branch, Lethbridge, Alta.
Edmonton Branch, Edmonton, Alta.
Calgary Branch, Calgary, Alta.
Vancouver Branch, Vancouver, B.C.
Victoria Branch, Victoria, B.C.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Members of Council for 1924

t ARTHUR SURVEYER, Montreal, Que.

PRESIDENT
WALTER J. FRANCIS, Montreal, Que.

VICE-PRESIDENTS
•GEO. A. WALKEM, Vancouver, B.C.

tF. P. SHEARWOOD, Montreal, Que.

tJ. B. CHALLIES, Ottawa, Ont.

IF. A. BOWMAN, Halifax, N.S.

R. A. ROSS, Montreal. Que.

•W. H. BALTZELL, Ojlbway, Ont.

•H. M. BIGWOOD, Victoria, B.C.

tK. N. BLACKBURN, Reglna, Sask.

tCHAS. BRAKENRIDGE, Vancouver, B.C.

tFREDERICK B. BROWN, Montreal, Que.

tK. M. CAMERON, Ottawa, Ont.

•F. W. CLARK, Niagara Falls, Ont.

tGEO. T. CLARK, Toronto, Ont.

•H. B. R. CRAIG, London, Ont.

tA. R. DECARY, Quebec, Que.

•R, L. DOBBIN, Peterborough, Ont.

•For 1924

PAST-PRESIDENTS
J. M. R. FAIRBAIRN, Montreal, Que.

COUNCILLORS
♦J. A. DUCHASTEL, Montreal, Que.
tC. P. EDWARDS. Ottawa. Ont.
*F. R. FAULKNER, Halifax, N.S.
tE. P. FETHERSTONHAUGH, Winnipeg, Man.
*J. E. GIBAULT, Levis. Que.
■A. R. GREIG, Saskatoon, Sask.
JE. G. HEWSON, Toronto, Ont.
*G. N. HOUSTON, Lethbridge, Alta.
tGEO. D. MACDOUGALL, Sydney, N.S.
•GEO. R. MacLEOD. Montreal. Que.
•ALEXANDER MACPHAIL. Kingston, Ont.

tFor 1914-25

JOHN G. SULLIVAN, Winnipeg, Man.

tCHAS. M. McKERGOW, Montreal, Que.

•W. T. MOODIE, Port Arthur, Ont.

•R. K. PALMER, Hamilton, Ont.

♦D. A. ROSS. Winnipeg, Man.

•C. H. E. ROUNTHWAITE. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont

•C. N. SHANLY. Chlcoutlml West, Que.

•A. F. STEWART. Moncton, N.B.

tB. L. THORNE, Calgary. Alta.

•F. P. VAUGHAN, St. John, N.B.

•R. S. L. WILSON, Edmonton, Alta.

•R. O. WYNNE-ROBERTS, Toronto, Ont.

tFor 1934-25-26

TREASURER
MAJOR-GEN. SIR ALEX. BERTRAM, Montreal.

SECRETARY
FRASER S. KEITH, Montreal.

HALIFAX

Chairman, C. H. WRIGHT
Sec.-Treas., K. L. DAWSON,

294 Gottingen St., Halifax, N.S.

Executive, H.W. L.DOANE W. F. McKNIGHT

K. H. SMITH R.W. McCOLOUGH

D. W. MUNN J. F. LUMSDEN
J. G.W. CAMPBELL G. S. STAIRS
J.M.MILLAR A.R.CHAMBERS

Ex-Offlclo) F. R. FAULKNER

CAPE BRETON
Chairman, HORACE LONGLEY
Vice-Chair., A. P. THEUERKAUF
Sec.-Treas.. D. W. J. BROWN.

Bank of Commerce Bldg., Sydney, N.S.
Executive. ALBERT DAWES
S. C. MIFFLEN
J. R. MORRISON
(Ex-Offlclo) GEO. D. MACDOUGALL

ST. JOHN

Chairman, HARRY F. BENNETT
VIce-Chalr.. G. N. HATFIELD
Sec.-Treas.. W. J. JOHNSTON

Box 1417. St. John, N.B.
Executive. F. G. GOODSPEED

E. G. CAMERON A. G. TAPLEY
W. R. PEARCE C. C. KIRBY

MONCTON
Chairman, W. B. MACKENZIE
VIce-Chalr.. P.O. CONDON,
Sec.-Treas., M. J. MURPHY

Asst. Enftr., C.N.R., Moncton, N.B.
Executive. A. F. STEWART

H. J. CRUDGE

E. G. EVANS,

J. D. McBEATH

G. C. TORRENS

C. S. G. ROGERS

A. S. GUNN

SAGUENAY
Chairman, W.G.MITCHELL
VIce-Chalr., C. N. SHANLY
Sec.-Treas. H. B. PELLETIER

Box 181 Chlcoutlml, Que.
Executive, J. F. GRENON, H. V. BIGNELL

N. F. McCAGHEY, A. DUPERRON
G. E. LaMONTHE
QUEBEC
Chairman. A. R. DECARY
VIce-Chalr., A. B. NORMANDIN
Sec.-Treas.. HECTOR CIMON,

P. O. Box 115, Quebec.
Executive. L. C. DUPUIS T.E.ROUSSEAU
PAUL JONCAS S. L. deCARTERET
Councillors J. E. GIBAULT S. S. OLIVER

MONTREAL

Chairman, O. O. LEFEBVRE

VIce-Chalr., J. L. BUSF1ELD

Sec.-Treas.. E. A. JtYAN

128 Bleury St., Montreal

Past Chair., J. T. FARMER

Executive A. C. TAGGE
F. A. COMBE
D. C.TENNANT
W. C. ADAMS
C. V. CHRISTIE
P S CRFC^ORY

(Bs-Officlo) FREDERICK B. BROWN
C. M. McKERGOW
J. M. R. FAIRBAIRN
WALTER J. FRANCIS
GEO. R. MacLEOD
R. A. ROSS
F. P. SHEARWOOD
ARTHUR SURVEYER
K.B.THORNTON

OFFICERS OF BRANCHES

OTTAWA

Chairman. J. L. RANNIE
Sec.-Treas.. F. C. C. LYNCH

Nat. Resources Intelligence Br., Dept. of the
Interior, Ottawa. Ont.
Executive. L. SHERWOOD R. L. PEEK

L. H. COLE R. J. DURLEY
A. G. L. McNAUGHTON
(Ex-Offlclo) K. M. CAMERON O. S. FINNIE

C. P. EDWARDS J. B. CHALLIES

PETERBOROUGH

Hon. Chair., P. P. WESTBYE
Chairman, R. L. DOBBIN
VIce-Chalr., E. R. SHIRLEY
Secretary, R. C. FLITTON

The Wm. Hamilton Co..

Peterborough, Ont.
Treasurer, A. B. GATES

Executive, A. L. KILLALY D. L. McLAREN
R. B. ROGERS A. H. MUNRO
B. L. BARNES H. O. FISK
KINGSTON

Chairman. T. McGINNIS
VIce-Chalr., T. ANDERSON
Sec.-Treas., A JACKSON

Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.
Executive, G. R. TURNER
R. J. McClelland
W. CASEY
TORONTO

Chairman C. R. YOUNG
VIce-Chalr., J. M. OXLEY
Sec.-Treas., J. A. KNIGHT

Hydro-Electric Power Comm.
190 University Ave., Toronto, Ont.
Executive, PETER GILLESPIE
T. R. LOUDON
J. G. R. WAINWRIGHT
N. D. WILSON
R. C. MUIR
A. C. OXLEY
(Ex-Officto) R. O. WYNNE-ROBERTS
G. T. CLARK
Wm. STORRIE
C. H. MITCHELL

HAMILTON
Hon. Chair. H. U. HART
Chairman, J. W. TYRRELL
Vice-Chair., W. G. MILNE
Past-Chair., F. W. PAULIN
Sec.-Treas.. W. F. McLAREN

Canadian Weatlnghouse Co., Hamilton, Ont.
Executive, J. J. MacKAY

C. H.MARRS

F P. ADAMS C. J. NICHOLSON

LONDON
Chairman, E. V. BUCHANAN
VIce-Chalr.. W. C.MILLER
Sec.-Treas.. E. A. GRAY

The Public Utilities Commission,

London, Ont.
Executive, W. P. NEAR H. A. BRAZIER

R. I. OLMSTED
(Ex-Offlclo) J. R. ROSTRON CHAS. TALBOT
W. J. FORBES-MITCHELL

NIAGARA PENINSULA
Chairman, S. R. FROST
VIce-Chalr. E. P. JOHNSON
Sec.-Treas.. R. W. DOWNIE

Box 1163. Thorold. Ont.
Executive F. W. CLARK

A. MILNE

J. R. BOND

A. W. L. BUTLER
(Ex-Officlo)LF. S. LAZIER

A. C. D. BLANCHARD

BORDER CITIES
Chairman. J. E. PORTER
VIce-Chalr.. J. CLARK KEITH,
Sec.-Treas., F. JAS. BRIDGES

Riverside Drive, Ont.
Executive A. J. M. BOWMAN J. J. NEWMAN

iH. THORNE
(Ex-Off Icio) W. H. BALTZELL

SAULT STE. MARIE

Chairman, B. E. BARNHILL
VIce-Chalr., L. R. BROWN
Sec.-Treas., C. H. E. ROUNTHWAITE
Algoma Central & Hudson Bay Ry.,

Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.
Executive J. W. LeB. ROSS
G. H. KOHL

LAKEHEAD
Chairman, G. II. BURBIDGB
VIce-Chalr.. H. S. HANCOCK
Sec.-Treas., GEO. P. BROPHY

P. O. Box 86, Port Arthur, Ont
Executive. J. ANTONISEN W. T. MOODIE
G.R.DUNCAN D.G.CALVERT
WINNIPEG

Chairman, A. McGILLIVRAY
Sec.-Treas., P. BURKE-GAFFNEY.

406 Fashion Craft Bldg., Winnipeg, Man.
Executive, M. A. LYONS D. L. McLEAN
A. A. YOUNG W. ALDRIDGB
W. WALKDEN J. N. FINLAYSON

SASKATCHEWAN

Chairman, A. C. GARNER
VIce-Chalr., C. J.MACKENZIE
Sec.-Treas., D. A. R. McCANNEL

City Engineer's Dept., Regina, Sask.
Executive, H.N. MACPHERSON

J. D. PETERS

G.M.WILLIAMS

R. W. E. LOUCKS

A. P. LINTON

R. N. BLACKBURN

LETHBRIDGE
Chairman, JOHN DOW
Sec.-Treas., GEO. S. BROWN

Box 428, Lethbridge, Alta.
Executive, C. M. ARNOLD G. N. HOUSTON
SAM G. PORTER
H. P. KEITH J. DOW

EDMONTON
Chairman, R. S. L. WILSON
VIce-Chalr., E. KELLS HALL
Sec.-Treas. W. R. MOUNT

City Engr's Dept., Edmonton, Alta.
Executive, C. A. ROBB

C. C. SUTHERLAND
S. R. LAMB
A. G. STEWART
(Ex-Offlclo) E. STANSFIELD
R. E. DOUGLAS
CALGARY
Chairman, V. MEEK
VIce-Chalr., F. E. EMERY
Secretary J. A. SPRECKLEY

513-8th Ave., W., Calgary. Alta.
Treasurer. G. P. F. BOESE
Executive V. A. NEWHALL A. S. CHAPMAN

J. HADDIN
(Ex-Offlclo) P. J. JENNINGS B. L. THORNE

VANCOUVER
Chairman, JAS. MUIRHEAD
VIce-Chalr., W. G. SWAN
Sec.-Treas.. P. H. BUCHAN

930 Blrks Building, Vancouver, B.C.
Executive, W. H. POWELL

D. O. LEWIS

J. P. HODGSON

T. W. FAIRHURST

F. W. ALEXANDER

W. B. GREIG
(Ex-Offlclo) GEO. A. WALKEM

CHAS. BRAKENRIDGE
VICTORIA

Chairman, F. C. GREEN
Vice-Chair.. G. B. MITCHELL
Secretary E. P. GIRDWOOD

23 Brown Bldg.. Victoria, B.C.
Executive, F. G. ALDOUS

J. N. ANDERSON

H. M. BIGWOOD

THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE JOURNAL OF THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF CANADA

Published monthly at 176 Mansfield Street, Montreal, by The Engineering Institute
of Canada, Incorporated In 1887 as The Canadian Society of Civil Engineers.

Entebed at the Post Office, Montreal, As Second Class Matter

Volume VII

Montreal, February 1924

Number 2

Report of Council for the Year 1923

Nineteen twenty-three was an important year for The
Institute in that the recommendations made by the Com-
mittee on Policy were embodied in new by-laws, endorsed
by the members, and put into effect during the year. As
a result of these changes every member of The Institute
resident in Canada becomes associated with a branch,
and is thus in closer touch with Institute affairs.

The second portion of the report of the Committee
on Classification and Remuneration, relating to fees of
practising engineers, was received during the year, and
together with the report received in nineteen twenty-two,
relating to classification and remuneration of engineers
on salary, was adopted as a guide for the benefit of the
members of the engineering profession.

The Committee on Student Activities reported during
the year, making definite suggestions designed to have
The Institute take a greater interest in the welfare of the
students. These constructive suggestions, published in
the October Journal, are being put into effect.

The branches of The Institute have, without exception,
maintained or increased their activities, and show results
which are worthy of the highest commendation. A new
branch was established under favourable auspices in the
valley of the Saguenay in August, its annual report showing
that in common with other branches it has risen to a
realization of its responsibilities and possibilities.

Although the year nineteen twenty-three has, in
general, been somewhat unsettled and chaotic, engineering
activity in Canada has been fairly normal.

The finances of The Institute are in sound condition,
the operating surplus being somewhat larger than was
estimated in the budget.

During the year an Institute Fuel Committee was
established with representation from all parts of Canada,
followed by the establishment of branch fuel committees
in most of the branches. The committee is engaged in
studying the entire fuel situation and it is believed that
the report of the committee will be an important one.

The Council regrets to record that during the year
we were called upon to suffer the loss of the President of
The Institute, Mr. Arthur T. St. Laurent, B.A., C.E., who
passed away five weeks after assuming office. Several
former officers and prominent members of The Institute

were also called away during the year including William
McNab, elected February third, eighteen eighty-seven,
for nine years librarian, and two years a councillor, and
Percival W. St. George, a charter member, member of
the first Council, eight years a councillor and four years
vice-president, and in addition, one of the twelve Honorary
Members of The Institute, Baron Shaughnessy of Montreal
and Ashford, Ireland.

Meetings

On Tuesday, January twenty-third, nineteen twenty-
three, the thirty-seventh annual general meeting of The
Institute was held at headquarters in Montreal. With
the exception of a luncheon during the noon-hour recess,
the meeting was devoted entirely to business sessions.
Following the confirming of the minutes of the previous
annual meeting, scrutineers to report on the result of
the officers ballot, and auditors for the ensuing year,
were appointed. This business was followed by the pre-
sentation of the report of Council and the reports of the
various committees and branches of The Institute. Dur-
ing the meeting announcement was made of the establish-
ment of a Past-Presidents' Fund for the purpose of pro-
viding revenue to donate prizes for papers presented
either at branch or professional meetings. A luncheon
was held in the Salle Dore of the Mount Royal Hotel,
at which the retiring-president's address was delivered.

During the year there was only one general profession-
al meeting held. This meeting was at St. John, New
Brunswick, on September twenty-sixth and twenty-
seventh and at it the following papers were presented:

"The St. John Dry dock", by E. G. Cameron,

A.M.E.I.C.

"Loud Speakers and Public Address Systems,"

by H. J. Vennes, a.m.e.i.c, (At the New Bruns-
wick Telephone Company's Building.)
"Locomotive Tonnage Rating," by W. U. Apple-
ton.

"Metallurgical Reheating Furnaces for Blooms,
Billets and Slabs," by A. P. Theuerkauf,
M.E.I. c,

"A Lump of Coal," by K. L. Dawson, A.M.E.I.C.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

The meeting centred around the completion of the
St. John drydock, in the construction of which members of
The Institute played such an important part. The pro-
gramme proved most interesting to those in attendance,
and in addition to the papers mentioned above, .there
was a boat trip around the harbour of St. John, with the
inspection of the new drydock; a luncheon at Courtenay
bay, when the members were the guests of the St. John
Drydock and Shipbuilding Company; a trip to Mus-
quash, where the members were entertained at dinner
by the New Brunswick Construction and Building Com-
pany; a luncheon at the Paradise Grill, when the members
were the guests of the St. John Branch; and entertain-
ment in the form of motor trips and golf during the after-
noon of the second day. The programme concluded
with a dinner at the Riverside Golf and Country Club.

Roll of The Institute

The election of new members has added two hundred
and forty-four names to the membership roll of The Institute,
during the year nineteen twenty-three. These are divided
into the following grades: — Twenty-seven Members,
eighty-two Associate Members, thirty-three Juniors,
ninety-nine Students and three Affiliates.

Transfers from one grade to another in The Institute
were as follows: — Associate Member to Member, forty;
Junior to Associate Member, forty; Student to Member,
two; Student to Associate Member, eleven; Student to
Junior, twenty-eight.

A summary of these elections and transfers is given
below. The names of those elected or transferred are
published each month in the Journal, immediately follow-
ing election and are added to the official membership
roll as acceptances are received.

Elections

Month

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September. . .

October

November. .
December . . .

Members

'4
5
5

'i
3
1
2
3
2

Associate
Members

Juniors

7
4

"2
1
6
1
4
3

82 33

Transfers

A.M.
Month to

January

February 5

March 13'

April 4

May 9

June

July 4

August 1

September. ... 2

October

November 1

December .... 1

Jr.

A.M.

"l
6
3

S.
to

40 40 2

Removals from the Roll

Students

6
13
11

1
19

4
31

A.M.

"2
2

2
1
3
1

Affiliates

S.
to
Jr.

'4
6
3
3

1
•4

There have been removed from the membership
roll during the year nineteen twenty-three, by resignation
or on account of non-payment of dues: — eight Members,

thirty Associate Members, seven Juniors, twenty Students,
and one Affiliate. A detailed list of the resignations
accepted is as follows: —

Members Juniors

Boving, Jens Orton Black, A. Percival

Johnson, Sydney B. Campbell, H. M.

Associate Members Dorken, Herbert Walker

Anderson, Lt.-Col. T. V., d.s.o. Gardner, Douglas B.

Baggs, Edwin King, Perry

Berg, Hans E. Whitehall, P.
Bourbonnais, Adelphus O. Students

Buteau, Jos. A. Birchard, Major E. Russel

Cookson, Cecil Henry Challenger, J. O.

Ellis, John Devenny, J. P.

Fairlie, William Alex.' Dunlop, P. J.

Frith, Arthur C. Gardner, J. G.

Galloway, Andrew Gnaedinger, Paul Ernest

Graves, Robert Pitt Hornell, D. Roy

Heywood, E. P. James, Victor A.

Lewis, Donald Kingham, J. R.

McGhie, W. G. Peck, W. Swanzey

Nares, Basil L. Price, Lloyd M.

Reid, A. C. . Reed, Gordon

Shaw, Jock Brown Reynolds, H.

Stewart, Lt.-Col. J. Crossley, Sharpe, Clarence B.

D so Sherwood, Thos. K.

Tremblay, Jos. A. Stewart, W. D.

Trottier, J. Paul Fallot, Albert

,„., , , . T . Winter, L. A. G.

Wilmot, Major L. A., M.c. Affiliate

Wilson, Harry Vance Smith, Samuel William

Deceased Members

During the year nineteen twenty-three, the deaths
of twenty-eight of The Institute's members have been
reported.

Honorary Member Bigger, Charles A.

Shaughnessy, Lord, K.c.v.o. Bray, Lennox T.

Members Drummond, Richard

Burnyeat, John P. *Ellis, J. G. St. J.

Clement, William Alex. Goodman, Norbert

Hering, Rudolph, D.Sc. Hall, Lieut. Thomas E. A.

Hesketh, Lt.-Col. James A., Hendry, William A.

c.m.g., D.s.o. Latta, William

Hunt, Robert Woolston Rainboth, Geo. Louis

Legrand, Joseph Gaston Young, William Irving
McNab, William Junior

Powell, Lt.-Col. Archibald Olin Stewart, Lieut. Henry W.
Scott, William Students

St. Laurent, Arthur Armstrong, H. M.

Associate Members Carbonneau, J. Emile

Addison, George Dickson MacLean, Henry Keith

Baker, Lieut. Dennis Stokes, Laverne Franklin
*Killed in Action, authentic information of which has been received
during the year.

Total Membership

The membership of The Institute at present totals five
thousand, one hundred and ninety-four, while there are
two hundred and thirty-eight applications which have
been favourably received, the addition of the names of
these applicants to the roll being delayed pending the
receipt of their formal acceptance of election. The mem-
bership according to grades is shown in the accompanying
table:

Honorary Members 11

Members 1,141

Associate Members 2,456

Juniors 471

Students 1,072

Affiliates 43

5,194
Elections — acceptances pending 238

5,432

Respectfully submitted,

Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c, President.
Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c, Secretary.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Library and House Committee

The President and Council,

Following up the excellent work of last year's Library
and House Committee, your committee exercised super-
vision over the new books being received, and was also
instrumental in securing through The Journal a large
number of donations of books on the list compiled by the
previous committee. Although the list of books was es-
timated to cost five hundred dollars, as granted by
Council, it is a pleasure to announce that the complete
list was secured for two hundred and eleven dollars.
Your committee is strongly of the opinion that a suffi-
cient grant should be made to catalogue the entire library
and add each year sufficient new technical books to keep
the library thoroughly up to date for technical reference.

Your committee is also of the opinion that a definite
sum should be set aside each year to provide for deprecia-
tion on the headquarters property.

There was expended on the library during the year
nineteen twenty-three: — ■

New books $211.17

Binding, — Magazines, transactions, Journal 271.01

Subscription for 1923 $120.55

Subscriptions for 1924 and few 1925 119.45 240.00

Sundries 15.43

$737.61
The following publications are available in the reading
rooms at headquarters:

Lounge Room

Canadian Bookman Strand Magazine

Canadian Magazine World's Work

Goblin Illustrated London News

Harper's Magazine National Geographic Magazine

Life North American Review

Literary Digest La Revue des Deux Mondes

Printers Ink L'lllustration de Paris

Punch La Revue Trimestrielle
Sketch

Technical Reading Room

Aeronautical Engineering and Boiler House

American City Review

American Institute of Electrical Engineering and Mining Journal

Engineers, Journal Engineering News-Record
Annales de l'Energie Engineers and Engineering
Arts et Metiers English Electric Journal
Beama Explosives Engineer
Building Notes Ferro-Concrete
Bus Transportation Gas Engineer
Canada Lumberman Good Roads
Canadian Engineer Heating and Ventilating
Canadian Machinery Highway Engineer and Con-
Canadian Mining Journal tractor
Canadian Patent Office Record Indian Engineering
Canadian Railway and Marine Industrial Canada
World Industrial Digest
Chemical and Metallurgical Industrial Management

Engineering Ingenieur-Zierschrift

Chimie et Industrie Iron Age

City Managers Magazine Iron and Steel of Canada

Colorado Engineer Institution of Electrical Engin-

Combustion eers, Journal of the

Commercial Intelligence Journal La Houille Blanche

Compressed Air Magazine La Technique Moderne

Concrete Le Genie Civil

Contract Record and Engineer- Marketing

ing Review Mechanical Engineering

Construction Mechanical World

Cornell Civil Engineer Michigan Technic

De Ingenieur Military Magazine

Electrical News Mining and Metallurgy

Electrical Railway Journal (A I M.M.E.)

£j ec trical Review Monthly Weather Review

Electrical World . , . . ' _ .

Engineer, The Municipal Engineering

Engineering Municipal Review of Canada

National Electric Light Associa-
tion, Bulletin.

Paper Trade Journal

Power

Power Notes

Practical Engineer and Engineers
Gazette

Professional Engineer

Public Works

Pulp and Paper Magazine

Pure Iron Era

Railway and Locomotive Engin-
eering

Railway Review

Steamship

Steel Structures

Times Engineering Trade Sup-
plement

Town Planning Institute of
Canada, Journal

Wireless World and Radio
Review

In addition to this list there are available the year
books of various universities and publications of university
technical societies, besides recent government and special
reports on engineering matters.

In view of the large amount of space being taken by
the photographs of past-presidents, it is recommended
that the frames containing photographs of presidents
be reduced to approximately one quarter the present
size.

Particular attention is directed to the presentation to
The Institute by W. L. Scott, m.e.i.c, of a steel engraving
of Robert Stephenson.

The library of The Institute has received many con-
tributions during the past year, all of which are gratefully
acknowledged. Lists of the books and publications
donated have been published from month to month in
The Journal and may be found on pages 104, 214, 304,
346, 374, 420, 472, 518 and 562 of volume VI.

In addition the following donations are acknowledged
with thanks: —

Presented by T. J. McMinn, M.E.I.C.

A Treatise on Waterworks for Conveying and Distributing Supplies
of Water, by Charles Storrow, published in 1835.

Presented by the estate of the late William McNab, M.E.I.C.

Elementary Graphic Statics and the Construction of Trussed

Roofs, by N. Clifford Ricker.
The Forth Bridge, reprinted from Engineering, February 28th,

1890.

Presented by the estate of the late Herbert Wallis, M.E.I.C.

Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

Proceedings — 1868-1914.

General Index to Proceedings — 1847-1910 (2 volumes).

Journals — 1914-1922.

Library Catalogue — 1887.
Institution of Civil Engineers.

Proceedings — Volumes 59-212. (1880-1921).

Index to Proceedings — Volumes 1 to 170 (3 volumes).

Name index — ■ Volumes 1 to 58.

Presidential addresses for the years 1896-1919.

Reports of the Commission of Conservation.

Annual reports Nos. 1 to 10.

Altitudes in Canada.

Forests of British Columbia.

Sea Fisheries in Eastern Canada.

Lands, Fisheries and Game, Minerals — 1911.

Water Powers of Canada — 1911.

Trent Watershed Survey.

Fire Waste in Canada.

Water Works and Sewage Systems.

Forest Protection in Canada — • 1913-1914.

Fur Fanning in Canada.

Long Sault Rapids — St. Lawrence River.

Water Powers of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.

Forest Conditions of Nova Scotia.

Water Works of Canada.

The Canadian Oyster.

Conservation of Coal in Canada.

Respectfully submitted,

J. A. DUCHASTEL, M.E.I.C.

Chairman.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Finance Committee

The President and Council,

In presenting the financial statement of the year
nineteen twenty-three your committee takes pleasure in
reporting a favourable balance on the year's operations.
Early in the year a budget was prepared with a view to
controlling operating expenses, this budget being main-
tained throughout the year.

The arrears of fees collected were approximately nine
hundred dollars more than a year ago, but the entrance
fees were almost two thousand dollars less. This, however
had been anticipated in the budget. Current fees were
estimated at twenty-seven thousand dollars, the amount
collected being within one half of one per cent of that
amount. An amount of seven hundred dollars has been
written off for bad debts, and a reserve of five hundred
dollars deducted from the accounts receivable of The
Journal. In addition to branch rebates of six thousand, one
hundred and twenty- four dollars, the branches have
received through branch news and commission the sum

of one thousand, two hundred and seventy-five dollars
and thirty-three cents.

Victory Bonds to the value of four thousand dollars
were purchased at a slight premium with money taken
from current revenue, these bonds being in the custody of
the treasurer, in accordance with a previously decided
policy to set aside all entrance fees and life memberships
to pay off the mortgage on the headquarters building.

Your committee urges the strictest economy in operat-
ing The Institute, keeping in view the object of making
it of the greatest usefulness to the branches and the indi-
vidual. The Institute is not in a financial condition yet
to incur any extraordinary expenditures, and in view of
the additional rebates which will be received by the bran-
ches next year, The Institute finances will require very
close supervision.

Respectfully submitted,
F. P. Shearwood, m.e.i.c, Chairman.
Alex. Bertram, m.e.i.c, Treasurer.

STATEMENT OF ASSETS

Assets
Property Account $ 89,041.64

Furniture:

Balance at 1st Jan. 1923.
Additions during year. . .

Less 10% depreciation. . .
Library:

Estimated value of books .
Less 10% depreciation. . .

Stationery on hand, as per inventory

Gold medal

Investments:

Canada Permanent Mortgage Corpora-
tion stock, 20 shares par value
$10.00 each

Montreal Light, Heat & Power Con-
solidated stock, 6 shares par value
$100.00 each

Accounts Receivable:

Journal

Advances to branches.
Sundry

Less Reserved for bad and doubtful
accounts

Arrears of fees,
Cash:

estimated .

Canadian Bank of Commerce

Current account

Savings account

Petty cash on hand

Unexpired insurance

Special funds, as per schedule No. 1
attached:

Investments Victory Loan

Cash in savings bank accounts

3,954.40
95.50

4,049.90
404.99

5,127.30
512.73

AND LIABILITIES AS AT 31st, DECEMBER 1923

Liabilities

Mortgage on property:

Royal Institute for the Advancement

of Learning

Interest accrued to date

3,644.91

4,614.57
495.38

45.00

Accounts payable:

Sundry

Advances to branches .

20,000.00
233.33

605.61
1,524.22

Special funds:

As per schedule No. 1 attached .
Surplus account:

Balance at 1st January 1923

Less appropriated to mortgage fund.

$ 20,233.33

2,129.83

18,001.41

215.00

120.50

335.50

4,800.66
450.00
177.24

5,427.90

500.00

4,927.90
2,500.00

1,897.19

547.81
100.00

2,545.00
284.60

14,669.51
3,331.90

18,001.41

$126,435.91

Add surplus for year

Special contribution.

84,443.24
4,132.80

80,310.44

5,260.90

500.00

86,071.34

Montreal, 10th January, 1924.

Verified, as per our report of this date.
(Signed) Riddell, Stead, Graham & Hutchison, C.A.

Auditors.

$126,435.91

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Schedule No. 1 — Special Funds

Mortgage Fund

Balance at 1st January 1923 $8,136.71

Add Appropriation 4,132.80

Represented bv:

Victory bonds, par value $12,000.00

Cost price.... 12,269.51
Leonard Medal

Balance at 1st January 1923 $ 528.64

Paid for medal 30.00

498.64

Add Bond interest 27.50

Bank interest .94

Represented by: Victory bond .... $500.00
Balance in bank.. 27.08

$527.08
Plummer Medal

Balance at 1st January 1923.
Paid for engraving medal —

$ 504.03
5.42

$ 498.61

$12,269.51

527.08

Forward $ 498.61

Add Bond interest 27.50

Bank interest .31

Represented by: Victory bond .... $500.00
Balance in bank . . 26.42

$526.42
Ptizc Fund

Balance at 1st January 1923 $497.09

Add bank interest 15.01

Represented by: Balance in bank. $512.10

Fund for Relief of Members' Families

Balance at 1st January 1923 $1,558.97

Add Bond interest 77.00

Bank interest 5.26

Represented by: Victory bond. . . .
Balance in bank .

$1,400.00
241.23

$1,6-41.23
Past President's Fund

Past President's Fund

Represented by: Balance in bank . $2,525.07

$ 526.42

512.10

1,641.23

2,525.07
$18,001.41

STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER 1923

Revenue

Membership fees:

Arrears

Current

Advance

Entrance

Life

Building expense:

Expenditure

Interest:

On overdue fees

On victory bonds

On savings bank account .

Dividends:

Canada Permanent Mortgage Corpora-
tion stock

Montreal Light, Heat & Power Com-
pany stock

Journal:

Revenue

4,458.68
26,890.29

492.83
3,215.60

300.00

415.10

550.00

88.97

24.00
36.00

$35,357.40

Interest on mortgage

Taxes

Water rates

Fuel

Insurance

Light and gas

Caretaker — wages and service .
Repairs and expense

1 054.07 Office expense:

Year Book

Rent of hall

Certificates

Badges

Bad debts recovered.
Sundry revenue

60.00

36,035.25

1,209.50

640.00

262.75

18.99

182.69

2.78

Salaries, secretary and office staff .

Office supplies and stationery

Postage and telegrams ,

Auditors' fees

Telephone

Messengers and express ,

Miscellaneous expense

Legal expense

Publications:

Transactions.
Journal

$ 74,823.43

General expense:

Annual and professional meetings
expense

Travelling expense, secretary

Branch stationery

Students' prizes

Library expenses and magazines

10% written off furniture

10% written off books

Bank exchange and discounts

Committee expenses

Bad debts written off

Examination expense

Special donation

Grant, Canadian Engineering Standard
1922-23

Rebates to branches:

As per schedule No. 2 attached

Balance — Excess of revenue over expend-
iture for the year ended 31st, December
1923

Montreal, 10th January, 1924.

Verified :
(Signed) Riddell, Stead, Graham & Hutchison, C.A.

Auditors.

1,400.00
1,494.11

203.70

913.00
88.65

290.12
1,210.25

314.48

13,431.59

1,668.83

1,709.22

200.00

254.60

43.21

333.86

20.00

4,285.28
29,433.79

1,166.31
1,298.00
256.18
100.00
740.79
404.99
512.73
173.69
142.08
699.06
35.00
225.00

400.00

$ 5,914.31

17,661.31

33,719.07

6,153.83

6,114.01

5,260.90
$ 74,823.43

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Legislation and By-Laws Committee

The President and Council,

Your committee has already reported suggesting
amendments to the by-laws, published in the December
issue of The Engineering Journal, page five hundred and
forty. The proposed amendments are as follows: —

Section 12. Amend to read: —

The officers of The Institute shall be a president, five vice-presidents,
one councillor from each branch having less than two hundred corporate
members, two councillors from each branch having two hundred and
less than four hundred corporate members, three councillors from
each branch having four hundred corporate members, and an additional
councillor from each branch for each two hundred corporate members
over four hundred.

Section 13. Amend the first paragraph to read: —

The term of office of the president shall be one year, of the vice-
presidents two years, and of the councillors one year, except in the
case of councillors representing branches entitled to two or more
councillors. The term of office for such councillors shall be two years
for those representing branches entitled to two councillors, and three
years for those representing branches entitled to three or more coun-
cillors. At least one councillor shall be elected each year from each
branch.

Section 18. Add under list of standing committees: —

An engineering sections committee.

Replace paragraph four, section 18, by paragraphs one
and two, section 24: —

The council at any time, may appoint special committees to
report upon engineering subjects or upon other matters of interest
to The Institute. The annual general meeting may recommend to
the council the appointment of special committees, and such recom-
mendations shall be considered by the council at the first meeting
following the annual general meeting.

Special committees shall perform their duties under the supervision
of the council, and shall report to the council.

Section 21. First paragraph, fourth line, change the word "meeting"
to "meetings".

Section 22. Replace the third paragraph by the following: —

The right of prior publication of all papers accepted to be read
at a branch or professional meeting is reserved by The Institute. Any
such paper not accepted for publication shall be returned promptly
to the author. No paper shall be considered eligible for any of the
prizes of The Institute, which has been published elsewhere prior to
its publication by The Institute, unless published with the consent
and approval of the publications committee, officially transmitted by
the secretary.

Section 24. (New section.) Engineering Sections Committee.

The engineering sections committee shall be composed of a
chairman who is a member of council, and a representative from each
branch. This committee shall promote the establishment, of sections
corresponding to any of the recognized branches of the engineering
profession, such as chemical, civil, electrical, mechanical, mining,
hydraulic, railway, industrial, highway, municipal and structural, in
the various branches of The Institute.

This committee shall be responsible for the formation and con-
tinuation of sections in The Institute corresponding to any of the
generally recognized branches of the engineering profession by correlat-
ing and co-ordinating into Institute sections, similar sections of the
various branches, with such officers and activities as the council may
from time to time approve.

It shall encourage and promote the exchange of papers between
similar sections of the various branches, and shall assist the papers
committee in securing papers for professional meetings.

Section 25. (Newly numbered section.) Adoption of Specifications

(This appeared as paragraph (b) under section twenty-four)

Renumbering of sections. Renumber all sections thereafter, changing
present section twenty-five to twenty-six.

Change first sentence to read: —

Immediately upon receipt of an application the secretary shall
forward copies of all papers and correspondence in connection there-
with to the secretary of the branch, if any, to which the applicant
belongs.

Section 38. Delete the words, "except as provided in by-law 41".
Section 39. Amend to read: —

At the time of his election a corporate member may compound all
future annual fees by a single payment of two hundred and fifty dollars.
A corporate member in good standing after ten years of corporate mem-
bership may compound his future annual fees by a single payment of
one hundred and fifty dollars, and after fifteen years of corporate mem-
bership by a single. payment of one hundred dollars. The money thus
received shall be invested and only the income thereof used for the
current expenses of The Institute. Should an Associate Member
compound his fees, he shall be subject to section 26 as regards transfer,
and shall also be required to pay a transfer fee.

Section 53. Add the words "and Juniors" after" corporate members",
six words from the end.

Section 66. Add: —

Vacancies in the nominating committee as announced at the
annual general meeting shall be filled by council from the nomination
or nominations submitted by the branch in which the vacancies occur.

Section 67. Amend paragraph four to read: —

The officers' ballot shall be forwarded by the nominating com-
mittee to reach headquarters not later than the fifteenth day of Septem-
ber, for presentation to council at a meeting to be held not later than
the thirtieth day of September, and should be accompanied by a letter
of acceptance of nomination from each nominee.

Amend paragraph five to read: —
The council shall examine the officers' ballot submitted by the
nominating committee. If the council find a nominee ineligible for the
office for which he is nominated, or should the consent in writing of a
nominee to appear on the officers' ballot not be furnished before the
first meeting of council in October, or should any nominee after such
consent withdraw his name, such name shall be deleted, and the council
shall substitute another name therefor. The words "Proposed by
Nominating Committee" and "Proposed by Council" shall be printed
conspicuously on the ballot, to indicate the manner of nomination of
all nominees.

Section 68. Amend first paragraph to read: —

Not later than the seventh day of November, the secretary s.hall
mail to each corporate member of The Institute the officers' ballot, as
prepared by the nominating committee and the council.

Your committee recommends that a special committee
be appointed by the incoming Council to study the branch
by-laws with a view to drafting a new set of branch by-
laws which would serve as a model for all branches

Respectfully submitted,

Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c.

Chairman.

Section 27. New title:
or for Transfer.

Consideration of Applications for Admission

Board of Examiners and Education
Committee

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Board of Examiners and Education
I beg to present the following report for the year 1923: —

Four candidates presented themselves for examination
under schedules B and C, with the results indicated in the
following table.

Number
Schedule examined Passed Failed

B 4 13

C electrical engineering 1 1

C highway engineering 1 1

C railway engineering 1 1

C structural engineering 1 1

Total examinations 8 5 3

Respectfully submitted,

H. M. MacKay, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Students' Prizes Committee

The President and Council,

Your committee has examined eight papers submitted
by Student members for consideration in connection with
the award of students' prizes.

The general standard of all eight papers is com-
paratively low, none of them being rated at more than
about 70 per cent, based on the usual methods of exam-
ination. The four best papers presented are as follows,
in the order of merit:

"The Acid Plant, its Function and Operation in the
Sulphite Mill," by W. H. Barnes, S.E.i.c;

"Water Purification," by C. P. Reaper, s.e.i.c;

"Local Transportation on Rails," by J. R. Dunbar,
jr.E.i.c;

"Hoisting Machinery," by G. M. Dick, s.e.i.c.

Mr. Barnes' paper may be classified in the chemical
section, Mr. Reaper's in the general or civil section,
Mr. Dunlop's in the mechanical or railway section, and
Mr. Dick's in the mechanical or mining section, being
more mechanical than mining. While the committee
feels that the standard of all the papers is comparatively
low, the concensus of opinion is that it might be well
to grant the above four prizes in order to stimulate
interest amongst the younger members, and the com-
mittee therefore suggests that council give this matter
their consideration.

Respectfully submitted,

Frederick B. Brown, Chairman.

Council approved of the award of four student prizes
to those named in the report.

Publications Committee

The President and Council,

Your committee on Publications was not called upon
to perform any arduous duties during the past year,
although on several occasions advice was given to the
secretary regarding the publication of papers presented.

In reviewing the situation for the past year it is felt
that while numerous papers were presented there were
but few of such outstanding merit as to warrant being
preserved in Institute transactions.

Your committee recommends that the following
papers be preserved for the transactions of The Institute:

Title

Author

1. Principles of Three- Wire Distribution for

Electric Railways W. N. Smith, M.E.I.C.

2. Irrigation in British Columbia E. A. Cleveland, m.e.i.c.

3. Automatic Box Car Unloaders for Grain F. Newell, M.E.I.C.

4. Principles and Practice for Valuation of

Public Utilities R. A. C. Henry, m.ei.c.

5. Power Factor W. G. H. Cam, a.m.e.i.c.

6. Electrons, Atoms and the Ether W. B. Cartmel, m.e.i.c.

7. Relay Protection for Radial Transmission

and Distribution Systems P. Ackerman, A.M.E.I.C

8. The Cost of Industrial Power J. A. Burnett, m.e.i.c

9. The Design and Economics of City

Refuse Destructors F. A. Combe, m.e.i.c

10. Self-corrosion of Buried Lead Pipes J. W. Shipley and

W. N. Smith, M.E.I.C

11. Improvements to Moncton Yard and

Engine Facilities S. B. Wass, a.m.e.i.c

12. Railway Electrification A. L. Mudge, a.m.e.i.c

13. Advantages to be Gained from Pulveriz-

ing Canadian Fuels H. D. Savage.

Respectfully submitted,

Frederick B. Brown, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

Cape Breton Branch

St. John Branch

Moncton Branch. . .
Saguenay Branch. .

Quebec Branch

Montreal Branch. . .

Ottawa Branch

Peterborough Branch.
Kingston Branch. . .

Toronto Branch

Hamilton Branch. .
London Branch ....

Code of Ethics

The President and Council,

Your committee's report on the proposed Code of
Ethics was published on page five hundred and forty-seven
of The Journal, December, nineteen twenty-three.
Respectfully submitted,

Frederick B. Brown, m.e.i.c.
F. P. Shearwood, m.e.i.c.

Nominating Committee — 1924

The following nominations to the Nominating
Committee for the year 1924 have been made by the
various branches, have been noted by Council, and are
herewith presented to be announced at the annual meeting
in accordance with the by-laws.
Halifax Branch. . . . .0. S. Cox, a.m.e.i.c.

. A. P. Theuerkauf, m.e.i.c.

. .S. C. Webb, a.m.e.i.c.

. . J. D. McBeath, m.e.i.c.

. H. G. Cochrane, a.m.e.i.c.

. A. B. Normandin, a.m.e.i.c.

. .D. C. Tennant, m.e.i.c.

. .Alex. Ferguson, m.e.i.c.

. B. L. Barns, a.m.e.i.c.

. L. T. Rutledge, m.e.i.c.

. J. M. Oxley, m.e.i.c.

. C. H. Marrs, m.e.i.c.

. H. A. Brazier, m.e.i.c.
Niagara Peninsula Branch. .A. C. D. Blanchard, m.e.i.c.

Border Cities Branch F. P. Flett, a.m.e.i.c.

Sault Ste. Marie Branch.. . . J. W. LeB. Ross, m.e.i.c.

Winnipeg Branch J. N. Finlayson, m.e.i.c.

Saskatchewan Branch A. C. Garner, m.e.i.c.

Lethbridge Branch John Dow, m.e.i.c.

Edmonton Branch R. J. Gibb, m.e.i.c.

Calgary Branch A. S. Dawson, m.e.i.c.

Vancouver Branch Wm. Smaill, m.e.i.c.

Victoria Branch Patrick Philip, m.e.i.c.

Papers Committee

The President and Council,

Your Papers Committee's activities during the past
year have been mainly confined to following out the
policy and adopting the suggestions of last year's com-
mittee in assisting the branches to secure papers.

Reprints of meritorious papers have from time to
time been sent to smaller branches in order that they
might be discussed and the branch get the benefit of
having the printed paper before them.

Through the co-operation of the Council we have
been enabled to supply speakers at a number of the
branches, and assisted the general professional meeting
of the maritime provinces by arranging for a special
address from a Montreal member.

Arrangements have been concluded whereby the
maritime branches are to have an address from Doctor
Howard T. Barnes, an eminent authority on ice forma-
tion, who is scheduled to visit the branches in New
Brunswick and Nova Scotia early in the new year.

It is believed that this policy can be enlarged upon
to the extent that branches will exchange speakers and
thus draw them into a closer bond of union.
Respectfully submitted,
Chas. M. McKergow, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Fuel Committee

The President and Council,

On behalf of the chairman and members of the Fuel
Committee of The Institute, I submit the following brief
progress report:

The Fuel Committee of The Institute was constituted
by Council on April 23rd, 1923, with 12 members, and
power to add to their number was given. There are
to-day 24 members as follows —

F. A. Combe, m.e.i.c, chairman; R. W. Augus,
m.e.i. c, M. J. Butler, m.e.i.c, C. V. Corless, m.e.i.c,
J. R. Donald, a.m.e.i.c, J. T. Farmer, m.e.i.c, Walter J.
Francis, m.e.i.c (ex-officio),F. W. Gray, a.m.e.i.c, A. R.
Greig, m.e.i.c, B. F. Haanel, m.e.i.c, R. A. C. Henry,
m.e.i.c, Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c, A. D. LePan, a.m.e.i.c,
G. C. Mackenzie, m.e.i.c, C. A. Magrath, m.e.i.c, E. V.
Moore, m.e.i.c, James McEvoy, m.e.i.c, G. D. Mac-
dougall, m.e.i.c, D. H. McDougall, m.e.i.c,G. R. Pratt,
a.m.e.i.c, C. A. Robb, m.e.i.c, R. A. Ross, m.e.i.c, J. A.
Shaw, m.e.i.c, F. L. Wanklyn, m.e.i.c, R. S. L. Wilson,
a.m.e.i.c, Lesslie R. Thomson, m.e.i.c, secretary.

Shortly after the constitution of the committee a
meeting was called in Montreal on May 31st, 1922, of
representatives of the Fuel Committee, representatives
of the Dominion Fuel Board, and representatives of The
Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy in order
that a free discussion might indicate the most likely
channels through which The Institute's Fuel Committee
might co-operate with the represented bodies, concerned
in the solution of the general Canadian fuel problem.

Soon after this, several circulars were sent to all
members of The Institute's Fuel Committee with the
object of:

(a) Obtaining the views of each one as to proper

course of action to pursue

(b) Crystallizing, if possible, the specific objective

of The Institute's Fuel Committee

Montreal with representatives of the whole
committee, in order to discuss, and formulate
a final report.
All the replies received to the circulars were digested
and re-circulated to the members of the committee. The
following formula was ultimately agreed upon as expressing
most clearly the opinion of the majority of the members
of the Fuel Committee regarding their special objectives: — ■
The General Fuel Committee of The Engineering
Institute of Canada will concern itself solely with the
sources, production, transportation and distribution
of fuels to the various parts of Canada as a whole.
In addition it was agreed to suggest to the branch
fuel committees that they should concern themselves with:
The economical utilization of the different fuels
available in each locality, and to educational cam-
paigns regarding proper use of heating equipment and
domestic fuel, for the benefit of the householder.
In order also to reach a basis of discussion on fuel
policy, a special review of the Canadian fuel problem was
prepared and submitted for criticisms to the Montreal
members. After revising in accordance with their sugges-
tions, this "Fuel Review" was issued on November 7th, 1923,
to all members of the committee with the request that
it be subjected to a very close scrutiny and criticism. It
is hoped that this Fuel Review may form the basis of the
final written report of the committee to Council.

_ Your committee is engaged at present in digesting the
criticisms of this review as received from the members,
and also in laying plans for a meeting of representatives
of the committee to be held in the near future in Montreal.
As the cost of this meeting is to be defrayed in part by
Council, the committee wishes to record its thanks and
appreciation for the assistance thus rendered.

All of the foregoing is respectfully submitted.

Lesslie R. Thomson, m.e.i.c, Secretary.

Canadian Engineering Standards
Committee

The President and Council,

On behalf of the members nominated by the Council
on the Main Committee of the Canadian Engineering
Standards Association, I beg to submit the following report

General

The Engineering Institute of Canada's representatives
on the above committee are now:

Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c, retires March 1924
Sir Alex. Bertram, m.e.i.c, retires March 1925
Prof. C. J. McKenzie, m.e.i.c, retires March 1926
H. H. Vaughan, m.e.i.c, is chairman of the Associa-
tion, Sir Alex. Bertram, m.e.i.c, and D. H. McDougall,
m.e.i.c, are vice-chairmen, and a very large number of
members of the Main Committee and of the various
working committees, are members of The Engineering
Institute of Canada.

The number of members of the Association is now over
300 and the work is being carried on by 13 sectional
committees and 32 sub-committees and panels.

Publications

During the past year the following publications have
been issued:—

No. G8-1923, Standard General Specification for
Commercial Bar Steel.

No. A9-1923, Standard Specifications for Reinforcing
Materials for Concrete.

No. C10-1923 Standard Specification for Regular
Tungsten Incandescent Lamps.

It is expected that specifications for Wire Strand,
Watthour Meters, Wood Poles for Transmission Lines,
Concrete Poles, and Railway Fences and Gates, will be
among those to be published shortly.

Work in Progress

The following notes give an outline of the work of
some of the more active committees up to October 31st,
1923.

Movable Bridges

Work is being continued on the Draft Specification
for Movable Bridges, and it is hoped that this document
will very shortly be ready for criticism by the Sectional
Committee.

Concrete Poles

A Draft Specification for Concrete Poles for Trans-
mission Lines has been drawn up, considered by the com-
mittee, and circulated for further criticism.

Concrete and Reinforced Concrete

The various panels of this sub-committee have made
substantial progress; the draft report of the Panel on Con-
struction and Design is now ready for circulation and
criticism by the sub-committee.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

it it

a it

a a

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a it

a a

Road Materials and Construction

Satisfactory progress has been made with the organ-
ization of the various sub-committees of this sectional
committee, which are now as follows:
Sub-Committee A Road and Bridge Foundations and
Sub-Grade Preparation.

Earth Roads.

Gravel, Sand & Clay Roads.

Broken Stone Roads

Bituminous Roads

Concrete Roads

Block Pavements

Road Structures (less Bridges).
A preliminary report has already been received from Sub-
Committee G, and is being circulated for comment.

Screw Threads
The committee has been in communication with the
B.E.S.A., and the A.E.S.C., with a view of initiating dis-
cussions as to the possibility of such modification in the
screw thread standards of the two countries as might
eventually lead to practical interchangeability of thread
work.

Steel Structures for Buildings
A sub-committee is being organized for the purpose
of drawing up a C.E.S.A., Specification for Steel Structures
for Buildings. This specification will deal with steel
construction for buildings in the same way that the C.E.S.
A., Bridge Specifications treat of Steel bridge construction.
It is hoped that such a document would serve as a model
for, and may eventually be adopted by local building
authorities in the formulation of their city building by-
laws. A specification of this nature has been drawn up
in the United States by the American Institute of Steel
Construction and the subject is also receiving consider-
able attention from the American Society of Civil Engin-
eers.

Wire Strand

Through the kindness of the Steel Company of
Canada, a very complete series of tests has been made on
samples of strand, made up in accordance with the draft
specification. The draft specification is now almost in
its final form and in being criticized in the light of the
results of the tests in question.

Watthour Meters

The draft of this report is well advanced and final
amendments are under discussion.

Canadian Electrical Code

After considerable but unavoidable delay, the con-
ference on a Canadian Electrical Code, to which invita-
tions were issued by the Minister of Trade and Commerce,
took place in Ottawa on May 22nd, and 23rd, and while
it was not possible to arrange for the attendance of re-
presentatives from all of the nine provinces, the interests
of Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia were taken
care of. As a result of the conference, it was agreed to
recommend that a committee, to be called the "C.E.S.A.
Committee on Canadian Electrical Code" should be
formed, on which the provincial, municipal and other
interests concerned should be represented; that this
committee should have power to obtain representation
from any interests which may be found desirable, and
that it should take any measures necessary to secure the
co-operation of municipal and other authorities concerned.
The conference further recommended that this committee
be composed of nominees of the following:

The nine Provincial Governments

The Dominion Government Departments of Public
Works and Insurance

The Board of Railway Commissioners for Canada
The Engineering Institute of Canada
The Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
Canadian Manufacturers Association
Electrical Supply Manufacturers Association
Electrical Contractor- Dealers Association
The several Canadian Fire Underwriters' Associations
Canadian National Railways
Canadian Pacific Railway.
It was further recommended that the chairman of the
proposed C.E.S.A., Committee on the Canadian Elec-
trical Code would appoint the necessary sub-committees
to draft proposals for: —

(a) Specifications for testing and approval of elec-
trical material, devices and fittings.

(b) Rules for installation and maintenance of elec-
trical equipment.

The Main Committee has approved of these recom-
mendations and the organization is proceeding, while
information is being collected regarding the rules now in
force in various parts and cities of the Dominion.

It is gratifying to note that Nova Scotia and Manitoba
Governments have now joined in the movement.

Traffic Signals for Highways

The work of this sectional committee has been divided
among three sub-committees:

A. Signals on level crossing of Steam and Electric

Railways.

B. Signals on Vehicles.

C. Signals on Highways other than those at Level
Crossings.

George Mountain, m.e.i.c, chief engineer, Board of
Railway Commissioners, is chairman of Sub-Committee A.
G. C. Parker, a.m.e.i.c, departmental secretary, Depart-
ment of Public Highways,Toronto, is chairman of Sub-Com-
mittee B, and Professor A. T. Laing, Dept. of Highway
Engineering, University of Toronto, will preside over
Sub-Committee C. The membership of these sub-com-
mittees is now being arranged. Co-operation with the
similar committee of the American Engineering Standards
Committee, has been arranged for.

Gasoline and Lubricating Oils

The interim report on this subject has been approved
for publication.

Sectional Committee on Aircraft Parts

During the past six months, the various parts of the
A..E.S.C, Aeronautical Safety Code, when issued in draft
form, have been forwarded to the C.E.S.A., for comment
and criticism. They have been laid before members of
our Sectional Committee on Aircraft Parts for this purpose,
and the resulting suggestions have been forwarded to the
A.E.S.C. Railway Fences and Gates

Draft specifications have been sent out to all members
of the sub-committee, and comments are now being
received. Gast Iron pipe

The Sub-Committee on Cast Iron Pipe has been
organized, has held its first meeting, and a preliminary
draft specification is being prepared.

Commercial Bar Steel

The specification prepared by the Sub-Committee
on Commercial Bar Steel was published in June. This
specification covers the ordinary grades of commercial
bar steel as handled by jobbers and employed for general
purposes.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Agricultural Machine Parts

Information has been received through the Canadian
Manufacturers Association, indicating that some further
progress has been made in connection with the adoption
by agricultural machinery manufacturers, of uniform
standards for carriage bolts, machine bolts, plow bolts,
and nuts for the same. Movement along these lines has
also been taking place in the United States and information
regarding the Canadian work has been furnished to the
A.E.S.C.

Co-operation

A sectional committee organized by the A.E.S.C,
is about to consider a revision of the American Standard
Specification for Fire Tests of Materials and Construction,
this having been originally published by the American
Society for Testing Materials as their standard. When
this question was discussed in the United States in 1916.
the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers was represented
upon the committee, and as a request for co-operation in
the revision has been received, the Council of The Institute
has been requested to suggest the name of a representative
and has nominated J. Penrose Anglin, m.e.i.c. for this
position. It is hoped in this way to arrive at a revised
specification which will be substantially acceptable in this
country as well as in the United States.

Finance

The expenditure of the Association has grown with its
work and an appeal for funds to commercial and technical
firms and organizations will shortly be made.

The Minister of Trade and Commerce has kindly
placed in the estimates a credit of $10,000.00 to carry
on this work.

The demands for a thorough standardization of
materials has grown rapidly in the past two years. This
calls for increased expenditure on the part of the Standards
Association to meet these demands. I would therefore
call upon all members of The Institute who are associated
with the leading manufacturing industries in Canada to
use their influence to see that additional support be
given the Association to meet their requirements. A
circular letter is being issued by the secretary of the
Association making this appeal to their generosity.
Such action on the part of The Institute will appeal to
the public and place us in a position to carry on this
important work in a more effective manner.

Respectfully submitted,

Alex. Bertram, m.e.i.c. Vice-President.

Canadian National Committee of Internat-
ional Electro-Technical Commission

The President and Council,

The report of the meeting of the Advisory Committee
on Rating of Electrical Machinery, held at Geneva in
November, 1922, was received in March. Advantage had
been taken of the presence of so many delegates to arrange
at the same time for meetings of the advisory committees
on symbols, standard pressures, overhead transmission,
and screw lamp caps and holders, which reports have
also come to hand for consideration.

In June an interesting report was received from the
general secretary describing his visit to Petrograd and
Moscow.

In October the second session of the International
Conference on High Tension Transmission was held in
Paris to consider and collate the information obtained
in answer to the extensive Belgian questionnaire circulated
early in the year.

A plenary meeting of the I.E.C., was planned to be
held in Rome in December and a programme had been
prepared and circulated when it was unavoidably post-
poned until next year.

However, a council meeting was held in Paris on
December 3rd, at which a plan was worked out to avoid
unnecessary delay in the adoption and publication of
unanimously accepted reports of advisory committees
when no plenary meeting was in view.

Early in the year the members of the Canadian
National Committee received copies of the special number
of the "Revue Generate de l'Electricite" published in
connection with the celebration of the centenary of the
discoveries of Ampere.

In November the British proposals for high pressure
tests for insulators were circulated.

During the year the I.E.C., had to mourn the loss
by death of M. Maurice Leblanc, past-president, who
passed away suddenly in Paris on October 27th, in his
sixty-sixth year.

Respectfully submitted,

L. A. Herdt, m.e.i.c, President,
H. A. Dupre, Secretary,

Canadian National Committee, I.E.C.

Committee on Uniform Steam Boiler
Specifications

The President and Council,

The work now before your committee on Uniform
Boiler Specifications is to have the provinces of Quebec,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island
adopt the interprovinical rules now in use in the remaining
provinces of the Dominion.

In regard to Quebec, while no formal steps have been
taken by the government towards adopting them, copies
of the rules have been placed in the hands of interested
officials and interviews had with others indicate that the
question is being considered with interest.

In Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, D. W. Robb,
m.e.i.c, a member of your committee is still actively
engaged in interviewing members of the government
and has been assured that the question will receive consi-
deration in the near future.

It appears that there is no way to force this issue and
best results may be obtained by patiently and persistently
keeping before the governments the advisibility of adopt-
ing these rules.

Respectfully submitted,

L. M. Arkley, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

Committee on Classification and
Remuneration

The report of the committee on Classification and
Remuneration was published in the October 1923 issue of
The Journal, page 461.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Honour Roll and War Trophies Committee

The President and Council,

After giving very serious consideration to the ques-
tion of a memorial to those who served overseas, your
committee has come to the conclusion and recommends
that a bronze tablet be erected in The Institute head-
quarters in honour of those who fell, and also a record in
bronze be prepared containing the names of all who served
overseas, it being anticipated that such memorials would
cost between four and five thousand dollars. Your
committee further recommends that the money be raised
by popular subscription from the members of The
Institute, with the suggestion of a maximum subscription
of ten dollars.

Should the above proposal be approved it is further
recommended that competitive designs be called for from
members of The Engineering Institute of Canada, and
that a prize of say one hundred and fifty dollars be awarded
to the successful designer of the tablet to those who fell,
and one hundred dollars to the designer of the tablet to
those who served.

Respectfully submitted,

C. J. Armstrong, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

Past Presidents' Prize Fund

The President and Council,

Enclosed herewith is a cheque in favour of The
Engineering Institute of Canada to the amount of twenty-
five hundred and twenty-five dollars and seven cents,
being the amount subscribed by the past-presidents for
the purpose of establishing a Past-Presidents' Prize Fund.

Although Mr. Phelps Johnson, who originated the
idea, suggests a special gold badge, a design of which
accompanies this report, the question as to the form of
the prize is left open to those administering the fund.
Regulations drafted by Mr. Johnson and concurred in
by the three immediate past-presidents, Messrs. R. A.
Ross and J. G. Sullivan and the writer, are attached:
Proposed Regulations

This fund established in nineteen twenty-three by
contributions of the then living past-presidents may be
added to by future past-presidents who wish to contri-
bute to it.

The fund shall be administered by three immediate
past presidents of any year.

The administrators may award each year from the
income of the fund, prizes of such nature and in such
number as they consider advisable to the authors of
papers on engineering or economic subjects submitted
by corporate members, juniors, students or affiliates of
The Institute, and first disclosed to headquarters or to
a branch of The Institute.

Rules effective for 1923-1924

The year for which the prizes are awarded shall
be from July first to June thirtieth, but the first
award is to cover the full year nineteen twenty-three
and to June thirtieth nineteen twenty-four.

Papers in competition for the prizes shall be
judged by a committee of members of The Institute
appointed by the Council.

Papers eligible in competition to be the bona fide
work of the contributors and must not have been made
public before submission to The Institute.

The award of prizes shall be announced at annual
meetings of The Institute.

Signed on behalf of the Past-Presidents' Prize Fund,
J. M. R. Fairbairn, m.e.i.c.

Committee on Deterioration of Concrete
in Alkali Soils

The President and Council,

The annual report of our committe last year contained
a complete review of the organization, objects and early
activities of the committee, and any members who may
be interested are referred to the report which was published
in full in the February issue of The Journal for 1923. This
year a brief progress report is presented covering the
general activities of the year just passed.

Examination of the test specimens in the field has
been carried out, and some new blocks installed but our
main efforts have been confined to the chemical research,
in which field much work has been done and results obtain-
ed which we have every confidence will make a valuable
contribution to science generally and especially towards
an understanding and solution of the problem on which
we are engaged.

The financial situation as will be seen from the attach-
ed statement is very satisfactory and we have now suffi-
cient funds in the bank to enable us to carry on the research
for at least two more years.

Field Work during 1923

No extensive field work has been undertaken since
the original installation of test specimens in the fall of
1921. Additional specimens have been made and in-
stalled from time to time as new compounds and treat-
ments which might have merit in prolonging the life of
concrete have been brought to the attention of members
of the committee. Specimens containing each material
have been installed at each of the three exposure sites,
Cassils, Alta., Grandora, Sask.., and Deacon, Man.

Yearly inspections have been made of the condition
of the blocks at each site and samples of the alkaline ground
water to which the specimens are exposed have been
secured for analysis. While some cases of partial and
complete disintegration have occurred it is yet too early
to attempt to draw definite conclusions as to the relative
durability of the different concretes. In general, those
concrete in which various integral waterproofing com-
pounds and so called alkali-proof compounds have been
employed have failed to show that there is any advantage
to be gained by using them, in fact most specimens so
treated show less resistance to the action of the salts in
the ground water than similar blocks that have not been
treated.

Chemical Work

Report by Dr. T. Thorvaldson, Director of the Chemical
Investigation.

Co-operation with the field experiments on blocks
has been continued, analyses being made from time to
time of the ground water from the experimental plots as
well as some of the waterproofings and integral compounds
used in the field work.

The work on the action of sulphate solutions on Port-
land cement, as mentioned in the last report, where in-
timate contact was effected by shaking the powdered
cement with various solutions has been discontinued for
the present as the interpretation of the results obtained
must depend largely on work with the individual substan-
ces present in cement. Further, satisfactory methods
for analyzing the solid phase after decomposition so as
to determine the quantity of each chemical substance

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

present, were not obtained. The work done on the
effect of hydrogenion concentration on disintegration of
cement has given some interesting results, and this method
is being used in all the series of experiments where appli-
cable. When large enough samples of the silicates and
aluminates contained in cement are obtained we intend
to carry on further work on eiectroendosmosis with mem-
branes of these substances in the pure state with the hope
of getting at the fundamental factors in the effect of
alkalinity on the deterioration of concrete.

The work on the effect of salt solutions on the con-
traction and expansion of mortars is still being continued
and promises to supply a method of connecting up the
microscopic work with the results on briquettes and bars.

The experiments on the pure constituents of Portland
cement have got well started. Small quantities of the
three compounds tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al 2 3 ),
tricalcium silicate (3CaO.Si0 2 ) and dicalcium silicate
(2CaO.Si0 2 ) have been prepared using very pure raw
materials. These raw materials were white marble,
containing 98.8 per cent CaC0 3 , as the source of calcium;
commercial flint, containing 99.5 per cent Si0 2 , as the
source of silica; and pure alumina made in the laboratory
from alum as the source of A1 2 3 .

The preparation of the three above mentioned com-
pounds involved from eight to ten heat treatments of
the mix, the furnace being held at the proper temperature
for a period of three or four hours. The resulting clinker
was withdrawn and suddenly cooled and then finely
ground. This process was continued until microscopic
examinations showed that the product was entirely
homogeneous, special tests being made to ensure the
entire absence of free lime.

First, a series of tests was made with the three con-
stituents of cement and solutions of sodium sulphate and
magnesium sulphate. All of the compounds were attacked
and decomposed, but the time required for the decompo-
sition varied, being greatest with the dicalcium silicate.
Samples of each of the compounds were hydrated and
two series of tests made with each of the hydrated consti-
tuents. One series was made with solutions of varying
concentration of sodium sulphate and one with solutions
of magnesium sulphate of similar strengths. All of these
hydrated compounds were decomposed by the sulfate
solutions, the progress of the decomposition being observed
with the petrographical microscope and a record kept
of the changes by means of photomicrographs. These
tests are not yet completed.

The aluminates present in the French high-alumina
cements are also being prepared and these will be studied
in the same way.

The writer took the opportunity given by a visit to
Toronto in May of this year to go to New York in order
to have a conference with the members of the Committee
of the National Research Council dealing with the deterio-
ration of cement in sea water. He spent a day in confe-
rence with Wm. G. Atwood, director of the committee,
and A. A. Johnson, assistant to the director. It is grati-
fying that the Committee of the National Research
Council has come to the same conclusion as your Committee
on Deterioration of Concrete came to several years ago,
namely, that the only reasonable method of attack is
to make an extended study of the fundamental reactions
of cement clinker and hydrated cement with salt solu-
tions. This makes their chemical problem identical
with ours as far as it is a laboratory problem. The Com-
mittee of the National Research Council has not progressed
further than to plan'their chemical work, but we look for-
ward to close co-operation when they begin their work.

Your chemical work has been carried on during the
year under the writer's supervision by the following:
G. R. Shelton, Ph.D., chemist and petrographer.
D. Wolochow, m.a. — until August 1st, 1923.
R. K. Lamour, B.Sc. — part time.
F. H. L. Taylor, B.Sc. — part time.
H. A. Woodward, b.sc. — part time.
A. D. Robinson — May to September inclusive.

Financial

The following summary of expenditures and receipts
as to December 1st, 1923, is submitted. A detailed
and itemized statement of expenditures to December 1st,

1922 was sent to the financial supporters of this
research last year and a further itemized statement of
all expenditures from December 1st, 1922 to December 1st,

1923 is being sent this year.

Total Expenditures to December 1st, 1923

Committee meetings, travelling

expenses. ." $ 1,628.66

Misc., telegrams, office ex-
penses, etc 353.85 $ 1,982.51

General

Physical
Tests

Travelling allowances and ex-
penses

Materials and special equip-
ment

Freight and cartage

Chemical Travelling expenses

Research Salaries

Materials and equipment .

$ 1,123.66

1,696.11
325.79

$ 278,45

13,828.72

4,517.90

Grand total

Total Receipts to December 1st, 1923

1923

Research Council

Canada Cement Company....

Saskatchewan

Alberta

Canadian Pacific Railway

City of Winnipeg

Interest on bank account

1921
$5,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
200

1922
$5,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
200

$ 5,000
3,000
3,000

1,000
300

$ 3,145.56

$18,625.07
$23,753.14

Total

$15,000.00

9,000.00

2,000.00

3,000.00

700.00

139.41

Total Receipts $38,839.41

Total Expenditures $23,753.14

Balance in bank $15,086.27

Expenditures Year Dec. 1st, 1922 to Dec. 1st, 1923

General $ 134.64

Physical 22.18

Chemical Salaries $ 6,794.18

Materials 595.17 7,389.35

Total $ 7,546.17

From the above statements it will be seen that the
financial situation as far as the committee is concerned
is quite satisfactory. We have actually received the
third payments from all contributors with the exception
of the province of Alberta, who have intimated that
owing to the stringency of their financial affairs that it
would be impossible for them to make their third payment.

On the other hand the city of Winnipeg very generous-
ly increased their contribution this year by 50 per cent.

The expenditures for the past year as will be noted
were expended almost entirely on the chemical work and
as salaries constituted the major portion, it will be seen
that on the present basis we have sufficient funds to con-
tinue our reserach for another two years without further
contributions.

All of which is respectfully submitted,

C. J. Mackenzie, m.e.i.c, Chairman,

Committee on The Deterioration oj
Concrete in Alkali Soils.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Students' Activities Committee

The President and Council,

After careful study of the best methods of establish-
ing closer relations between The Institute and the students
at engineering colleges and schools with a view to bringing
the students ultimately into membership in The Institute,
your committee have the honour to report the following
conclusions : —

1. Any methods of propaganda among students
which would give universal success throughout
the whole of Canada must be of such a character
that they could be applied at certain of the larger
centres where The Institute has to contend with
competition from special engineering societies in
securing the membership of university students.

2. The interest to be taken by engineering
students in the affairs of The Institute must always
depend on the efforts of the branch of The Institute
where each engineering school is situated.

3. Any attempt to organize all the engineering
students of a college into a local branch or chapter
of The Institute would result in friction between
The Institute and other technical or semi-technical
organizations at larger branches such as mentioned
in paragraph No. 1.

It is therefore recommended: —

(a) That in each of the branches of The Insti-
tute where there are schools of engineering, a commit-
tee be appointed each year to organize and carry on
the best methods of advancing E.I.C. interests
among the students and that one or more representa-
tives of the students' own society be included in
said committee. It is also suggested that at least
one member of the faculty be included in the com-
mittee.

(b) Suggestions for assisting the students to
a closer interest would be:

Introducing students to older members of The
Institute.

Branch meetings at which students give papers
and can be invited to join in discussions.

Making it perfectly clear to all students at the
engineering school that they are cordially welcome
to attend meetings of the branch whether they are
Student members or not.

Offering from time to time to furnish speakers
from among members of The Institute to the students'
own society meetings where such a society exists.

The holding of informal smokers and similar
social meetings, inviting students not only to attend
but to contribute to the entertainment.

(c) That the aims, functions and general policy
of The Institute should be brought to the attention of
all students entering the engineering school, but the
more active propaganda with a view to membership
in The Institute should be confined to students in
the third and fourth years, and should be presented
by corporate members of The Engineering Institute
in consultation, as far as practicable, with members
of the Faculty who have first-hand acquaintance
with the individual students.

While this recommendation need not be rigidly adher-
ed to, it is felt that it would to some extent prevent the
joining of students who will afterwards drop out.

It is naturally understood that under varying local
conditions, the branch committee on student activities
will not always feel constrained to follow all of the recom-
mendations given above and will undoubtedly develop
other methods and means as result of experience.
Respectfully submitted,

Geo. R. MacLeod, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

Committee on Biographies

The President and Council,

Seven biographies of deceased engineers have already
been completed, seven others are in process of preparation;
authors are being sought for eight others. These memoirs
generally range in length from 2,000 to 4,000 words, but
some have exceeded this latter limit, the length having
been left to the discretion of the writer.

As a policy, the committee has endeavored to have
biographies of early engineers completed first. Those
of a more recent period should follow later.

Members of The Institute must remember that the
collection of authentic information respecting deceased
engineers is very often a slow and difficult undertaking,
and that with busy men, it means quite a sacrifice of time.
For that reason, the committee bespeaks the patience
of the membership of The Institute generally.

The publication in The Journal of The Institute of
the biographies already prepared is contemplated beginning
at an early date.

Respectfully submitted,

Peter Gillespie, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

Ontario Provincial Division

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Ontario Provincial Division, and in
pursuance of Institute by-law No. 63, the undersigned
beg to report that during last year it began to appear
that there scarcely seemed any advantage in keeping the
division actively functioning any longer, as substantially
all the objects for which it had been created were either
attained or in a fair way towards being accomplished.
In view of this the disbandment of the division was
discussed by those members of the executive who attended
the last annual meeting in Montreal, and subsequently
all the members were circularized as to their opinion
thereof.

The vote on the question was substantially unanimous
in favour of disbandment, and consequent thereon the
activities of the division ceased. We therefore now beg
to report this fact to you, and to advise that the division
is consequently no longer functioning, this of course
with the understanding that should it be found advisable
to revive it this could easily and quickly be done, as
provided for in section 58 of The Institute by-laws.

At the time the above vote was taken there was just
one question outstanding which might possibly be handled
by the division, this being a proposal by E. M. Proctor,
a.m.e.i.c, of Toronto, that representations might be
advantageously made as to certain desirable changes in the
Ontario Local Improvement Act. After considering the
matter it was decided that the best way would be to
appoint a committee to go into the question, and this
has accordingly been done, this committee consisting
of Mr. Proctor, who is chairman. Colonel W. H. Mag-
wood, m.e.i.c, of Cornwall, and W. C. Miller, a.m.e.i.c,
of St. Thomas, with power to add to their numbers. It
has been arranged that the committee will report to
the vice-president of The Institute resident in Ontario,
who at present is General C. H. Mitchell, m.e.i.c, of
Toronto.

On behalf of the Ontario Provincial Division,
W. H. Magwood, m.e.i.c, Chairman.
C. R. Young, m.e.i.c, Vice-Chairman.
A. B. Lambe, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Branch Reports

Border Cities Branch

The President and Council,

The executive of the Border Cities Branch begs to submit the
following annual report for the year ending December 31st, 1923.
Report of Chairman

It is gratifying to again report a distinct increase in membership
this year, entirely apart from the gain through the addition of non-
resident members. At the present time there is a resident branch
membership of 96 as compared with 77 a year ago and 56 in 1921.
Through the non-resident clause, 20 members have been added to the
roll. Of the resident members, there is a large percentage who may
be classified as "unavailable", but it has been a matter of some concern
to the executive that the increase in attendance has not kept pace with
increased growth. There has been a noticeable increase in the Student
members of the branch during the year just closed and one of the
problems of the incoming executive will be that of actively interesting
these men in the work of The Institute.

The papers presented throughout the year have been of a high
standard and those who have heard every paper have profited most.
The policy of holding dinner-meetings has been followed throughout
the year and has been found to be satisfactory preliminary to the
paper of the evening.

It is a matter of regret that business affairs have removed Past-
Chairman Geo. F. Porter, M.E.i.c, temporarily from our midst, but
it is hoped that he and his associates will return in the spring with a
contract for the erection of the Sydney bridge which will add fresh
laurels to those won at Quebec.

Report of Membership Committee

While it is desirable to enroll every eligible member for The Institute
it sometimes appear that a person's interest in the branch or in The
Institute wanes shortly after enrollment. Rather than have a con-
certed drive for more members, it is evident that stimulation of the
present membership towards more regular attendance is more to be
desired. The growth of the branch in two years is shown in the
following table:

1921 1922 1923

Members 13 15 16

Associate Members 29 38 43

Juniors 9 12 14

Students 5 11 22

Affiliates 1 1

Total 56 77 96

These figures represent an increase of 70 per cent in two years.
The non-resident members are as follows: — ■

Members 3

Associate Members 9

Juniors 3

Students 35

Total 21

The combined membership, resident and non-resident, is 117.
A detailed statement of membership changes is given herewith:
Members through transfer 1; new Associate Members 2; Associate
Members through transfer 3; Junior through transfer 1; transferred
Student to Junior 1; Students through transfer 11; removal through
death 1. We regret to record the loss through death of Lennox T.
Bray, a.m.e.i.c.

Meetings
Regular meetings 8; average attendance 28.
Jan. — "The Panama Canal," D. A. Molitor, M.E.I.C.
Feb. — "Canadian Electric Development," S. E. McGorman, M.E.I.C.
Mar. — "The Detroit Filtration Plant," Theodore Leisen.
Apr. — "The Future of the Engineering Profession," Fraser S.

Keith, M.E.i.c.
May — "Engineering Legislation," Geo. F. Porter, M.E.i.c.
"The Manufacture of Salt," H. A. Wilson, Jr.E.l.C.
"Aims of the Engineering Institute and the Necessity

for Branches," W. H. Baltzell, M.E.I.C.
"Personal Experiences as Related to Errors and Averages,"
D. A. Molitor, M.E.i.c.
Oct. — "Sewerage Problems of Detroit," C. W. Hubbell.
Nov. — "Low Temperature Distillation of Coal," W. R. McGie.
Dec. — Annual meeting with election of officers.

Advertising Committee

The Border Cities Branch has a splendid opportunity to make
The Journal a direct source of branch revenue through the inducement
of local industrial or other concerns to use it as an advertising medium.
A start was made this year with prospects for increased space in 1924.

Branch Committees

The following committees were active during the year: —
Papers and Entertainment.

Jan. to May, — W. J. Fletcher, a.m.e.i.c, (chairman); O. J.

Hein, a.m.e.i.c; E. J. Mclntire, a.m.e.i.c
Oct. to Dec, — A. J. M. Bowman, a.m.e.i.c, (chairman); S. E.

McGorman, m.e-.i.c; D. A. Molitor, M.E.i.c

Membership.

L. McGill Allan, a.m.e.i.c, (chairman); J. E. Porter, a.m.e.i.c;
A. B. Richardson, a.m.e.i.c

Advertising.

L. E. Collins, jr.E.i.c, (chairman); H. C. McMordie, a.m.e.i.c
Nominating.

H. Thorne, M.E.i.c

Financial Statement
Receipts

To balance in bank $205.48

Rebates from Headquarters $113.75

Branch news 20.00

Advertising 21.50

155.25

Collections at dinner-meetings 113.50

Bank interest 5.10

$479.33
Expenditures

Notices and printing $ 28.35

Postage and miscellaneous 10.50

Dinner-meetings 158.23

Flowers 30.00

Typing 10.00

Balance on hand 242.25

$479.33
Respectfully submitted,

Will. H. Baltzell, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

J. Clark Keith, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Calgary Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee of the Calgary Branch we
beg to submit the following report for the year ending December 31st,
1923.

At the annual meeting on March 11th, 1923, the following officers
were elected: — ■

Chairman V. M. Meek, a.m.e.i.c

Vice-Chairman. .F. E. Emery, a.m.e.i.c

Secretary J. A. Spreckley, a.m.e.i.c

Treasurer G. P. F. Boese, A.M.E.I.C

Auditors A. Fraser, a.m.e.i.c, and J. J.

Executive A. S. Chapman, a.m.e.i.c, W.

and J. Haddin, M.E.i.c

Ex-officio members of the executive, — ■ P. J. Jennings, m.e.i.c,
and B. L. Thorne, m.e.i.c

V. A. Newhall, a.m.e.i.c, was subsequently appointed a member
of the committee in place of W. J. Dick, m.e.i.c, who removed to the
Edmonton district. W. St. J. Miller, a.m.e.i.c, was appointed branch
editor.

Meetings

The executive held eight meetings, with an average attendance
of six, at which the regular business of the branch was transacted.

Hanna, a.m.e.i.c
J. Dick, m.e.i.c,

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Ten general meetings were held at which the average attendance
was forty-eight. To following is a list of these meetings: —
Jan. 15 — "Canadian National Parks," Major C. G. Child, B.Sc,
A.M.E.I.C, resident engineer of the Rocky Mountain Parks.
Jan. 29— "The Aeroplane," by Major G. M. Croil.
Feb. 12 — "Possible Irrigation Development in Alberta and
Saskatchewan," V. M. Meek, A.M.E.I.C, acting com-
missioner of irrigation. R. S. Stockton, M.E.I. C, super-
intendent of operation and maintenance, C.P.R., Western
Section, described the engineering features of operation
and maintenance in connection with large irrigation
schemes.
Feb. 26 — "Coal Formation in Alberta," (paper by Major C. C
Richards, m.e.i.c), read by Lt.-Col. F. M. Steel, D.s.o.,
M.E.i.c.
Mar. 10 — Annual meeting.

Mar. 26 — -"Progress of Street Railway Track Design in Great

Britain from the year 1870," by W. J. Gale, A.M.E.I.C.

Aug. 25 — Luncheon and address on Imperial Oil Refinery works,

followed by a visit to the plant at Ogden. C. M. Moore,

superintendent.

Nov. 15 — "The Responsibilities of the Engineer in Civic Life,"

I. P. MacNab, m.e.i.c.
Nov. 26 — "Financial Difficulties in Irrigation Development,"

D. W. Hays, m.e.i.c, consulting irrigation engineer.
Sept. 10 — "Western Canada Waters for Boiler Purposes," Thos.
Lees, A.M.E.I.C, district engineer of the Canadian Pacific
Railway for Alberta.
The branch is indebted to the several speakers for contributing
to the success of the programme, to the Programme Committee for the
excellent entertainment provided, to the Press of Calgary for its co-
operation, and to the Calgary Board of Trade for the free use of their
comfortable rooms for meetings.

At the annual meeting W. J. Dick, m.e.i.c, offered a prize of the
value of twenty-five dollars for the best paper submitted by a Junior
of The Institute, provided three compete. These papers will be read
at an early date.

At a farewell dinner to Geo. W. Craig, m.e.i.c, on April 27th,
1923, he was presented with framed photographs of the three reinforced
concrete bridges erected in the city under his direction. Mayor
Webster was among those present and Mr. Craig was heartily con-
gratulated on his appointment with the Asphalt Association at Chicago.
During the summer a golf competition was arranged with the
Chartered Accountants of Calgary.

Membership

The membership of the branch compares with the end of last
year as follows: — ■

Jan. 1st, 1923 Dec. 31st, 1923

Resident Non-Resident

Members 22 19 1

Associate Members 67 68 10

Juniors 7 5 4

Students 5 2 1

Affiliates 110

Affiliates of the Branch. .7 8

109 103 16

There has been a net loss of members by removals due to economic
conditions.

Approximately 50 per cent of the members are in the service of
the Dominion, Provincial and City governments, while 25 per cent
are with the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, 20 per cent with
other industrial companies, and 5 per cent are in private practice.

The branch was represented at the convention of the Western
Canada Irrigation Association in Penticton, B.C., by R. S. Stockton,
m.e.i.c, and W. H. Snelson, a. m.e.i.c
Respectfully submitted,

F. E. Emery, a.m.e.i.c, for the Chairman.
J. A. Spreckley, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary.

Financial Statement

For financial year ending December 31st, 1923

Revenue

Interest on bonds and savings $ 50.93

Rebates 182.00

Branch news 66.28

Branch Affiliates 15.00

$314.21

Expenditure

Meetings, etc $ 62.70

Stenographic services i 24.87

Printing and miscellaneous expenses ' 130.67

218.24

$ 95 97

Bank balance at December 31st, 1923 $311.98

Bank balance at December 31st, 1922 269.08

$ 42.90
Amount of rebates and branch news due from

Headquarters $ 53.07

$ 95.97

Assets

Cash in bank $311.98

Market value of securities 818.55

Fees collectable from Branch Affiliates 24.00

Rebates, — Branch news due from Headquarters 53.07

Surplus at December 31st, 1923 $1,207.60

Liabilities

Nil.

Surplus at December 31st, 1922 $1,110.21

Increase in value of assets 97.39

Audited and found correct.

A. Fraser, a.m.e.i.c (Branch G. P. F. Boese, a.m.e.i.c

J. J. HANNA, a.m.e.i.c {Auditors. Treasurer.

Cape Breton Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee of the Cape Breton Branch,
we beg to submit the following report for the year ending December
11th, 1923.

At the last annual meeting the following officers were elected:

Chairman, — K. H. Marsh, m.e.i.c

Committeemen, — Horace Longley, m.e.i.c, C. C. Curtis, M.E.I.C

At a meeting of the executive held in July, A. P. Theuerkauf,
m.e.i.c, and S. C. Mifflen, a.m.e.i.c, were appointed members of the
executive in place of Mr. Marsh and Mr. Curtis who resigned on account
of leaving the province. Mr. Longley was appointed chairman, and
Mr. McMaster vice-chairman.

Membership

The present membership of the branch is forty-two, which is the
same number as at this time last year.new members having been balanced
by members leaving the district. In addition to the above there are
eight applications pending.

Meetings

The following meetings were held during the past year: —

Dec. 12 — -Annual meeting — "Abnormal Friction Loss in a 12-inch

Pipe Line", J. G. H. Purves, M.E.I.C.
Jan. 9— "Shaft Sinking," D. A. Y. Colquhoun, jr.E.i.c
Mar. 7 — "Mechanical Stokers," John T. Farmer, m.e.i.c
Mar. 20 — Dinner at Boscobel.
Apr. 17 — "Coke Manufacture with Bye-Product Recovery,"

E. C. Tonge, a.m.e.i.c
May 19 — Visit to Coke Manufacturing Department of The Dominion

Iron and Steel Company.
June 2 — -Dinner at Pottles Lake, North Sydney.
Sept. 18 — "General Advance of Radio Since the Early Days of

Marconi," J. W. Mullin, A.M.E.I.C.
Oct. 16 — "Metallurgical Re-heating Furnaces for Blooms,

Billets and Slabs," A. P. Theuerkauf, m.e.i.c
Nov. 13— "The Application of Fuel to a Steel Plant," M. W.

Booth, A.M.E.I.C

Nov. 20 — Dance and social evening.

Finances
Financially we have just about held our own. At the last annual
meeting we had a balance on hand of $79.02. This has been slightly
increased to $92.97, but unpaid bills for $12.80 will reduce this amount
to $80.17.
Balance on hand at last annual meeting, bank. . . $ 63.32

cash. . . . 15.70 $ 79.02

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Rebates from Headquarters .

Receipts

$ 11.95
44.06
37.25

Local dues — Last quarter 1922 $ 28.00

1st quarter 1923 80.00

2nd quarter 1923 30.00

3rd quarter 1923 60.00

4th quarter 1923 32.00

Sale of photographs .
Total

Expenditures
Rent for one year to Jan. 31, 1924 $180.00

$ 93.26

$230.00

1.25

$403.53

Printing .

Telegrams

Postage, stationary, etc

Presentations

Deficit on dinner Mar. 20th .
Deficit on dinner June 2nd . .

32.42
3.72
9.97
24.50
12.10
47.85

Cash on hand $ 25.68

Cash in bank 67.29

Total.

$310.56

92.97

$403.53

Collections of local dues have been only fair, there being $126.00
outstanding on this account.

Respectfully submitted,

Horace Longley, a.m.e.i.c, Chairman.

Donald W. J. Brown, jr.E.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer .

Edmonton Branch

The President and Council,

We beg to submit herewith an annual report covering some of the
activities of the Edmonton Branch for the calendar year 1923.

Five general meetings have been held, at which meetings papers
have been read on the following subjects:

Feb. 14— "Edmonton Power Plant," W. J. Cunningham, super-
intendent Edmonton power plant.
"Highways," H. G. Dimsdale, M.E.i.c.
"Soil Survey," Dr. Wyatt, University of Alberta.
Mar. 14 — "Combustion Problems and Furnace Designs," C. A.
Robb, m.e.i.c.
"Why Our Wheat Goes via American Ports," John
Armstrong, late chief engineer Hudson's Bay Railway.
Apr. 18 — "Report of the Edmonton Branch Committee on
Testing of Local Concrete Materials," C. C. Suther-
land, a.m.e.i.c, chairman of the committee.
"House Heating Furnaces," R. T. Hollies.
"Grading of Coal," N. C. Pitcher.
Nov. 28— "Engineering Details of a Natural Gas Plant," H. C.
Hill, chief engineer, Northwestern Utilities, Ltd., Edmonton.
Dec. 13 — "Some Applications of Law to Engineering," Professor
Kleven, University of Alberta.
During the same period the Executive Committee has met on
five occasions. The branch by-laws are at present in course of revision
by the executive, with a view to bringing same up to date and into
line with other branches of The Institute.

The branch has recently appointed committees on fuel and
membership.

At December 1923 the membership is as follows:

Resident Non-resident Total

Members 11 1 12

Associate Members 42 7 49

Juniors 3 1 4

Students 4 1 5

Total .

Financial Statement
for calendar year 1923

Balance on hand at Jan. 1st

Receipts

Rebates — Jan., Feb., Mar

Rebates — Apr., May, June, July, Aug

Rebates — Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec

Branch news during year

$ 40.00

27.50

23.89

5.56

$121.31

96.95
$218.26

Expenditures

Total disbursements $158.76

Balance at December 31st 59.50

$218.26

Respectfully submitted,

R. S. L. Wilson, a.m.e.i.c, Chairman.

W. R. Mount, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Halifax Branch

The President and Council,

The Executive Committee of the Halifax Branch for the year
1923 respectfully submits this report of the activities of the Halifax
Branch.

Notable among the meetings of the year was one which was
undertaken by a committee of the students of Nova Scotia Technical
College. The chairman and all the speakers were students of the
fourth year, one from each of the courses in mining, electrical, civil
and mechanical engineering. The four papers which were read were
exceptionally good and it was very gratifying to see that the speakers
had not yet passed the stage where they could keep their remarks
within a time limit. In this case it was fifteen minutes.

When the territory of the branch was extended to include all that
part of Nova Scotia which is westward of the eastern boundaries of
the counties of Pictou and Halifax, the executive recommended to the
branch that the by-laws be changed to give the branch district members
representation on the Executive Committee. After the necessary legal
formalities a letter ballot was submitted with the ballot for the election
of officers for the year 1924. The voting was unanimously in favour
of increasing the number of members who will constitute the Executive
Committee from six to ten, of whom four shall be residents of the
territory of the branch which is more than twenty-five miles from the
city of Halifax. It is recognized that the income of the branch is not
sufficient at present to cover the expenses of out-of-town members
to all the sessions of the Executive Committee in addition to the other
expenses which must be met from it. Nevertheless it is expected
that the new executive will be able to find ways to make knowledge
and enthusiasm of its out-of-town members available and effective
to the general economy of the branch.

Last June the resignation of O. S. Cox, a.m.e.i.c, was regretfully
received by the Executive Committee in particular, and by the branch.
We have already recorded our appreciation of the excellent service
which he willingly gave us on the minutes of the branch and we are
glad to have this opportunity of publicly stating it. The circumstances
which made it necessary for him to resign are regretted by every member.

After the appearance in the October Journal of the report of the
Committee on Classification and Remuneration, a committee was
appointed to obtain from each member of the branch his opinions
concerning its adequacy and workability. The work of this committee
is progressing toward completion. Some forty replies have been
received, but the committee reports that it is hard to get some members
to express any opinion at all.

Our annual meeting this year was a function which all who attended
look back to as a departure from our ordinary way ? which is to be
commended and considered as a precedent. For sociability and interest
in branch affairs it set a record which will be hard to beat. It made
such an appeal to all that suggestions have been made already that
the Executive-Committee-elect attempt to make the next annual
meeting a financial success also.

Meetings

During the year 1923 the branch has held seven meetings as
follows: —

Jan. 4 — Regular monthly meeting at which the chairman was
Commander R. H. Wood, m.e.i.c, and the speaker
J. F. Paige, operating manager of the Halifax Shipyards,
who lectured on "The Development of Shipbuilding
and Marine Engineering". The lecture was given in
the Assembly Hall of the Nova Scotia Technical College
which was decorated for the occasion by a committee
consisting of H. W. L. Doane, m.e.i.c, chairman, R. P.
Freeman, a.m.e.i.c, W. F. McKnight, a.m.e.i.c, H. B.
Pickings, a.m.e.i.c, and A. L. Dobson, s.e.i.c

Feb. 2 — Regular monthly meeting, Professor F. R. Faulkner, m.e.i.c,
in the chair. The speaker was Col. F. W. W. Doane,
m.e.i.c, city engineer, who took as his subject "Some
Problems of the Municipal Engineer". This was a
supper meeting held in the Green Lantern. There were
33 present.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Mar. 9 — Regular monthly meeting, Professor D. W. Munn, A.M.E.I.C.,
in the chair. W. B. Mackay, a.m.e.i.c., spoke on "Some
Recent Developments in Ventilation". His address
was given in the Green Lantern after a supper during
which the members indulged in singing for the first time
from the song sheets which the Council had just supplied.
Present 42.

Apr. 13 — Regular monthly meeting for which all arrangements were
made and papers prepared by student members. W. B.
Wyman, s.e.i.c, was in the chair and the students'
orchestra of Nova Scotia Technical College dispersed
sweet music throughout the evening. Short papers were
read by the following:

H. W. Humphrey, S.E.I.C., "Recent Tests on Concrete".
G. H. Burchell, "Radio Telephony".
L. G. Gauvin, "Automobile Troubles and their

Remedies".
J. C. Dawson, "Oil Shale".
This meeting was remarkable for the large number of
student members who were present and the large number
of corporate members who were absent.

May 18 — Regular monthly meeting: — Chairman, R. W. McColough,
a.m.e.i.c. ; speaker, Colonel Boyden; subject, "Concrete
Specifications in Highway Construction"; place, the
Assembly Hall of the Nova Scotia Technical College.
Present 25.

Nov. 1 — Regular monthly meeting in the Green Lantern. Professor
F. R. Faulkner, m.e.i.c, in the chair. Animated discus-
sions on the next annual meeting, the report on classifica-
tion and remuneration, the changes in the by-laws made
necessary by the extension of the territory of the branch.
At this meeting the branch nominating committee was
appointed. Present 21.
Dec. 20 — Annual meeting and dinner in the St. Julien room of the
Halifax hotel. Short talks by R. T. Macllreith, L.L.B.,
member of the Board of Commissioners of Public Utilities
of the Province of Nova Scotia, A. $• MacMillan, chair-
man of the Provincial Highways Board, Province of Nova
Scotia, Colonel P. Benoit and Major Henshaw of the
Engineering Corps of the Garrison. The most enjoyable
and profitable annual meeting which this branch has
ever had.

Membership
The membership of the Halifax Branch now stands as follows: —
Resident Non-resident Total
1 1

22 16 38

37 35 72

8 6 14

9 11 20

Honorary Members .

Members

Associate Members .

Juniors

Students

Total

Financial Statement
Receipts

Rebates from Headquarters $147.62

Payments for Branch news 53.07

Receipts from annual meeting 49.00

Balance from 1922 224.55

Total receipts ■

Expenditures

Stamps and post cards $ 25.87

Telegrams 2.36

Meetings 11.60

Exchange on cheques .45

Miscellaneous 6.80

Stenographer 25.50

Journal subscriptions Branch Affiliates 4.00

Repayment of loan from Council 50.00

Branch furniture and supplies 54.75

Honorarium to secretary 50.00

Expenses of annual meeting 122.23

Total expenditures

Balance

Cash on hand and in bank S 76.46

Due from Headquarters 54.20

Total

Audited and found correct:

Hamilton Branch

The President and Council,

The Executive Committee of the Hamilton Branch submits the
following report for the year 1923.

The branch year dates from June 1st. The following compose
the executive committees during 1923: —
January to June. June to December.

H. U. Hart, m.e.i.c Hon. Chairman. H. U. Hart, m.e.i.c.

F. W. Paulin, m.e.i.c Chairman J. W. Tyrrell, m.e.i.c.

J. W. Tyrreli, m.e.i.c Vice-Chairman . W. G. Milne, a.m.e.i.c.

W. F. McLaren, m.e.i.c. .Sec-Treasurer. W. F. McLaren, m.e.i.c.
H. G. Bertram, m.e.i.c. (1 yr) J. J. MacKay, m.e.i.c. (1 yr)

P. M. Smith, m.e.i.c. (1 yr) C. H. Marrs, m.e.i.c. (1 yr)

J. J. MacKay, m.e.i.c. (2 yrs) F. P. Adams, a.m.e.i.c. (2 yrs)

C. H. Marrs, m.e.i.c. (2 yrs) C. J. Nicholson, a.m.e.i.c.

(2 yrs)

E. H. Darling, m.e.i.c.

Ex-officio
. Past-Chairman. F. W. Paulin, m.e.i.c.

Meetings '

The following meetings were held: —
Jan. 23— "Rail Carbon Steel," J. B. Carswell,
with lantern slides; attendance 50.

a.m.e.i.c. .[illustrated

Mar. 12 — "Discussion en the Report of the Railway Situation
in Hamilton," led by J. W. Tyrrell, M.E.I.C, Noulan
Cauchon, a.m.e.i.c, (Ottawa) and F.^W. Paulin, m.e.i.c;
attendance 50.

Apr. 6 — "Japanese Developments and Pacific Wanderings,"
Stephen Q. Hayes of Pittsburgh.
This was a joint meeting with the Toronto Section A.I.E.E.
held in the Westinghouse auditorium. After the meeting
refreshments were served by the Canadian Westinghouse
Company; attendance 150.

Apr. 27 — The branch entertained the out-of-town members at dinner.
Papers were read on "Roads and Pavements", F. P.
Adams, a.m.e.i.c, Brantford, Guy R. Marston, a.m.e.i.c,
Simcoe, and D. T. Black, a.m.e.i.c, Gait; attendance 35.

May 10 — Annual meeting. Reports presented and elections announc-
ed. Paper read by Lt.-Col. H. C. Boyden on "Recent
Developments in Concrete"; attendance 100.

Nov. 1 — Annual banquet with President Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c,
and Secretary Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c, as guests;
attendance 50.

Dec. 14 — "Asbestos Production" — Canadian Johns Manville
Company.

Membership

145

Dec. 31st,

Dec. 31st, 1923

1922

Resident

Non-Res.

Total

Members

Associate Members . .

Juniors

Students

Branch Affiliates. . . .

$474.24

Total

164

163

197

353.58
$120.66

$120.66

W. F. McKnight, a.m.e.i.c

J. F. LUMSDEN, A.M.E.I.C

Respectfully submitted,

F. R. Faulkner, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

K. L. Dawson, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Financial Statement

Receipts

Brought forward $307.02

Journal subscription 10.00

Rebates 175.47

Branch news 54.05

Branch Affiliates 95.70

Expenses

Printing and postage "... $ 72.16

Rent of halls 22.00

Annual dinner 33.29

Stenographer 50.00

Journal subscriptions 10.00

Miscellaneous 91.95

Balance 362.84

$642.24

Respectfully submitted,

$642.24

J. W. Tyrrell, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

W. F. McLaren, m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer .

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Kingston Branch

The President and Council,

The Executive Committee of the Kingston Branch submits the
following report for the year 1923.

Meetings were held on the second and fourth Tuesdays of the
first three months and last three months of the year. It is not possible
to conduct meetings over a greater period than this, since the majority
of the members are not in the city from early spring until late summer.

Meetings

Nine meetings were held during the year as noted below: —
Jan. 9 — "The Influence of Power and Load Factors on Power

Costs," Professor D. M. Jemmett, a.m.e.i.c, Queen's

University.
Feb. 5— "Modern Types of Reaction Turbines," H. S. Van

Patter, a.m.e.i.c, Dominion Engineering Company,

Montreal.
Feb. 20 — "Methods and Plants used in Highway Construction,"

Professor W. L. Malcolm, m.e.i.c, Queen's University,

Kingston.
Feb. 27 — "New Method of Measurement of Water Flow in Pen-
stocks," N. R. Gibson, m.e.i.c, American Niagara Falls

Power Co.
Mar. 12— "The Exploration Trip to the Arctic in 1922," J. D.

Craig, m.e.i.c, International Boundary Commission,

Ottawa.
Apr. 4— Annual dinner. H. S. Person, managing director of the

Taylor Society of New York spoke on "Scientific Man-
agement applied to an Industry".
Oct. 14 — "Recent advances in Prime Movers," Professor L. M.

Arkley, m.e.i.c, Queen's University, Kingston.
Nov. 1 — Annual meeting.
Nov. 26 — "Bacteriology as applied to Sanitation," Dr. Reed,

Queen's University, Kingston.

Membership

The approximate membership of the branch is as follows: —

Honorary Member 1

Members 12

Associate Members 28

Juniors 3

Students 40

Affiliate 1

Total 85

The decrease in membership from last year is partly due to the
redistribution of branch areas, but more so to the loss of Student
members in the large graduating class from Queen's University in April
1923.

Financial Statement

The following is a financial statement for the year 1923: —

Receipts

Jan. 1 Cash on hand $ 93.72

Jan. 15 Rebates on fees 4.75

Branch news 8.06

Apr. 30 Dinner collections 36.25

May 23 Rebates on fees 52.75

Branch news 22.23

June 30 Bank interest 1.83

Oct. 9 Rebates on fees 22.75

Dec. 31 Rebates from Headquarters 15.95

$258.29

Ext)£tldltZt7CS

Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, total disbursements $166.66

Dec. 31 Credit balance 91.63

$258.29

Respectfully submitted,

T. A. McGinnis, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

A. Jackson, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Lakehead Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee I beg to submit the follow-
ing report of the Lakehead Branch. This report is the first full year
report to Council from this branch.

Membership

Up to the time of the change in territory of each branch, authorized
by Council July 9th, 1923, the Lakehead Branch membership consisted
of 32 corporate members and 3 non-corporate members. With the
larger district allotted by Council to this branch our membership
increased, so that, at December 31st, 1923, it consisted of 37 corporate
members and 8 non-corporate members.

Meetings

Due to an unusually busy season of construction at the "Head
of the Lakes", the meetings of the branch were not held on regular
schedule. From January to May, inclusive, meetings were held on
the first Monday of each month in Port Arthur and Fort William
alternately. From June to September, inclusive, no meetings were
held. After September, meetings were held on October 1st, and
November 5th, and there was no meetings held in December. The
meeting of November 5th, was in the form of a dinner at the Kami-
nistiquia Club, Fort William.

At the annual meeting, May 7th, in Port Arthur, the following
officers were elected for 1923-24: —

Chairman, — G. H. Burbidge, m.e.i.c

Vice-Chairman, — H. S. Hancock, a.m.e.i.c

Secretary-Treasurer, — Geo. P. Brophy, a.m.e.i.c

Executive Committee, — J. Antonisen, m.e.i.c, D. G. Calvert,
a.m.e.i.c, W. T. Moodie, m.e.i.c,
C. B. Symes, a.m.e.i.c

Also, at this meeting, F. Y. Harcourt, m.e.i.c, and W. T. Moodie,
m.e.i.c, were nominated to represent the Lakehead Branch on the
Council of The Institute.

Financial Statement

Revenue

Balance in bank, December 31st, 1922 $ 39.33

Rebates from Headquarters 51.13

Branch news 4.73

Dinner, November, 1923 8.00

$103.19

Expenditure

Telegrams $ 2.19

Postage 4,00

Exchange on cheques .30

Dinner, November, 1923 23.75

Balance in bank, December 31ct, 1923 72.24

Cash on hand .71

— ■ $103.19

Respectfully submitted,

Geo. P. Brophy, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Lethbridge Branch

The President and Council,

The executive of the Lethbridge Branch begs to submit the follow-
ing report for the calendar year 1923.

This report covers part of two branch years, and the administra-
tion of the branch has been under the direction of the following com-
mittees: —

1922 — 1923 1923 — 1924

C. M. Arnold, m.e.i.c Chairman C. D. MacKintosh, m.e.i.c.

G. S. Brown, a.m.e.i.c Sec.-Treas G. S. Brown, a.m.e.i.c

S. G. Porter, m.e.i.c S. G. Porter, m.e.i.c

C. D. MacKintosh, m.e.i.c G. N. Houston, m.e.i.c

H. W. Meech, a.m.e.i.c John Dow, m.e.i.c

H. G. Cochrane, a.m.e.i.c H. P. Keith, a.m.e.i.c

Membership

Member

Associate
Member

Junior
Student

Affiliate Total
2 4

Gain to branch membership 2
Loss to branch membership 4 1
Gain to branch dist. mem-
bership 11 3 14

1922 1923

Members 9 Members 11

Associate Members ... . 21 Associate Members, (Resident) .. . 19

(Non-resident) 11

Juniors 3 Juniors. 2

Students 3 Students, (Resident) 3

(Non-resident) 3

Associate 1 Affiliate 1

Branch Affiliates 27 Branch Affiliates 27

Total 64 Total 77

Net gain in membership: 13.

During the past year, owing to the change of branch districts
we have gained eleven Associate Members and three Students; also
two branch Members, four Associate Members and one Junior
having left the district. There are three applications pending, one
of which is from an Affiliate. All these applications are approved
by the executive.

Meetings

During the year the branch has held five executive meetings and
ten general meetings. The following addresses were given: —

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

sanitary engineer.

Jan. 27 — "Law as applied to Contracts." W. S. Ball, citv solicitor,
Lethbridge, Alberta.

Feb. 10 — "Coal Mining." W. Meldrum, assistant engineer, Gait
Mines, Lethbridge, Alberta.

Feb. 24 — "Electrical Power Plants," John Watson, r.p.e., super-
intendent Lethbridge power plant, Lethbridge, Alta.

Mar. 10 — "Mining and Smelting of Precious Ores," F. H. Hutton,
Lethbridge, Alberta.

Mar. 24 — "The design and Construction of Locomotives,"
G. H. Nowell, divisional master mechanic, C.P.R., Leth-
bridge, Alberta.

Apr. 28 — "Water Purification," Mr. Yallance,
Lethbridge, Alberta.

Nov. 3 — "Geological Formation of Coal Fields," W. Meldrum,
assistant engineer, Gait Mines, Lethbridge, Alta.

Nov. 17 — "The Relation of the Waters of Western Canada to
Steam Boilers," W. Lees, M.E.i.c, C.P.R. district
engineer, of Water Supply for Alberta.

Dec. 1 — "Construction of the Banff-Windermere Highway,"

C. A. Davidson, construction engineer of Alberta.

Dec. 15 — "Recondition of the Cowley Bridge," C. F. Draper.
m.e.i.c, bridge engineer, C.P.R.

Financial Statement

Trial Balance as at March 10th, 1923.

Dr. Cr.

General fund $113.98

Treasurer $113.98

Headquarters 50.00

Dues account 135.01

Membership account 135.01

Headquarters 50.00

$298.99 $298.99
Receipts

Cash in bank, Mar. 111 h, 1922 $125.93

Rebates 59.25

Branch Affiliates due 90.00

Branch news 9.88

Refund on Journal subscriptions 1.50

$286.56

Disbursements

Printing $ 28.86

Books and stationery 18.65

Sundries. 49.57

Journal subscriptions 34.50

Dues collected on account, headquarters forwarded 41.00

Cash in bank, Mar. 10th, 1923 113.98

— $286.56

Assets

Cash in bank $113.98

Fees owing by Branch Affiliates 59.50

Rebates due from sundry members 75.63

$249.11

Liabilities

Advance from Headquarters $ 50.00

Net assets 199.11

$249.11

We have examined the vouchers and papers of the Lethbridge

Branch, The Engineering Institute of Canada, also the statement drawn
up by G. S. Brown, a.m.e.i.c, secretary- treasurer, and find same
to be correct and a true account of the standing of the branch.

P. M. Sauder, m.e.i.c,
C. L. Dodge, a.m.e.i.c
Auditors.

Statement — March 11th, 1922 to December 31st, 1923.

Receipts

Rebates $ 58.75

Branch Affiliate dues 49.00

Bank interest 2.69

Branch news 13.89

$124.33

Expenditures

Advance repaid Headquarters $ 50.00

Institute Journal 23.30

Printing 28.35

Sundries 43.50

$145.15

Assets

Rebates due from Headquarters, Dec. 31st, (as

per wire) $ 13.25

Cash in bank 88.16

Cash on hand 5.00

Rebates from Headquarters, outstanding 6.63

Branch Affiliates dues, outstanding 9.50

$122.54

Liabilities

Accounts payable $ 8.00

Respectfully submitted,

John Dow, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

GeorgeS. Brown, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary- Treasurer.

London Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee, we beg to submit the
following report for the year ending December 31st, 1923.

Seven executive, eight regular, and two special meetings of the
branch were held during the year. Many prominent engineers deliver-
ed addresses at the branch meetings. Papers were also presented by
members representing the various activities of the branch.

A committee was appointed on April 6th, to investigate the
practicability of using Alberta coal in western Ontario. The com-
mittee presented their report at a special meeting December 12th.
This report will probably appear in a later issue of The Journal.
Membership
During the past year the membership of the branch has increased
from 60 to 80.

1922 1923

Members 13 13

Associate Members 24 34

Juniors 10 12

Students 13 21

60 80

Financial Statement

Revenue

Balance in bank January 1st, 1923 $ 62.47

Rebates from Headquarters (duesand branch news) 128.20

Surplus from annual dinner 3.25

Special entertainment fund (subscriptions) 29.00

Interest at bank .77

223.69
Rebate due from Headquarters 12.50

- $236.19
Expenditures

Notices and printing $ 16.33

Postage 15.23

Telegrams 1.18

Janitor's services 8.00

Rental of chairs 7.50

Stenographer's services 10.00

Filing case — including freight, etc 85.99

Entertaining out-of-town speakers 26.60

Express charges 1.00

Special entertainment expenses 10.97

Cigars 6.00

Sundries 6.00

Adjusting error in last year's bank balance 10.64

205.44

Balance in bank 18.25

Rebate due from Headquarters 12.50

$236.19

Balance in bank $ 18.25

Rebate due from Headquarters 12.50

30.75

Bills payable 14.60

Net credit as at December 31st $16.15

Respectfully submitted,

E. V. Buchanan, m.e.i.c, Acting Chairman
E. A. Gray, jr.E.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Moncton Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee, we beg to submit the
fourth annual report of the Moncton Branch.

The Executive Committee held several meetings during the year
1923, and transacted a considerable amount of business. There were
seven meetings of the branch held during the year, three were supper
meetings, which continue to be most popular with the members, and
one meeting was held at Mount Allison University, Sackville, N.B.

We regret to say, that owing to a number of our members being
transferred, the membership of our branch has been reduced from
88 to 75, and of the present membership, sixteen are non-resident
members. The membership at present consists of: —

Resident Non-Resident Total

Members 10 1 11

Associate Members 26 10 36

Juniors 5 3 8

Students 16 2 18

Affiliates 2 .. 2

Total 59 16 75

The annual meeting of the branch was held on June 1st, and the
following officers were elected for 1923-24: —
Chairman, — W. B. MacKenzie, m.e.i.c.
Vice-Chairman, — F. O. Condon, m.e.i.c.
Secretary-Treasurer, — M. J. Murphy, a.m.e.i.c.
Executive Committee, — H. J. Crudge, a.m.e.i.c.
E. G. Evans, m.e.i.c.
J. D. McBeath, m.e.i.c.
*G. C. Torrens, a.m.e.i.c.
*C. S. G. Rogers, a.m.e.i.c.
*A. S. Gunn, a.m.e.i.c.
*A. F. Stewart, m.e.i.c, ex-officio.
*Members of the Executive holding office for another year.

Financial Statement

The financial statement for the year ending December 31st, 1923
is as follows: —

Revenue

Balance from 1922 $122.40

Rebates on dues and branch news 104.12

Tickets sold for supper-meetings 95.25

Donations 5.15

Bank interest 2.66

329.58

Rebate due from Headquarters 24.14

Total $353.72

Expenditures

Postage $ 6.42

Expenses of meetings 126.80

Printing 31.28

Telegrams and telephones 4.44

Purchase of attache case 18.65

Incidental expenses 34.85

Total 222.44

Balance not including rebate due from Head-
quarters 107.14

Rebates due from Headquarters 24.14

$353.72

Respectfully submitted,

Fred Condon, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

M. J. Murphy, a.m.e.lc, Secretary-Treasurer.

Montreal Branch

The President and Council,

It now becomes my duty as presiding officer of this branch for the
past year, and on behalf of the executive, to present to you an account
of our stewardship.

With the ordinary course of meetings of the branch you are already
familiar, and the report of the Papers and Meetings Committee will
furnish you with a resume of what has been accomplished. In regard
to the programme carried out, I think we have just cause for con-
gratulation. I believe that in general interest it compares favourably
with those of preceding seasons. The general level of the addresses
presented las been well maintained ; the range of subjects dealt with
has been fairly representative of the various branches of engineering
embraced by The Institute. Naturally, some few occasions have stood
out as of particular interest and on several occasions valuable dis-
cussions have followed the presentation of papers.

Reference may perhaps be permitted to one or two of these papers,
which, on account of their timeliness or special interest, have aroused
more than usual attention both within and outside of our membership.

In April, F. W. Cowie, m.e.i.c, presented a carefully prepared
paper of the subject of Transportation Routes in Canada. This
important subject drew out discussion on the part of members and
a number of visitors to such an extent that the executive set apart
a second evening for the continuation of the discussion, which was
fully justified by the sustained discussion which resulted.

The autumn session was opened with a discussion on an allied
topic; that of the development of the St. Lawrence Water Way,
introduced by E. A. Forward, m.e.i.c It was found desirable on
this occasion also to prolong the discussion to a second evening. On
this occasion, besides a number of visitors interested in shipping, we
had the privilege of having with us members from other branches
of The Institute, both of which added to the interest of the discussion.

In both the cases named the executive were able to arrange for
advance copies of the paper to be placed in the hands of members.
This added greatly to the value of the papers, and opened up the
opportunity for more intelligent discussion. In similar cases this
procedure is commended to the attention of future executives, and
will no doubt be followed out whenever practicable.

The executive of the branch for the year 1923 consisted of the
following personnel, and in all, nine meetings were held: — ■

Chairman John T. Farmer, m.e.i.c

Vice-Chairman O. O. Lefebvre, m.e.i.c

Secretary-Treasurer E. A. Ryan, a.m.e.i.c

Executive Lt.-Col. R. Bickerdike, m.e.i.c

F. A. Combe, m.e.i.c

C. J. Desbaillets, m.e.i.c
P. B. Motley, m.e.i.c

A. C. Tagge, m.e.i.c

D. C. Tennant, m.e.i.c

Past-Chairman J. A. Duchastel, m.e.i.c

President Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c

Members of Council Frederick B. Brown, m.e.i.c

J. M. R. Fairbairn, m.e.i.c
Geo. R. MacLeod, m.e.i.c
C. M. McKergow, m.e.i.c
R. A. Ross, m.e.i.c
F. P. Shearwood, m.e.i.c
Arthur Surveyer, m.e.i.c
K. B. Thornton, m.e.i.c
The first action of the executive was to appoint a Papers and
Meetings Committee. It was found that all the members of the
outgoing committee who had not been elected to other offices were
prepared to carry on, and gentlemen were found to fill up the vacancies.
Outside of the ordinary routine business, a number of important
questions have been dealt with.

The Fuel Committee

Early in the year the suggestion was brought forward to appoint
a committee to look into the fuel situation in the Montreal district.
This met with the unanimous approval of the executive and your
chairman was given authority to appoint such a committee. As a
result, F. A. Combe, m.e.i.c, was asked to head this committee and
after some deliberation the personnel of the committee was completed
as follows: —

F. A. Combe, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

J. T. Farmer, m.e.i.c, Ex-Officio

R. Beausoleil.

J. R. Donald, a.m.e.i.c

F. W. Grav, a.m.e.i.c

W. L. Hell'iwell.

This committee got promptly to work and held a number of
meetings. They quickly came to the conclusion that it was beyond
their powers to exercise anything in the nature of control of the fuel
situation; but that it could be materially helped by the dissemination
of accurate and reliable information. It was decided that the press
formed the best means for reaching the general public and through
the kind and much appreciated co-operation of The Montreal Star,
a series of popular articles were published in that paper in the spring
and again in the autumn. Much gratifying comment on the usefulness
of these articles has come to hand, and members will be interested
to learn that the second series of articles is now in course of reproduc-
tion in pamphlet form.

It is gratifying to us, as a branch, to find that the foundation of
this local fuel committee attracted the favourable attention of the
council of The Institute. In due course it was decided to form a
general fuel committee of The Institute, and the chairman of our local
committee, Mr. Combe, was asked to head this committee.

About the same time a communication was received from the
chairman of the Canadian Committee of the National Fire Protection
Association suggesting co-operation of The Institute with this Associa-

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

tion. This matter was felt to be of interest and importance, but for
various reasons action was delayed. The Engineering Institute is
recognized as a member of the National Fire Protection Association,
and it is desired that closer co-operation should be effected. This
matter was referred to the Council for consideration and it was also
decided to ask the Papers Committee to arrange for a general meeting
at which this subject could be taken up. This will doubtless be
carried out in the near future.

The visit of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers to
Montreal in May was an occasion of much interest to the engineering
fraternity; a joint committee of The Institute and local A.S.M.E.
members was already in existence to act as a local committee for this
convention. Beyond this, your executive felt that the Montreal
Branch should take some distinct part in the entertainment of the
American society, and it was decided that this should take the form
of a smoker. In order not to burden the ordinary branch funds too
heavily, a special subscription was invited for this purpose with the
result that the net cost to the branch budget only amounted to $120.98.
To judge from the appreciative comments heard from our guests at
the time and since, this effort was well worth while, and has left behind
enduring pleasant memories of the Montreal visit among those who
participated.

In approaching its duties at the beginning of its term, the executive
set before them the expression of the objects of The Engineering Institute
which you will find set forth month by month on the cover of The
Journal over the crest of The Institute. Particularly, we were impressed
with the concluding phrase "To enhance the usefulness of the profession
to the public". That has been the spirit which inspired such action
as the formation of Fuel Committee, and the discussion of subjects
of general interest. In this connection a marked feature of the past
year has been the fact that outside institutions have on several occasions
approached us to co-operate with them in matters of public interest.

From time to time the executive have delegated members to
represent The Institute at meetings called to deal with various move-
ments. Among these may be mentioned: — Traffic control in Montreal,
The adoption of daylight saving, International Mathematical Congress,
Code of building by-laws for Montreal, South shore bridge.

It is gratifying to find that other bodies have developed the habit
of looking to The Engineering Institute for support and co-operation
in their projects. In this connection, a phase of the subject developed
in discussion at an executive meeting which it is perhaps opportune
to touch on at this time. It was pointed out that in appointing a
delegate to lend support to any particular movement, The Institute
could not go further than express general approval of the project and
by no means bound itself to adopt any personal views expressed by
its representative as the views of the Branch or The Institute as a whole.

It was considered that this point should be made clear in accepting
any invitation to appoint a representative; and that also the same
point should be made clear to, and understood by, the representative
appointed. I believe all members will readily acknowledge the wisdom
of such reservations, and will bear them in mind if called upon at any
time to act as a representative of The Institute. It is of course necessary

Date

Jan.
Jan.

Jan.
Feb.

Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Apr.
Apr.

Apr.

May

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Dec

Subject

to rely on the discretion of such a representative, as frequently such
appointments have to be made rather hurriedly under executive author-
ity and without the opportunity of any general discussion.

Membership

As regards membership, the growth of the branch during the past
twelve months has been steady and satisfactory, without being
phenomenal. At this date the number of members enrolled coming
within the jurisdiction of the Montreal Branch is as follows: —

Increase

Honorary Members . Resident 2 2

Members Resident 200

Non-resident 16

Associate Members . . Resident 372

Non-resident.

216

428

Juniors

Non-resident . . . .

62
9

—

Students

Resident

Non-resident

274
30

304

Affiliates

1,047 121
It should be noted that the increase shown does not indicate that
that number of new members have been elected to The Institute and
attached to the Montreal Branch. To some extent the increase is
accounted for by transfers from other branches.

Meetings

The report of the Papers and Meetings Committee of the Montreal
Branch for the year 1923, is as follows.

The committee has met on a number of occasions throughout the
year for a discussion of methods that would make the Thursday evening
meetings more interesting. They have also considered the papers
proposed and discussed probable speakers who might be obtained to
give addresses.

The accompanying list gives the various meetings held throughout
the year together with the subject presented and the speaker who
gave the same. These meetings have been fairly well attended and
it is gratifying to note the interest that the younger men especially
have taken in them.

The committee has considered various means of making The
Institute meetings as representative as possible of the widely diversified
engineering field represented in Montreal. They have considered the
types of papers that would make the Montreal Branch as a whole
the most interested in the evening addresses. They have found that
this is a subject that has been under consideration by the Montreal

Author

Attendance

... 140

8 — "Scientific Methods of making Concrete" (illustrated) Dr. D. A.Abrams, M.E.I.C

18 — "Notes on trip over Electrified Sections of the Chicago, Milwaukee

and St. Paul Railway" Arthur L. Mudge, A.M.E.I.C 85

25— "Meters — Gas and Electric" E. J. Turley, A.M.E.I.C 70

1 — "The employment of Radio Telegraphy and Telephony in connec-
tion with Forest Fire Patrols" Major W. A. Steel 90

8— "The Construction of the Gouin Dam" • Major J. H. Brace, m.e.i.c 65

15— "Loud Speakers and Public Address Systems" H. J. Vermes, A.M.E.I.C 110

22 — "Air Compressors" E. S. Winslow, A.M.E.I.C 60

1 — "Causerie sur P exploitation des Tramways de Montreal Paul Seurot, m.e.i.c 40

8— "Power Problems in Manitoba" J- L. Busfield, M.E.I.C 80

15— "Automatic Telephony" CO. Schnebly and E. A. Knight 90

22— "Electrical Construction Work" F. H. Farmer, M.E.I.C 85

5— "Engineering Features of the Rubber Industry" . . . W. E. Henthorne 70

19 — "Transportation Routes in Canada and their Relation to enduring

Production" F.W. Cowie, M.E.I.C 220

26— "Notes on Metals in Engineering Service" G. Sproule, A.M.E.I.C 50

3 — Discussion of paper on "Transportation Routes in Canada" 160

4— "St. Lawrence Deep Waterways" E. A. Forward, M.E.I.C 200

11 — Discussion of paper on "St. Lawrence Deep Waterways" • 160

18— "Fuel Economizers" J. B. Hesford 80

25 — "Recruiting and Training Methods in a large Electrical Industry". . John Mills 70

1— "Wood Preservation" Richard V. Look, Affiliate, E.I.C 50

8— "The Use of the Aeroplane in Surveying and Engineering" Ellwood Wilson, M.E.I.C 85

15— "Induction Co-ordination as a Practical Problem" J. L. Clarke, A.M.E.I.C 110

22— "The Young Man in Engineering" Fraser S. Keith, M.E.I.C.

29— "Metallurgical Notes" W. G. Dancey

6— "Irrigation in Brazil" T. W. McConnell

13 — "The cost of Hydro-Electric Power and the effects theron of

Power Factor, Load Factor and Diversity Factor" Prof. C. V. Christie, A.M.E.I.C.

20 — Annual meeting.

100

140

130

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

organization from the beginning of its existence either under its present
form or under the one that preceeded it. Since the field of engineering
has broadened very much during the last five or ten years due to
progress and development in the mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and
physical fields, this question is far more insistent than it has ever
been before.

To obtain the feeling of the members in this matter a letter
requesting suggestions was sent to all members of the branch. The
replies received seemed on first reading to show considerable diversity
of opinion but on further study the committee found that there was
lack of interest on the part of many who looked for more complete
technical information in many papers that turned out to be of a more
general nature.

We believe this situation will be best met in such cases by the
various engineering sections of the branch segregating themselves for
the discussion of their own more technical problem.

A certain proportions of meetings of general interest would of
course be necessary and advisable.

H. W. Fairlie, a.m.e.i.c, Chairman,

Papers and Meetings Committee.
Finances
Referring to the financial status of the branch, I think the only
criticism that might be made is that, if anything, we have perhaps
been unnecessarily parsimonious in our appropriations for special
features in the year's programme. The explanation of this is that
at the outset your executive felt some uncertainty as to how the change
in the system of rebates allowed by headquarters was going to affect
the revenue of the branch; and, as a consequence, it was decided to
adopt a policy of economy in every way possible, so as not to impair
the financial position. It was decided by the council not to put into
effect the changes in rebates until the beginning of 1924, so that the
anticipated deficit in revenue did not materialize, and in fact owing
to the careful watch kept on the expenditure side of the account by
our treasurer, becomes in effect a net profit on the year's operations.
In looking further into the question of future revenue, I am pleased
to say that under the new system it appears to me that the decrease
in rate of rebate from 25 per cent to 20 per cent will be at least offset
by the greater number of members' dues in the wider territorial limits
allotted to the branch on which the branch will receive a rebate. There-
fore, I feel the prospect is that future executives will find themselves
less constricted by questions of finance, and will, as a consequence,
be in a position to add to the attractiveness and value of the branch
activities.

Financial Statement
Revenue
Ordinary:

Branch news $ 37.09

Commissions on advertising 22.50

Affiliates dues 117.00

Rebates — Nov. and Dec $138.75

Jan. to Mar 886.50

Apr. to Sept 491.50

1,516.75

Interest on savings deposits 10.34

$1,703.68

Extraordinary:

Subscriptions to A.S.M.E. fund $497.08

Special subscriptions 22.80

519.88

Cash in bank, January 1st, 1923 549.60

Expenditures $2,773.16

Ordinary:

Post card notices $553.07

Other printing, multigraphing, stamps 147.58

Stationery 6.20

Secretary's honorarium 300.00

Clerical assistance 100.00

Telephone service and telegrams 36.10

Moving pictures and lantern slides 36.10

Subscriptions to Journal for Branch Affiliates . . 31.00
Miscellaneous expenses; gratuities, reporting,

meeting, etc 148.15

1,358.20

Extraordinary:

Expenses of A.S.M.E. smoker 618.06

$1,976.26

Cash in bank, savings a/c 269.48

Cash in bank, current a/c 527.42

$2,773.16
Respectfully submitted,

J. T. Farmer, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

E. A. Ryan, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Niagara Peninsula Branch

The President and Council,

Another year in the life of the Niagara Peninsula Branch has been
brought to a successful close. The meetings, a list of which follows,
have been well attended. The picnic, already reported at length in
The Journal, was all that could be asked.

Meetings

Feb. 22 — "Water Measurements for Hydraulic Efficiency Tests,"

N. R. Gibson, m.e.i.c.

Dinner-meeting at St. Catharines. Attendance 50.
Mar. 22— "The Esquimault Dry Dock," H. M. Scott, m.e.i.c.

Dinner-meeting at Niagara Falls. Attendance 46.
Apr. 10— "The Profession," F. S. Keith, M.E.I.C

Dinner-meeting at Welland. Attendance 83.
May 29 — Annual meeting. "The Association of Professional

Engineers of the Province of Ontario," Willis Chip-
man, M.E.I.C.

Dinner-meeting at Niagara Falls. Attendance 72.
July 18 — Picnic at Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park. Attendance

100.
Sept. 15 — Trip over Port Colborne industries. Attendance 54.
Oct. 27 — Trip over Welland ship canal.

"Northern Ontario," Balmer Neilly and Professor

H. E. T. Haultain, m.e.i.c

Dinner-meeting at St. Catherines. Attendance 96.
Dec. 7— Trip over Queenston power house.

"Symposium on Fuel."

Dinner-meeting at Niagara Falls. Attendance 42.
The membership of the branch shows a net gain of 10, as follows: —

1922 1923 Loss Gain

Members 24 19 5

Associate Members 87 88 .. 1

Juniors 22 19 3

Students 14 30 . . 16

Affiliates 1 .. 1

Branch Affiliates 8 10 .. 2

156 166 9 19

By-Laws

The by-laws of the branch have been thoroughly revised by a
committee appointed for that purpose. The report of the committee
has been accepted, and the draft has been approved by Council. It is
expected that by the time this is in print, that a letter ballot will be
in the hands of the branch members. The branch is deeply indebted
to the committee for the thorough manner in which they carried out
their work.

Financial Statement

Receipts

Balance on hand, January 1st, 1923 $190.28

Rebates, branch news, advertising, commissions. . 309.83

Affiliates fees 22.50

Proceeds of meetings, net 62.05

$584.66

Expenditures

Printing, stationery, notices $106.35

Expenses meetings 98.55

Stenographic services 21.37

Postage, telephones, express 14.85

Secretary's honorarium 100.00

Balance on hand, January 1st, 1924 243.54

$584.66

Respectfully submitted,

S. R. Frost, a.m.e.i.c, Chairman.

R. W. Downie, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer

Ottawa Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Managing Committee of the Ottawa Branch,
we beg to submit the following report for the calendar year 1923.

Notable progress has taken place during the year and all matters
affecting the membership of the Ottawa Branch were dealt with in a
gratifying manner.

Eleven meetings of the Membership Committee were held during
the year and 32 applications for membership were dealt with. The
substantial addition to the membership is a criterion of the flourishing
condition of the branch and is due to the activity of the Membership
Committee.

The luncheons and evening meetings held during the year were a
decided success, the average attendance being most encouraging and
amply attest the popularity of these functions. The speakers were
all of high calibre and a wide diversion was evident in the subjects
presented.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

The annual "Popular Lecture" was given by C. P. Edwards,
O.B.E., a.m.e.i.c, director of radiotelegraphs, Department of Marine
and Fisheries; his subject "Radio" attracted wide interest and was
attended by a large and representative audience made up not only
of the profession, but of the general public as well.

Publicity was carried on in a comprehensive manner, due largely
to the generous co-operation of the local and Canadian Press: both
of the leading Ottawa papers recorded the maximum amount of space
and in many cases supplemented advance notices and reports of current
events by timely and effective editorials.

The balance sheet shows that we had a successful financial year.
The statement of assets and liabilities shows that we have added
$180.28, so that we now have a working capital of $1,944.11.

During the year the Managing Committee held 11 meetings.
In addition the branch held evening meetings and luncheons.

Proceedings and Publicity

During the year eight luncheons and nine evening meetings of the

branch were held as follows: —

Jan. 3 — Complimentary luncheon at Chateau Laurier, to Dr. Wm.
Bowie, chief of division of geodesy and G. T. Rude, chief
of division of Tides and Currents, United States Coast
and Geodetic Survey, Washington.

Jan. 11 — Annual meeting — Daffodil Tea Rooms.

Jan. 18 — Annual ball under the distinguished patronage of their
Excellencies the Governor General and Lady Byng; at
the Chateau Laurier.

Feb. 1 — "Mining in Ontario," John McLeish, b.a., m.e.i.c,
director of the Mines Branch, Dept. of Mines; evening
meeting at the Victoria Memorial Museum.

Feb. 15— "The Arctic Expedition of 1922," J. D. Craig, B.Sc,
m.e.i.c; evening meeting at the Victoria Memorial
Museum.

Mar. 1— "Mount Everest," Major E. O. Wheeler, M.C.R.E.; evening
meeting at the Victoria Memorial Museum.

Mar. 15 — "Wood and Its Possibilities," W. Kynoch, B.Sc.F., F.E.,
f.r.s.a., superintendent of the Forest Products Labor-
atory; evening meeting at the Victoria Memorial Museum.

Mar. 20 — "Radio" —The annual popular lecture by C. P. Edwards,
O.B.E., a.m.e.i.c, director of Radiotelegraphs, Department
of Marine and Fisheries, past chairman of the Ottawa
Branch; evening meeting at the Victoria Memorial
Museum.

Apr. 5 — "The Valley of the Nile," Joseph Keele, B.Sc, m.a. ;
luncheon meeting at Chateau Laurier.

Apr. 19 — "Financing Water Power Developments," A. J. Nesbitt,
president of Nesbitt, Thomson and Company, Ltd.,
Investment Brokers; luncheon meeting at Chateau
Laurier.

May 14—' 'Concrete Highway Investigations and Specifications, ' '
Col. H. C. Boyden; evening meeting at Victoria Memorial
Museum.

May 16 — "Are Adequate Salaries to Technical and Scientific
Men Vital to Efficiency in the Government Service,"
Col. E. Lester Jones, A.M.; director of the United States
Coast and Geodetic Survey; luncheon meeting at the
Chateau Laurier.

Oct. 18 — "Public Service Rendered by the Engineering Profes-
sion, 1 '' Dr. J. H. King, M.D., cm., f.a.c.s., minister of
Public Works; luncheon meeting at the Chateau Laurier.

Oct. 31 — "Canada's Part in Industrial Standardization," R. J.
Durley, m.b.e., Ma.E., m.e.i.c, secretary of Canadian
Engineering Standards Association; luncheon meeting at
the Chateau Laurier.

Nov. 13 — "The Design and Construction of Scientific Instru-
ments," Robert S. Whipple, managing director of
Cambridge and Paul Instrument Co.; luncheon meeting
at the Chateau Laurier.

Nov. 15 — "Storage Reservoirs in the Province of Quebec," O. O.
Lefebvre, m.e.i.c, chief engineer of the Quebec Streams
Commission; evening meeting at the Victoria Memorial
Museum.

Dec. 12 — "Expert Evidence," Harold Fisher, K.C., M.L.A. ; luncheon
meeting at the Chateau Laurier.
The attendance at luncheons and evening meetings may be taken

as an indication that these forms of entertainment and edification

meet with the approval of the members. The average attendance at

luncheons has been well over 100 and at evening meetings almost 400.
The result of a sustained policy of inviting prominent men to

the luncheons is having the effect of heightening the prestige of The
Institute and cannot but aH^ance the status of its members.

The hearty thanks of the branch is due to the local and Canadian
Press who have freely opened their columns, both news and editorial,
to advance notices and reports of meetings. The progress in the
past few years in this respect is marked.

Membership

During the year the Committee on Membership held eleven
meetings and dealt with 32 applications as follows:

Members 4

Associate Members 13

Juniors 3

Branch Affiliates 5

Transfers to full Member 4

Transfers to Associate Member 3

Total 32

During the year the total membership increased from 398 to 408
and the corporate membership from 311 to 320.

The branch regrets to report the loss by death during the year
of one Member, Mr. A. St. Laurent who, at the time of his death, was
president of The Institute, and two Associate Members, Messrs. C. A.
Bigger, and G. L. Rainboth.

The following table shows in detail the comparative figures of the
branch membership for the years 1921, 1922 and 1923:—

1921 1922 1923

Honorary Members 1 2 2

Members 89 100 113

Associate Members 168 211 207

Juniors 35 32 30

Students 25 19 18

Affiliates 2 6 6

Branch Affiliates 19 28 32

Total 339 398 408

Rooms and Library

The policy of the branch remains unchanged as regards the question
of securing permanent quarters. Part of the furniture, owned by the
branch is still on loan to the Minto Skating Club and the remainder
is stored in an unused office. The library is situated on the third floor
of the Journal building where it has been consulted by members under
the same conditions as have prevailed in previous years.

The exchange of information, referred to in previous reports,
between the different libraries comprising the Library Association of
Ottawa has been continued and to some extent systematized. This
should prove of great value to enquirers by directing them to the
most promising sources of information.

During the year accessions were received from Col. Duncan
Macpherson, m.e.i.c, K. M. Cameron, m.e.i.c, F. H. Peters, m.e.i.c,
G. W. Volckman, m.e.i.c, the Headquarters of The Institute and a
number of government agencies.

Advertising in the Journal

Commissions due the branch for advertising secured in The Journal
during 1923 amounted to $219.57, which is practically equal to the
rebates received from 110 Associate Members.

Finances

The financial position of the branch continues to be highly satis-
factory as may be seen by reference to the attached statements of
assets and liabilities and receipts and expenditures.

The branch closes the year with a balance of $436.46 in the bank,
$1.16 in cash on hand, and $1,000.00 in Victory bonds, a total balance
on hand of $1,437.62. In addition to this balance the branch has
assets of $96.50 in rebates due from Headquarters, $14.45 due from
Headquarters for branch news, and $219.57 for advertising in
Tlie journal, and $176.00 in furniture, equipment, etc., making a
total of $1,944.14.

The income for the last two years is, for 1922 — $875.42 and
for 1923 — $1,014.36; the expenditure, for 1922 — $890.78 and for
1923 — $979.32. The branch has an annual income of $55.00 from
its Victory bonds.

While the balance sheet shows substantial increases over last
year due to growth in membership and branch activities, the statement
of assets and liabilities shows we have added to our assets by $180.28,
we now having a working capital and equipment amounting to $1,944.14.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Financial Statement

Receipts and Expenditures for the year ending December 31, 1923

Receipts

Balance in bank, Jan. 1st, 1923 $399.48

Cash on hand, Jan. 1st, 1923 3.10

Interest on Victory bonds 82.50

Rebates from Headquarters: —

Nov. and Dec. 1922 56.75

Quarter ending Mar. 31, 1923 359.75

April to Aug. 1923 276.00

Branch news — Dec. 1922 10.00

Branch news — Jan. to April 1923 30.00

Branch news — May to Aug. 1923 24.74

Journal advertising 1922 91.03

Branch Affiliate fees 66.00

Refund from Ball Committee 14.10

Proceeds from sale of luncheon tickets 260.75

Advance from secretary for petty cash 5.00

Bank interest 12.59

$1,691.79

Expenditures

Chateau Laurier for luncheons $561.25

Daffodil Tea Room — Annual meeting 44.40

Office supplies 17.68

Printing 40.54

Subscription to Engineering Journal 6.00

Crabtree Co. — for half tones 16.71

Insurance 2.00

Advance to Ball Committee for 1923 15.00

Advance to Ball Committee for 1924 15.00

Advertising 88.20

A. B. Lambe — expenses of Proceedings Committee 23.90

Scrims — for flowers 35.00

C. P. Edwards — annual popular lecture 16.18

Sundries — Lantern operator, gratuities, etc 75.02

Petty cash — postage, etc 97.29

M. F. Cochrane — for general annual meeting . . . 200.00

Balance in bank, Dec. 31st, 1923 436.46

Balance cash on hand 1.16

$1,691.79

Assets and Liabilities for year ending December 31, 1923.

A cop/c

Furniture (cost $200.00) $ 80.00

Library: —

Book cases (cost $72.50) 50.00

Bound magazines (nominal) 1.00

Books 25.00

Rebates due from Headquarters: —

on 1923 fees 96.50

for Branch news 14.45

for advertising 219.57

Stationery ?Jid equipment 20.00

Victory bonds due December 1, 1937 500.00

Victory bonds due November 1, 1934 500.00

Cash in bank 436.46

Cash on hand 1.16

$1,944.14

Liabilities

Surplus $1,944.14

$1,944.14

Audited and found correct: Noel Ogilvie, m.e.i.c.

Officers for 1924

The annual meeting of the branch will be held in Ottawa on
January 10th, when the officers and members of the Managing Com-
mittee will be elected for the year 1924.

Respectfully submitted,

O. S. Finnie, M.E.I.C., Chairman.

F. C. C. Lynch, Affiliate e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Peterborough Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee we beg to submit the
annual report of the Peterborough Branch for the calendar year of 1923.

Meetings

Thirteen meetings were held during the year, as follows: —

Jan. 11 — "The Operation and Maintenance of Generating and
Transmission Systems," H. C. Don Carlos, chief
operating engineer, Hydro-Electric Power Commission of
Ontario.

Jan. 28 — "The Chemistry of Insulating Varnishes," George S.

Parlour, materials engineer, Canadian General Electric

Company, Peterborough.
Feb. 8 — "The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Waterway," Major

Alexander C. Lewis, m.p.p., secretary of the Canadian

Deep Waterway and Power Development Association.
Feb. 22 — "Einstein's Theory of Relativity and Gravitation,"

Professor L. T. Rutledge, m.e.i.c, Queen's University.
Mar. 8 — "Street Lighting," R. M. Love, street lighting engineer,

Canadian General Electric Company, Toronto.
Mar. 22 — "The Paper Converter," R. A. Brown, manager of the

Canadian Nashua Paper Company of Peterborough.
Apr. 12 — "Asbestos and its Uses," Robert Abbott, manager,

Canadian Raybestos Company, of Peterborough.
May 8 — "Highway Construction," Colonel H. C. Boyden, Chicago,

consulting engineer for the Portland Cement Association.
May 10 — Annual meeting.
Oct. 11— "The Fuel Problem," F. A. Combe, M.E.I.C, chairman of

the Fuel Committee of The Institute and chairman of

the Montreal Branch Fuel Committee.
Oct. 25 — "Application of Electric Arc Welding," J. B. Minns,

b.a.sc, Canadian General Electric Company, Toronto.
Nov. 20 — Annual banquet.
Dec. 13 — "Gold Mining," A. F. Brigham, general manager, Hollinger

Consolidated Gold Mines, Timmins, Ontario.
The average attendance at the meetings was 49.

Membership

The membership of the branch is as follows: —

Members 22

Associate Members 42

Juniors 10

Students 19

Affiliates 2

Branch Affiliates 23

Total 118

The following is the financial statement for the calendar year 1923.

Financial Statement

For the year ending December 31st, 1923
Receipts

Balance in bank, January 1st, 1923 $ 46.22

Rebates and Journal news 134.93

Affiliates fees and Journal subscriptions 60.00

Receipts — annual dinner 151.50

Bank interest .39

$393.04

Expenditures

Rent $ 50.00

Affiliates subscriptions to Journal 29.34

Annual dinner expense 159.64

Printing 65.53

Speaker and meeting expenses 27.60

Lunch 7.50

Funeral expenses 19.79

Insurance on lantern and moving picture machine 10.50

Postage, war-tax, etc 6.28

Balance in bank, December 31st, 1923 16.86

$393.04

Signed — A. B. Gates, a.m.e.i.c, Treasurer.

Respectfully submitted,

R. S. Dobbin, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

R. C. Flitton, A.M.E.I.C., Secretary.

Quebec Branch

Au President et au Conseil,

Le Conseil de la Section de Quebec a l'honneur de vous soumettre
son rapport annuel pour l'annee 1923 comme suit: —

Rdle des Membres

Residents Non residents Total

Membres 16 8 24

Membres Associes 57 37 94

Junior 8 8 16

Etudiants 15 18 33

Affilie 1 — 1

Total des membres 168

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Assemblee Annuelle

L'assemblee annuelle de la Section de Quebec a ete tenue le 21
mai 1923, sous la presidence de M. A. R. Decary, M.E.I. c. — Les
officiers dont les noms suivent ont ete elus pour l'annee 1923: —

President M. A. R. Decary, m.e.i.c.

Vice-President M. A. B. Normandin, A.M.E.I.C.

Secretaire M. Hector Cimon, a.m.e.i.c.

Conseillers MM. Paul Joncas, a.m.e.i.c,

S. L. deCarteret, a.m.e.i.c,
L. C. Dupuis, a.m.e.i.c,
T. E. Rousseau, a.m.e.i.c,
S. S. Oliver, a.m.e.i.c,
J. E. Gibault, a.m.e.i.c

Assemblies

Le Conseil de la Section de Quebec a tenu neuf assemblies durant
l'annee 1923.

Les dejeuners et assemblies du soir de chaque mois ont eu lieu
regulierement du mois de novembre 1922 au mois de mai 1923.

Le 10 mars 1923, une tres interessante excursion a ete faite a
Boischatel pour visiter les usines de la Citadel Brick and Paving Block
Company Limited a cet endroit. — A nos differents dejeuners et
assemblies du soir, nous avons eu frequemment l'occasion de compter
parmi nous des membres de YInstilut, etrangers a notre branche, ainsi
que des personnages de marque dans la vie publique. Toutes nos
reunions ont assemble la presque totalite des membres de notre branche,
et la presse a toujours eu l'amabilite de dormer de tres bons comptes-
rendus de nos travaux.

Toutes les questions soumises par le Conseil General a la Section
de Quebec ont ete etudiees, discutees et transigees.

Notre section a suivi avec interet les travaux de YInstilut et a
prete son plein concours a toutes les questions ayant pour but de
proteger et de promouvoir les interets de YInstilut et de ses membres.

Notre Comite Special s'est occupe de surveiller, de faire une
etude serieuse et de faire un rapport aussi complet que possible sur
toutes les demandes d 'admission qui ont ete referees a notre branche,
et les recommandations necessaires ont ete faites au Conseil General de
YInstilut qui a bien voulu en tenir compte.

Causeries

Les causeries suivantes ont ete faites a nos differents dejeuners
et assemblies du soir: —

"Possibilite de l'utilisation de l'energie cinetique de l'air,"
par M. Gabriel Henry, a.m.e.i.c

"Developpements recents apportes dans la construction
des turbines hydrauliques," par M. Julian C. Smith, m.e.i.c

"L'Avenir de la Profession dTngenieur," par M. Fraser S.
Keith, m.e.i.c, Secretaire-General.

"L'Histoire et les procedes modernes de la fabrication de
la brique," par M. P. A. Galarneau, Gerant, Citadel Brick Co.

"La preparation du bois a pate," par M. S. L. deCarteret,
A.M.E.I.C

"Nos ressources forestieres," par M. Avila Bedard, ingenieur
forestier.

"De l'utilite des recherches," par M. Augustin Frigon, D.Sc,
A.M.E.I.C

"Approvisionnement en eau et modes de correction," par
M. T. J. Lafreniere, m.e.i.c

"Enquetes et devis de divers types de routes en beton,"
par le Col. H. C. Boyden, de l'Association "Portland Cement".

Etat financier de l'annee 1923

' Receltes

Caisse au ler Janvier 1923 $245.85

Interets sur compte de banque 3.43

Remises du Bureau Chef: —

Cotisations des membres 150.00

Nouvelles pour Journal 17.09

Annonces pour Journal 47.42

$463.79

Depenses

Impressions, timbres, etc $ 44.15

Depenses pour assemblies 76.00

Depenses de voyages 65.15

Divers 184.00

$369.30

Solde au ler Janvier 1924 $ 94.49

Respectueusement soumis,

Albert R. Decary, m.e.i.c, President.
Hector Cimon, a.m.e.i.c, Secrelaire-Tresorier.

The President and Council,

The executive of the Quebec Branch begs to present the following
annual report on the work of said branch during the year 1923:—

Members

Associate Members .

Juniors

Students

Affiliate

Membership

Resident
16
57

15
1

Non-resident

Total membership 1 53

Annual Meeting
The annual meeting of the Quebec Branch was held on May 21st
1923, under the presidency of A. R. Decary, m.e.i.c The followinc'
officers were elected for the year 1923: —

President A. R. Decary, m.e.i.c

Vice-President A. B. Normandin, a.m.e.i c

Secretary .Hector Cimon, a.m.e.i.c

Councillors Paul Joncas, a.m.e.i.c,

S. L. deCarteret, a.m.e.i.c,
L. C. Dupuis, a.m.e.i.c,
T. E. Rousseau, a.m.e.i.c,
S. S. Oliver, a.m.e.i.c,
J. E. Gibault, a.m.e.i.c

Meetings

The executive of the Quebec Branch held nine meetings during
the year 1923.

The regular monthly luncheons and evening meetings of the
branch were held from the month of November 1922 to the month
of May 1923.

On March 10th, 1923, a most interesting visit of inspection was
made to the plant of the Citadel Brick and Paving Block Company
Limited, at Boischatel. It has been our pleasure to have frequent
opportunities of welcoming outside members of our Institute and also
prominent men in public life at our different luncheons and evening
meetings. All our meetings did gather together practically the full
membership of the branch, and a very good publicity of the activities
of the branch was given through the press.

All questions submitted by the Council of The Institute have been
studied, discussed and transacted.

Our branch has followed with interest The Institute deliberations
and has devoted its full energy to all matters aiming to the protection
and promotion of the interest of The Institute and its members.

Our special committee has followed closely, studied seriously and
made as complete report as possible on all applications for membership
which have been referred to this branch, and the necessary recom-
mendations have been made to the Council of The Institute who has
kindly taken them into consideration.

Addresses

The following addresses were made at our different luncheons
and evening meetings: —

"Possibilities for the Utilization of Wind Power," by Gabriel

Henry, a.m.e.i.c

"Recent advances in Water Wheel Designs," by Julian C
Smith, M.E.I.C

"The Future of the Engineering Profession," by Fraser S.
Keith, m.e.i.c, general secretary.

"The History and Modern Process of the Manufacture of
Bricks," by P. A. Galarneau, manager, Citadel Brick Company.

"The Manufacture of Pulp Wood," by S. L. deCarteret.

a.m.e.i.c

"Our Forest Resources," by Avila Bedard, forestry engineer.
"The Usefulness of Scientific Researches," by Augustin
Frigon, D.Sc., A.M.E.I.C

"Water Supplies and how to Treat Them," by T. J. Lafre-
niere, M.E.I.C

"Concrete highway investigations and specifications," by
Col. H. C. Boyden of the Portland Cement Association.

Financial Statement for the year 1923

Revenue

Cash in bank, Jan. 1st, 1923 $245.85

Bank interest 3.43

Rebates from Headquarters: — Members' fees 150.00

Branch news 17.09

Advertising 47.42

$468.79

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Expenditures

Printing, stamps, etc $ 44.15

Expenses of meetings 76.00

Travelling expenses 65.15

Miscellaneous 184.00

■ $369.30

Balance on hand, January 1st, 1924 $ 94.49

Respectfully submitted,

Albert R. Decary, m.e.i.c, Chairman.
Hector Cimon, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Saguenay Branch

The President and Council,

The Saguenay Branch was inaugurated at a general meeting held
on August 10th, 1923, at Messrs. Price Brothers' Staff-House at
Kenogami. Several of the most prominent members of The Institute
were present among whom were President Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c,
Secretary Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c, and Councillor Frederick B. Brown,
M.E.I.C.

The president, after making a few very appropriate remarks on
the new branch and its duties, declared the branch in existence, after
which the following officers were elected: —

Chairman W. G. Mitchell, m.e.i.c

Vice-Chairman C. N. Shanly, a.m.e.i.c

Secretary-Treasurer Burroughs Pelletier, a.m.e.i.c

Executive Committee. . . .H. V. Bignell, a.m.e.i.c,
A. Duperron, a.m.e.i.c,
J. F. Grenon, a.m.e.i.c,
Georges LaMothe, a.m.e.i.c,
N. F. McCaghey, a.m.e.i.c
The meeting then had the pleasure of hearing President Walter
J. Francis, m.e.i.c, W. G. Mitchell, m.e.i.c (the newly elected chair-
man), J. T. Farmer, m.e.i.c, Frederick B. Brown, m.e.i.c, A. F. Dyer,
a.m.e.i.c, H. S. VanScoyoc, m.e.i.c, Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c, and
J. F. Grenon, a.m.e.i.c, say a few words each, on subjects relating
to the engineering profession. Sir William Price being obliged to
leave early had previously addressed the meeting.

Following the inauguration meeting the Saguenay Branch has
held several committee meetings for the purposes of drawing up a
set of by-laws, and organizing the branch on an efficient basis as regards
its activities and programme.

The following committees have been named: Membership, J. P.
Chapleau, a.m.e.i.c, (chairman), L. A. Dubreuil, a.m.e.i.c, G. B.
Snow, a.m.e.i.c; Papers, C. N. Shanly, a.m.e.i.c, (chairman), H. G.
Cochrane, a.m.e.i.c, A. Duperron, a.m.e.i.c The latter committee
although the season was far advanced when it came into existence,
has so far progressed that a programme for the coming winter's lectures
will be announced shortly. Several prominent members of The Institute
are expected to figure on this programme.

Pending this future programme of lectures, the branch has had the
pleasure of hearing Rear- Admiral W. J. Anstey on the "Progress of
Engineering in the Royal Navy". Judging by the appreciation of
those present the future lectures of the branch are going to be very
popular amongst the members.

The branch is looking forward to the coming year when it will be
finally organized and definitely on the road to follow the exemple so
ably set by its numerous sister branches in promoting the interests
of the engineering profession.

Financial Statement

The financial status of the Saguenay Branch as at December 31st,
1923, is as follows: —

Receipts

Cheque received from Headquarters $100.00

Rebates to Dec. 31st, due from Headquarters 2.38

$102.38

Expenditures

Expenses re lecture by Admiral W. J. Anstey $ 13.00

Stationery and postage 3.00

$ 16.00

Balance in bank 84.00

Rebates due from Headquarters 2.38

$102.38

Respectfully submitted,

W. G. Mitchell, m.e.i.c, Chairman.

Burroughs Pelletier, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Saskatchewan Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee, we beg to submit the
annual report for 1923. We would point out that as our branch year
ends on February 28th, the period covered by this report refers to a
portion of two branch years, which were controlled by different
executives.

The year 1923 has been one of generally depressed conditions
throughout the west, which did not allow for a large increase in our
branch membership due to the lack of engineering work. There has
been a loss due to the removal of several of our members to points
outside the branch jurisdiction, but we are pleased to report the con-
sideration of seventeen new applications for membership and by the
amendments to The Institute by-laws several additions have been
made to our branch membership of non-resident members, so that
we feel the branch to-day stands in a very healthy condition.

As our branch comprises the largest area of any branch in the
Dominion it is difficult for the majority of our members to receive
the full benefit of branch meetings, as they reside some distance from
branch headquarters. This feature is fully appreciated by the executive,
whose aim at all times has been to further provide for the non-resident
members. Suggestions for improvement along these lines are always
welcome and they will receive the careful consideration of the executive.
In order to stimulate greater interest in the meetings, the Papers and
Library Committee have inaugurated a change in policy, whereby
some speakers from outside the engineering profession were invited
to address the branch on topics associated with engineering, but not
necessarily technical.

We have been fortunate in securing the dining room of the
Parliament Buildings for our luncheons and meetings, where better
accommodation at reduced rates has been secured. This change,
it is hoped, will provide for a substantial increase in attendance. The
several committees of the branch have been quite active. The Papers
and Library Committee under the chairmanship of S. R. Parker,
a.m.e.i.c, arranged for a splendid list of speakers and social functions,
and the Entertainment Committee under the chairmanship of H. N.
MacPherson, a.m.e.i.c, added considerable "pep" to the meetings,
which was much appreciated by all.

The annual summer meeting of the branch, which was held at
Estevan, Saskatchewan, on August 17th, and 18th, proved to be
the premium event of the year for those who were fortunate enough
to attend. Together with the visitors from the Winnipeg Branch,
we were royally entertained by the various organizations and industries
of the district, and a hearty invitation to return for a future meeting
at an early date will receive the careful consideration of the coming
year's executive.

During 1923 the executive held nine meetings at which the routine
business of the branch was attended to. Twelve regular and special
meetings were held, the majority of them being proceeded by a dinner.
The following sets out the particulars of the regular and special meetings.

Jan. 11— "Wireless Telephony," S. R. Parker, A.M.E.I.C, Dept. of
Telephones, Saskatchewan Government.
"Electrons," C. W. Doody, Dept. of Telephones, Saskat-
chewan Government.

Jan. 24 — "Scientific Methods of Industrial and Commercial
Lighting," J. A. Daly, manager, Northern Electric
Company, Regina.

Feb. 6 — Ladies night and social evening.

Feb. 22 — "Engineering Cost Accounting," E. A. Markham,
a.m.e.i.c, superintendent, Poole Construction Company,
Regina.

Mar. 6 — Annual meeting, election of officers, reports, banquet and
theatre party.
"Underground Electrical Construction as a Factor in
the Conservation of Streets and Highways," Mr.
Cowley, superintendent of Electric Light and Power,
Saskatoon.

Mar. 22 — "Is the Development of a City Limited by lack of
Facilities for Disposing of Sewage and a Good Water
Supply," G. D. Mackie, m.e.i.c, city commissioner,
Moose Jaw.

Apr. 12 — "Water Supply and Irrigation as Affecting Saskat-
chewan," Wm. Pearce, m.e.i.c, Dept. of Natural Resour-
ces, C.P.R., Calgary.

Aug. 17-18-Annual summer meeting at Estevan, Sask., including visits
to mines, lignite briquet ting plant and various plants
and points of interest. Banquet and address on
"Saskatchewan Coals for Boiler and Domestic
Purposes", J. B. Hamilton, a.m.e.i.c, town engineer,
Estevan, Sask.

Sept. 22 — Visit to Condie dam, and luncheon as guests of the C.U.
McManus Construction Company, and T. C. Main,
a.m.e.i.c, chief engineer of C.N.R.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Oct. 11 — "Civil Aviation," Capt. T. Spence, secretary, Saskatchewan

Branch, Canadian Air Force Association.
Nov. 8 — Ladies night and social evening, "Bird Life of Saskat-
chewan," F. Bradshaw, chief game guardian, province
of Saskatchewan.
Dec. 13— "International Finance," Professor W. W. Swanson,
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
Financial Statement
March 1st to December 31st, 1923
Revenue

Bank balance, March 8th, 1923 $ 84.36

Branch dues 228.20

Rebates from Headquarters, Jan. to Aug 190.44

Meetings 273.00

Sundries 14.31

$790.31

Expenditures

Rebates to Headquarters $ 30.60

Meetings 358.55

Stationery, printing and postage 57.57

Sundries 22.65

Honorarium to secretary-treasurer, on account . . . 100.00

Scholarships to University 1922 and 1923 200.00

Bank balance 7.79

Cash on hand 13.15

Assets $790 - 31

Bank balance, Dec. 31st, 1923 $ 7.79

Cash on hand 13.15

Outstanding Branch dues 298.00

Outstanding Headquarters rebates 162.50

Furniture and library 50.00

Liabilities ~ $ 531 - 44

Branch dues paid in advance $ 5.00

Accounts payable 121.25

Surplus 405.19

$531.44

Respectfully submitted,

A. C. Garner, m.e.i.c., Chairman.

D. A. R. McCannel, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Sault Ste. Marie Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee I beg to report on the
operations for the year 1923 for Sault Ste. Marie Branch as follows:
The branch held ten meetings all of which were fairly well attended.
The experiment of holding the monthly meetings at the residences
of the several members was abandoned after the March meeting.
Since then all have been held at the Y.W.C.A., beginning with a
dinner at 7.00 p.m., followed by the business meeting. The incon-
venience of going to the right house was the determining factor in
trying to find a convenient and suitable place for the branch to meet,
and the Y.W.C.A., has answered all requirements, being convenient,
suitable and comfortable to say nothing of the pleasure of the members
while enjoying the hospitality of the superintendent of the institution.

Meetings

Jan. 25— Meeting at the residence of B. E. Barnhill, m.e.i.c, chairman.
Paper by J. L. Lang, m.e.i.c, d. & O.L.S., on "Roads
and Road Building".

Mar. 1 — Meeting at the residence of J. H. Jenkinson, a.m.e.i.c
At this meeting we were to have had a paper or address
on aviation by Mr. Avery, forester of the Spanish River
Pulp and Paper Company, but owing to his unavoidable
absence from the city we discussed many interesting
rumours current at the time. These included "the
First Robin", "Wolf Stories" true and otherwise in fact
the "Folk Lore" of the north country.

Mar. 23 — Meeting at the residence of the secretary. This was the
last trial of the private residence meeting scheme. It was
a stormy night and the secretary lives at the other end of
nowhere, the snow was deep and falling so fast the two
members ten minutes apart in arriving saw no sign of
each other nor was there any trail for the second man
to follow. We had no paper the speaker could not get
through. Those present discussed the possibilities of
getting a more convenient place of meeting and K. G.
Ross, a.m.e.i.c, chairman of the Entertainment Com-
mittee was instructed to see what could be done.

Apr. 2o — Meeting at the Y.W.C.A. Address by Mr. Avery on
"Aviation" which proved very interesting to the 20
members present. Practically all of whom entered into
the discussion following.

June 4 — The meeting of May which was postponed was addressed
by Capt. F. A. Dallyn, b.a.Sc, m.e.i.c, on "Sanitation".
At this meeting we had a number of the medical profession

as guests who greatly appreciated the address and who
discussed some of the features of it.

June 11 — Mr. Boyden of the American Cement Association addressed
the meeting on "Concrete Road Construction" and
answered the many questions of the members and guests.

Sept. 27 — C. C. Hayward of the Walsh Fire Clay Products Company,
addressed this meeting on "The manufacture of Fire
Clay Products", illustrating his remarks with slides of
the company's works. The guests of the evening were
the several users and dealers in such articles and were
much interested in the address.

Oct. 25 — C. H. Speer, M.E.I.C, discussed the "Report of the Hydro-
Electric Commission on the Water Power in St.
Mary's River available of Sault Ste. Marie". To
this meeting were invited the Mayor James Dawson;
Chairman of the Public Utilities Commission Dr. Shan-
non, and Secretary of the Board of Trade W. E. Wolfe,
who took great interest in the subject which is of very
great importance to the city. J. W. LeB. Ross, m.e.i.c,
superintendent of the Ship Canal and H. A. Morey,
a.m.e.i.c, also took part in presenting the subject. The
Mayor and other guests also took part in the discussion
following.

Nov. 30 — W. S. Wilson, a.m.e.i.c, gave a paper on "Central Heat-
ing", applying the idea to a portion of the city. This
was a very well attended meeting and one of the most
interesting papers of the season.

Dec. 28 — The annual meeting. The Nominating Committee reported
the result of the election of officers for the year 1924, as
follows: —

Chairman, L. R. Brown, a.m.e.i.c
Vice-Chairman, Wm. Seymour, m.e.i.c
Secretary-Treasurer, W. S. Wilson, a.m.e.i.c
Executive Committee, J. W. LeB. Ross, m.e.i.c,

and R. J. Caswell, a.m.e.i.c
Nominating Committee, C. H. E. Rounthwaite, a.m.e.i.c,
H. H. Robertson, a.m.e.i.c,
H. H. Cantwell, a.m.e.i.c

Financial Statement

For the Year ending December 31st, 1923
Receipts

Balance on hand, January 1st, 1923 $ 92.11

Rebates from Headquarters 69.25

Dues of Branch Affiliates 15.00

Receipts from Journal advertising and Branch

news 84.00

Subscriptions to Journal 8.00

Subscriptions to defray costs of dinners 72.00

Total $340.36

Disbursements

Meetings and general expense $190.77

Subscriptions to Journal remitted to Headquarters 10.00

$200.77

Balance on hand December 31st, 1923 139.59

$340.36

Assets

In current account Royal Bank $ 81.84

Cash on hand 57.75

$139.59

Respectfully submitted,

C. H. E. Rounthwaite, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

St. John Branch

The President and Council,

Herewith is the sixth annual report of the St. John Branch of
The Engineering Institute of Canada for the year ending December
31st, 1923.

Meetings

During the year there have been ten meetings of the executive
when business of the branch has been dealt with. Ten meetings of
the branch have been held in St. John, at which papers were read in
addition to a social evening in February and the annual dinner-meeting
in May.

In February the branch held a joint meeting with the Engineering
Society of the University of New Brunswick at Fredericton. Four
papers were delivered by members of this branch on city surveying,
harbour engineering, waterworks construction and railway maintenance
engineering. A similar trip is proposed in 1924 to give non-resident
members a chance to attend a branch meeting.

In June the branch had as dinner guests Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c,
president of The Institute; U. Valiquet, M.E.I.C, C. R. Coutlee, m.e.i.c,
Ottawa, and H. G. Acres, m.e.i.c, Niagara Falls.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

On September 26th and 27th, the Maritime General Professional
Meeting with a total registration of one hundred and fifty was held
in St. John. Five papers were read, visits paid to two engineering
works, three luncheons and a banquet held. Officers of The Institute
attenting this meeting were Walter J. Francis, M.E.I.C., president;
F. P. Shearwood, m.e.i.c., vice-president; and Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c.,
general secretary. This meeting has enabled our members to become
acquainted with visiting members, and has resulted in a better appre-
ciation of The Institute by both its members and the general public.

On October 29th, the work of a number of our members was
given prominence when the St. John drydock at Courtenay bay was
opened. This event was made a civic half-holiday and attended by
upwards of a hundred visitors from central Canada and eastern United
States.

Membership

Under the re-allocation of territory this branch now claims as

members those living in the nine western counties of New Brunswick.

The branch membership on December 31st, 1923, is as follows: —

Grade

Members

Associate Members. . . .

Juniors

Affiliates

Students

Branch Affiliates

sident

Non-resident

Total

Totals 63 28 91

Total at end of 1923 91, total at end of 1922, 69, net gain 22.
Applications for admission pending: — resident 2; non-resident 2.

Financial Statement

Receipts

Balance December 31st, 1922 $151.42

Rebates from Headquarters 95.75

Branch news from Headquarters 46.82

Dues and subscriptions from Branch Affiliates . . . 18.00

Entertainment receipts 145.08

Maritime Professional Meeting 532.00

Total

$989.07

Expenses

Stationery and printing $ 43.50

Postage 14.10

Dinners and entertainment 183.13

Hall and meeting expenses 80.25

Journal subscriptions (Branch Affiliates) 6.00

Refund of loan to Headquarters 50.00

Sundries 6.14

Maritime professional meeting 522.85

Total

$905.97

Balance (December 31st, 1923) $ 83.10

Respectfully submitted,

Harry F. Bennett, a.m.e.i.c, Chairman.
W. J. Johnston, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Toronto Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive of the Toronto Branch the undersigned
present herewith the annual report of the branch for the year 1923.
The practice of the Toronto Branch for some time past has been to
elect its executive in March, so that the calendar year is covered in
part by one executive and in part by another. This method has been
found desirable, as it makes one executive wholly responsible for the
programme and activities of the branch during the winter session.
The arrangement of a programme and the carrying of it out are facilitat-
ed through having one administration solely and entirely responsible
for it.

The executives for the period January to March 1923, and March
to December 1923, are as follows: —

January to March, 1923

Wm. Storrie, m.e.i.c

E. G. Hewson, m.e.i.c

O. M. Falls, a.m.e.i.c

Peter Gillespie, m.e.i.c. . .
G. G. Powell, m.e.i.c.
M. V. Sauer, M.E.I.C.
R. C. Muir, m.e.i.c.
N. D. Wilson, A.M.E.I.C.
W. A. Duff, M.E.I.C.

March to December, 1923
. .Chairman. . .C. R. Young, m.e.i.c.
. Vice-Chair. J. M. Oxley, m.e.i.c.
. .Sec.-Treas. J. A. Knight, a.m.e.i.c.
. .Executive.. .Peter Gillespie, m.e.i.c.

T. R. Loudon, m.e.i.c.

J. G. R. Wainwright, a.m.e.i.c.

N. D. Wilson, a.m.e.i.c.

R. C. Muir, m.e.i.c.

A. C. Oxley, A.M.E.I.C

C. H. Mitchell, m.e.i.c Ex-Officio.

C. R. Young, m.e.i.c.
G. T. Clark, a.m.e.i.c.
R.C.Wynne-Roberts, m.e.i.c.

C. H. Mitchell, m.e.i.c.
R. O. Wynne-Roberts, m.e.i.c.
G. T. Clark, a.m.e.i.c.
Wm. Storrie, m.e.i.c.

Membership

The membership of the Toronto Branch has fallen off very slightly
during I he year 1923, due very largely to the fact that the number of
engineering students in the university has decreased by about 200,
and with it the number of student numbers attached to the branch.
A slight reduction in the membership is also due to the fact that a
large amount of territory formerly attached to the Toronto Branch
has been allocated to the Sault Ste. Marie Branch. The membership
as at December 31st, 1923, is 647, as classified in the following table.
For 1922 the membership was 661. Considering the large drop in
student membership resident within the territory of the Toronto
Branch, it is seen that the branch has really more than held its own
in the matter of membership.

Membership at December 31st, 1923.

Members

Associate Members .

Juniors

Students

Affiliates

Branch Affiliates . . .

Branch

Residents

Non-residents

Total

123

126

262

284

145

166

—

595

647

Meetings

During the year the executive has held 16 meetings, most of
which have been called at 7.30 p.m., on the evenings of the regular
meetings. This practice makes it possible to carry on the business
of the branch with a minimum loss of time on the parts of the members
of the executive.

The present executive has inaugurated the policy of holding
occasional luncheon meetings addressed by prominent speakers. The
first one was held on April 19th, and was addressed by President Walter
J. Francis, m.e.i.c, who spoke on Institute affairs, and particularly
on the fuel situation. There was an attendance of 175 members.
On October 12th, another luncheon meeting was addressed by E. J.
Mehren, editor of Engineering News-Record, on the subject of Engin-
eering Research. This was also well attended, there being 125 members
and guests present. It is planned to hold at least one more luncheon
meeting during the term of office of the present executive. The
policy has been shown to be a sound one, in that many members who
did not attend the evening meetings will make it a point to attend
the luncheon meetings downtown. In addition, the social side of
these meetings has proved to be a valuable asset. During the year
1923, there were 15 evening meetings held. Beginning with the
autumn session meetings have been held in room 22, Mining building,
University of Toronto, as the lecture room of the Engineers' Club
has been found too small for comfort. The policy of seeking larger
quarters uptown has resulted in an improved attendance. The average
attendance for the meetings, beginning October 18th, has been 69.

In planning the programme for the present winter session, the
policy of the executive has been to select subjects which would have
as wide an appeal as possible. While highly specialized topics are
of great interest to certain members, the numbers so interested repre-
sent but a small fraction of the total membership. It has been planned
to draw attendance from as wide a circle of members as possible.

The subjects considered at the evening meetings for the year
1923, with the list of speakers is as follows: —

Jan. 11 — Annual dinner, Engineers' Club.

Jan. 18 — Discussion of report of Branch Committee on Fees, led by

Frank Barber, m.e.i.c
Feb. 1— "Analysis of Ball Paths in Tube Mills by High Speed

Photography," supplemented by a talk on "Some

Recent Psychology", Professor H. E. T. Haultain,

M.E.I.C
Feb. 8 — "Rainfall and Its Measurement," Sir Frederick Stupart.
Feb. 15 — "The Railway Situation in the Toronto District,"

H. K. Wicksteed, m.e.i.c
Feb. 22 — Joint Meeting with Canadian Section, American Waterworks

Association, under auspices of the latter. Discussion of

paper "Methods of Purifying Public Water Supplies",

by Norman J. Howard.
Mar. 1 — "Electrification of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St.

Paul Railroad," A. L. Mudge, a.m.e.i.c
Mar. 8— "Federal Valuation of Railways in U.S.A.," Arthur

Crumpton, M.E.I.C

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Oct. 18 — "The Rise of the Engineer." Inaugural address of the
chairman of the branch, Professor C. R. Young, M.E.I.C

Oct. 25— "The Highway Situation in Ontario," Hon. Geo. S.
Henry, minister of public works and highways for Ontario.

Nov. 1 — "Expert Evidence," Hon. Mr. Justice William Renwick
Riddell. Joint meeting with Toronto Section A.I.E.E.,
Toronto Section, A.S.M.E., Toronto Branch, Canadian
Institute of Chemistry, Society of Chemical Industry,
and Toronto Chapter Illuminating Engineering Society.

Nov. 8— "A Proper Freight Rate for Coal," M. J. Butler, C.M.G.,
m.e.i.c, past-president, The Engineering Institute of
Canada.

Nov. 15 — Smoker in the East Common room, Harl House, University
of Toronto; with addresses by President Walter J. Francis,
m.e.i.c, and General Secretary Fraser S. Keith, M.E.I.C

Nov. 22 — "Patents," Herbert J. S. Dennison, patent attorney.

Nov. 29— "Recent Developments on the T. & N.O. Ry.," S. B.
Clement, m.e.i.c

Dec. 6 — "Inspection of Materials," R. J. Marshall, M.E.I.C.

Dec. 13— "Heating," F. R. Ewart, M.E.I.C

Committees

The work of the branch has been greatly facilitated by the active
services of the various branch committees. Meetings of the branch
have been given excellent publicity due to the work of the Publicity
Committee. The Committee on Students' Relations has been doing
good work in enlisting the co-operation of students in the branch
meetings. Amendments to the branch by-laws have been prepared
after thorough study by the Committee on By-laws, and are shortly
to be put to vote by the branch membership. The Library Committee
is busily engaged having a catalogue made, not only of the books belong-
ing to the branch, but all engineering publications in the libraries of
the city. The branch Fuel Committee has been actively at work in
carrying on its part of the investigation now being conducted by The
Institute's Fuel Committee.

The chairmen of the various committees of the branch are as
follows: —

Finance Committee

Publicity Committee

Programme Committee

Committee of Fees

Students' Relations

Reception Committee

By-Laws Committee

Fuel Committee

Library Committee

J. M. Oxley, M.E.I.C.
.L. W. Wynne- Roberts, a.m.e.i.c.
.C. R. Young, M.E.I.C
.Frank Barber, m.e.i.c.
.T. R. Loudon, m.e.i.c

R. O. Wynne-Roberts, m.e.i.c

N. D. Wilson, a.m.e.i.c
.M. J. Butler, c.m.g., m.e.i.c.

A. C. Oxley, a.m.e.i.c.

Financial Statement

Financially the branch is in excellent condition, having cash on
hand in excess of that on hand at the end of 1922. The statement
of revenue and expenditures is as follows: —

Revenue

Cash on hand, Jan. 1st, 1923 $ 994.40

Receipts from banquet, Jan. 11, 1923 110.00

Rebates and Branch news 1,091.34

Interest to Dec. 31, 1923 23.10

Affiliates fees 30.00

$2,148.84

Expenditure

Advertising and printing $ 289.60

Engineers' Club rent, 1922 200.00

Secretary's honorarium 100.00

Library Committee, on account 31.40

Expenses of banquet, Jan. 11, 1923 131.75

Stenographic services 77.82

Expenses re luncheon meetings 85.05

Secretary's expenses re annual meeting 31.00

Rent of room 22, Mining building 9.00

Flowers for late President St. Laurent 25.51

Office furniture 38.00

Insurance 21.15

Stamps 10.00

Cash on hand, Dec. 31st 1,098.56 an _ itOBA

$2,148.84

Respectfully submitted,

C. R. Young, m.e.i.c. Chairman.

J. A. Knight, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Vancouver Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee, I have the honour to
report on the affairs of the Vancouver Branch, for the year 1923, as
follows: —

General Meeting

The attendance at the general meetings of the branch, averaged
about 25, as compared with 30 for 1922, and 45 during 1921. This
means that the average attendance during the past year has only been
about 16 per cent of the active membership.

The general meetings of the branch during 1923 numbered six,
as follow: —

Feb. 19 — Debate: Students of the University of British Columbia.
"Resolved that the building of the Second Narrows bridge
is in the best interests of the city and surrounding
municipalities".

Affirmative: Arts.

Negative: Applied Science, (winners)
May 3— Lecture: "Irrigation in Mesopotamia", Major Geo. B.
Hull, a.m.e.i.c, formerly district irrigation officer,
Bagdad.

May 19 — Inspection at Stave Falls hydro-electric plant. The members
of the party were the guests of the British Columbia
Electric Railway Company, Ltd.

June 20 — Inspection at Britannia Mines. This trip was held jointly
with the Mining Section of the Vancouver Board of
Trade. A special steamer was chartered, to take the
party to Britannia Beach, Howe Sound. The members,
while at the mine and the mill, were the guests of the
Britannia Mining and Smelting Company.

Nov. 23— Lecture: "Notes on Recent Developments in Municipal
Engineering", W. B. Greig, a.m.e.i.c, engineer, corpora-
tion of Point Grey. Mr. Greig gathered this data during
a recent tour of the larger cities of the Western States.
The paper was illustrated with screen views.

Dec. 19— Annual general meeting.

Executive Committee

The Executive Committee held seven meetings during the year.
Considerable routine business was transacted, but the few matters of
special interest which were dealt with, did not require any noteworthy
proceedings to dispose of them.

General Review of 1923 Business

Institute Nominating Committee

James Muirhead, m.e.i.c, was appointed by the Executive Com-
mittee on January 11th, to represent the Vancouver Branch during 1923.

Membership Committee

The Membership Committee was expanded to include the whole
Executive Committee. Major Geo. A. Walkem, m.e.i.c, and W. H.
Powell, m.e.i.c, were especially active among the science students of
the University of British Columbia, resulting in the receipt of about
15 applications for Student membership. Regarding higher grades
in The Institute, three applications for membership have been received,
as a direct result of the efforts of this committee, while several more
are pending.

Other Business

Among other matters which received attention during the year
were, the Moberley Fund, the Institute Fuel Inquiry, Advertising in
The Journal, and the programme of meetings and summer trips.

There is nothing of special interest to report in connection with
these matters, except that two of the proposed summer trips were
abandoned on account of the comparatively poor attendance experienc-
ed on the first two excursions.

Branch Elections

Our branch by-laws require that branch elections be conducted
by letter-ballot. For the election held in December, 1922, the secretary
mailed 131 letter-ballots, but only 50, or 38 per cent, were marked
and returned. Similarly, for the present election, 132 ballots were
mailed, but only 50 members voted. This fact is worth noting, in
view of the annual expenditure of nearly $20.00 involved in the election
and annual meeting.

Quarters

The office and library of the Vancouver Branch, at 930 Birks
Bldg., costs the branch $240.00 per annum, paid to the Association
of Professional Engineers of B.C., as the branch's share of the rental
of joint quarters. The advantage of this arrangement is that the

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

branch has the use of good quarters in a convenient location, and
close connection with the Association of Professional Engineers, at an
annual expense which is at least $120.00 less than what would have
to be incurred if the branch occupied separate quarters.

It would, however, be greatly to our advantage if the joint quarters
could so be arranged, that a meeting room, capable of seating about
40 persons, would be available without payment of additional rental.
Under existing conditions, an outlay of from $5.00 to $10.00 for rental
of a hall, has to be made every time the branch holds a general meeting.
This is a matter which should be pressed. The council of the Associa-
tion of Professional Engineers has had the matter under consideration;
but if the urgency of it is pointed out, there is no doubt that a satis-
factory solution of the problem can be attained.

Library

Under the existing arrangement with the other societies occupying
the quarters at 930 Birks building, which provides a joint library for
the use of the members, the library is undoubtedly increasing in value.
The fruits of Mr. Wheatley's labours as librarian are very evident
in the general improvement of the room and the increasing patronage.
But the library itself is not what it might be, if the interest in it were
more general. We have gone too far to retrench. What is now of
vital importance is a definite library policy, followed by concerted effort
directed by a strong committee.

At the present time, a considerable assortment of useful and
interesting periodicals of a technical nature are available for the benefit
of any and every member of The Institute who cares to visit the library.
The librarian is seriously handicapped, however, through lack of ade-
quate shelving, which renders efficient filing an impossibility. The
books, while containing valuable material, need proper indexing, and
should be supplemented by a selection of the more outstanding recent
engineering works, to bring the library up to date. The most com-
monsense basis on which to fix a library policy, under present financial
circumstances, would appear to be to a modest sum, sufficient to
provide a small but efficient library which will encourage rather than
discourage the use of it. Once appreciation of its possibilities is
firmly established in the minds of our members, their interest will
carry it on.

By-Laws
A thorough revision of the branch by-laws should be undertaken
by a competent committee. After adoption by the branch, the advisa-
bility of issuing printed copies in booklet form to our members should
be considered.

Membership
Grade Dec. 19th, 1923 Dec. 19th, 1922

Members 55 50

Associate Members 75 81

Juniors 2 5

Students 23 16

Affiliates 1 1

Total 156 153

The recent allotment of Non-Resident members to the Vancouver

Branch by action of the Council in July, 1923, is as follows: —

Members 18

Associate Members 50

Juniors 10

Students 5

Affiliates 1

Total 84

The by-laws of the branch should be amended to cover this Non-
Resident membership.

Committees
During the past year, such sub-committees as were required,
were, for the sake of convenience, appointed from the members of
the Executive Committee. There are, however, a number of members
of the branch whose advise and assistance would not only benefit the
Executive Committee, but whose interest in branch affairs would help
to stimulate activity in the other 84 per cent. It would therefore seem
desirable to have these gentlemen well represented on our sub-com-
mittees during the year 1924.

Financial Statement
The following is the treasurer's statement as at December 19th,
1923:—

Receipts

Balance on hand, Dec. 19th, 1922 $274.54

Less Swan Donation 25.00

$249.54

Rebates on fees, Nov. 1922 to Nov. 1923 . 270.63

Branch news, Nov. 1922 to Nov. 1923 29.73

Rental of lantern 2.00

Total $551.90

Expenditures

Rent, 930 Birks bldg $240.00

Board of Trade Auditorium 10.00

Technical School Auditorium 10.00

Printing 26.35

Postage 13.94

Telegrams 4.09

Stationery, etc 5.72

Addressograph .98

Bank exchange .70

Honorarium to secretary 50.00

Canadian Engineer subscription .' 3.15

Miscellaneous 1.50

Balance, Dec. 19th, 1923 185.47

Total $551.90

There are no outstanding accounts to be paid. The balance of
$185.47 on hand at the date of this report, which covers fees and branch
news for 13 months, shows a shrinkage for the year of $64.07 as com-
pared with a shrinkage of $89.42 for the year 1922. At this rate, the
present cash surplus will probably disappear in a little over two years.
The assets of the branch, covering furniture and library have not been
valued.

Donation by A. D. Swan, M.E.I.C.

On March 28th, 1921, A. D. Swan, m.e.i.c, donated a sum of
$25.00 to be used by the branch for a student's prize. This amount
was overlooked in the 1922 report, but has been deducted from our
branch funds in the report for this year. This amount should be
placed in the hands of a special committee, to be applied in the way
suggested by the donor, Mr. Swan.

Moberley Fund

This fund is invested in Victory bonds, whose par value is $400.00.
The accrued coupon and savings bank interest to date amounts to
$188.65.

At the present time this fund is growing at the rate of about
$25.00 annually. If the savings be added to the principal about the
end of 1924, and a further purchase of $200.00 worth of 5 per cent
Victory bonds be made, the annual interest return would amount to
$30.00.

This suggests that the fund could be used advantageously, to
endow a student's prize, if such a policy would meet with the approval
of the original trustees of the fund.

Respectfully submitted,

P. H. Buchan, a.M.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

Victoria Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Executive Committee I beg to present the
following report for your consideration: — ■

Membership

The strength of this branch as advised from Headquarters on
November 5th, is as follows: — ■

Members , 32

Associate Members 34

Juniors 3

Students 2

Total 71

The following branch members left the city during the year: —
T. Rognaas, a.M.e.i.c, R. H. Vaughan, a.M.e.i.c.

New members arriving during the year or returned to this city
include the following: —

G. B. Mitchell, m.e.i.c. J. R. Grant, m.e.i.c.

A. L. Carruthers, m.e.i.c. G. Phillips, a.M.e.i.c.

J. McGown, m.e.i.c. G. B. Dixon, a.M.e.i.c.

J. Hunter, m.e.i.c. K. M. Chadwick, a.M.e.i.c.

W. W. Bell, m.e.i.c. W. S. Lawrence, jr.E.i.c

Meetings

The activities of the branch during the year included lectures and
visits of inspection, but I regret to report that not more than a score
of our membership took any interest and not more than a dozen
indicated an inclination to regularly support the branch by their
attendance at these affairs. The lectures were as follows: — ■
"Mount Everest Expedition (1921)," Major E. O. Wheeler, D.S.O., R.E.
"Science of Geology as applied to War Operations," Professor

R. W. Brock, m.a., f.g.s., f.r.c.s.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

"Description of Victoria Gas Company's Plant," F. II. HewIingS

"Marine Borers," Professor C. McLean Fraser.

"Charting Operations on the B.C. Coast," H. D. Parizcau.

A.M.E.I.C.

The following visits of inspection were made: —

Plant of Victoria Gas Company, by the courtesy of F. H. Hewlings,

superintendent.
Government Meteorological Observatory, (Gonzales Hill), by the

courtesy of Napier Denison.
D. G. Survey Ship "Lillooet", by the courtesy of H. D. Parizeau,

A.M.E.I.C.

Financial Statement
Balance sheet, Dec. 1st, 1922, to Dec. 1st, 1923

Balance in bank, 1922 $ 60.17

Cash in hand, 1922 9.08

■ $ 69.25

Receipts
Fees from Dec. 1st, 1922, to Nov. 30th, 1923 .... $159.50
Rebates from Headquarters 145.23

$304.73
DisbuTsetuctits

Rent of room, Nov. 1st, 1922, to Nov. 30th, 1923 $123.00

Insurance on office property 5.45

Postage 13.00

Stationery 11.50

Typing 9.15

Printing notices 20.78

Reception debit balance 32.83

Honorarium 50.00

Chamber of Commerce, membership 25.00

Rental of halls for lectures 13.50

Magazines 16.50

Light 1.68

Janitor 3.00

Exchange on cheque .92

$326.31
Excess of disbursements over receipts $ 21.58

Balance in hand $ 47.67

Bank balance $ 38.89

Cash 8.78

— — — $ 47.67

In concluding this report I should like to express the opinion
that due to the inconvenience of meeting the local assessments during
the recent years of what might be called "hard times", we have lost
the support of a considerable number of Institute members resident
in the city which has created a situation unfavourable for successful
accomplishment of the purposes for which the branch organization
exists. That is, instead of getting the members together and at least
acquainted with one another, there is the danger of having two camps
— the minority consisting of those supporting and controlling the
branch organization and a not altogether inarticulate majority con-
sisting of those who do not willingly support the branch and have
no control over its activities and who are conscious that a portion of
their dues paid to Montreal are contributed to the expenses of the
branch organization.

I wish to thank the chairman for his patient guidance and
assistance in the little I was able to accomplish as secretary during
the past year.

Respectfully submitted,

Hugh Peters, a.m.e.i.c, Branch Secretary.

Winnipeg Branch

The President and Council,

On behalf of the Winnipeg Branch we beg to submit the following
report for the year 1923: —

Membership

The membership of the branch at this date is 278 and of the
branch district 29, a total of 307, distributed as follows: —

Branch Branch District Total

Members 46 3 49

Associate Members 149 21 170

Juniors 25 3 28

Students 27 2 29

Affiliates 5 - 5

Branch Affiliates 26 26

Meetings

Sixteen regular meetings were held during the year with an average
attendance of 55. Excluding the meeting of January 17th, which was
open to the public, the average attendance was 47. The Executive
Committee held 12 meetings during (he year. The following is a
detailed list of the regular meetings:

Date
Jan. 4-

Jan. 17-

Feb.

Speaker

Attendance

180

Subject
-"Automatic Fire Protec-
tion" J. C. Davis, a.m.e.i.c. . ,

"Manufacture of Galvanized

Iron" ("moving picture) ..... D. M. Buck

1 — Report of General Professional

Meeting J. G. Sullivan, M.E.i.c. .

Feb. 15 — "Three Wire Trolley Distrib-
ution" W. N. Smith, M.E.i.c. . .

Mar. 1 — "Marketing of Grain" Jas. Stewart 51

Mar. 15 — "Use of Powdered Fuel under

Steam Boilers" Col. H. D. Savage 89

Apr. 5 — "Lignite Plant at Bienfait" J. M. Leamy, M.E.I.C. . . 61
Apr. 19 — "Progress Report Committee

on Roads" M. A. Lyons, A.M.E.I.C. . 29

May 3 — Annual meeting 41

Sept. 20 — "Electric Furnaces for Smelt-
ing Iron and Steel" J. R. Eckley 53

Oct. 4 — "The selection and operation

of a Railway Motor Coach" W. M. Scott, M.E.I.C ... 26

Oct. 18— "Corporation Finance" M. F. Wardhaugh 39

Nov. 1 — "Combustion of Canadian

Coals" T. A. Marsh 59

Nov. 15 — "Transportation Routes" . . . J. G. Sullivan, M.E.I.C,

W. Sanford Evans 59

Dec. 6— "Transportation Routes" . . . J. M. Campbell,

W. N. Smith, M.E.i.c... . 75

Dec. 20 — "Merit and Money" Professor Jones 17

On July 11th, a branch golf competition was held at the South-
wood Course, in which 32 members took part.

General
The branch suffered severe losses during the year in the death of
two of its prominent members, Col. J. A. Hesketh, M.E.i.c, and J. G.
Legrand, M.E.i.c, and in the retirement of George L. Guy, M.E.i.c,
energetic secretary of the branch for five years.

The Plummer medal for 1922 was awarded to W. N. Smith, M.E.I.C,
and Dr. Shipley, for a paper read before the branch.

Members of the branch were elected or appointed to the following
public positions: —

R. J. Swain, a.m.e.i.c, mayor, city of St. Boniface.

J. G. Sullivan, M.E.i.c, alderman, city of Winnipeg.

D. L. McLean, a.m.e.i.c, deputy minister of Public Works,

Manitoba.
W. E. Hobbs, a.m.e.i.c, deputy provincial secretary, Manitoba.

Financial Statement

The financial statement of the branch is as follows: —
Receipts

Local dues $456.00

Rebates from Headquarters 384.00

Branch news 27.09

Bank interest 18.92

Bond interest 27.50

Miscellaneous 13.75

Total receipts 927.26

Bank balance, Dec. 31st, 1922 580.80

Cash in hand and with secretary, Dec. 31st, 1922 304.68

Expenditures

Total expenditures $604.73

Bank balance, Dec. 31st, 1923 1,172.01

Cash in hand and with secretary, Dec. 31st, 1923 36.00

Cash balance $1,208.01

Rebates, last quarter 83.25

Advertising 18.00

Local dues in arrears, 50 per cent written off. .... 591.00
Office furniture and library, 5 per cent depreciation 323.62
War bonds 500.00

$1,812.74

Accounts payable.

Liabilities

$2,723.88
67.75

278

307

Surplus $2,656.13

Respectfully submitted,

A. McGillivray, a.m.e.i.c, Chairman.

P. Burke-Gaffney, a.m.e.i.c, Secretary-Treasurer.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

THE

ENGINEERING JOURNAL

THE JOURNAL OF

THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

OF CANADA

Board of Management

President

WALTER J. FRANCIS

Past Presidents

R. A. ROSS J. M. R. FAIRBAIRN

• Vice-Presidents

ARTHUR SURVEYER F. P. SHEARWOOD

Councillors
FREDERICK B. BROWN C. M. McKERGOW

Editor and Manager

FRASER S. KEITH

Assistant Editor and Manager

N. E. D. SHEPPARD

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

J. CLARK KEITH

. . Border Cities

ROBERT HOGG . . .

. Niagara Falls

W. ST. J. MILLER

.Calgary

F. C. C. LYNCH

Ottawa

D. W. J. BROWN .

Cape Breton

R. C. FLITTON

Peterborough

W. R. MOUNT . .

Edmonton

HECTOR CIMON ....

Quebec

K. L. DAWSON . .

Halifax

D. A. R. McCANNEL . .

Regina

w. f. McLaren .

Hamilton

H. B. PELLETIER ...

Saguenay

A. JACKSON . . .

Kingston

C. H. E. ROUNTHWAITE

Sault Ste. Marie

GEO. P. BROPHY .

Lakehead

W. J. JOHNSTON ....

St. John

C. M. ARNOLD . .

Lethbrldge

L. W. WYNNE-ROBERTS Toronto

E. A. GRAY . . .

London

P. H. BUCHAN

Vancouver

M. J. MURPHY . .

Moncton

HUGH PETERS

Victoria

W. H. ABBOTT . .

Montreal

P. BURKE-GAFFNEY . .

Winnipeg

VOL. VII

February 1924

No. 2

Annual General Meeting

The Annual Meeting called in Montreal, on Tuesday.
January twenty- second, was presided over by Fresident
Francis, who called for the reading of the minutes of the last
annual meeting, and after the appointment of the scrutin-
eers the meeting was adjourned to Ottawa to reconvene at
the Chateau Laurier, on Wednesday, January twenty-third,
at 10.00 a.m. An account of this meeting will be found in
another column of this issue of The Journal.

The McCharles Prize

Announcement is made that an award of the
McCharles Prize, instituted by the University of
Toronto, will shortly be made. This is a distinguished
prize for engineers, inventors and scientific research
workers. It carries not only a very high honour but a
cash value of one thousand dollars. The first award

was made in 1910, a second during the war, and the
present one will constitute the third.

This prize was established in connection with the
bequest of the late Aeneas McCharles of the value of
$10,000. and is awarded on the following terms and
conditions, namely, that the interest therefrom shall be
given from time to time, but not necessarily every year,
like the Nobel prizes in a small way:—

(1) To any Canadian from one end of the country
to the other, and whether student or not, who invents
or discovers any new and improved process for the
treatment of Canadian ores or minerals of any kind,
after such process has been proved to be of special merit
on a practical scale; (2) Or for any important discovery,
invention or device by any Canadian that will lessen the
dangers and loss of life in connection with the use of
electricity in supplying power and light; (3) Or for any
marked public distinction achieved by any Canadian in
scientific research in any useful practical line. The term
"Canadian" for the purpose of the award means any
person Canadian born who has not renounced British
alliance; and in the first of the three cases provided for
by the bequest, domicile in Canada is an essential
condition.

Every candidate for the prize is required to be
proposed as such in writing by some duly qualified person.
A direct application for a prize will not be considered.

No prize will be awarded for any discovery or inven-
tion unless it shall have been proved to the satisfaction
of the awarding body, to possess the special practical
merit indicated by the terms of the bequest.

The order of priority in which the three cases stand
in the wording of the bequest will be observed in making
the award; that is, "the award shall go cxteris paribus
to the inventor of methods of smelting Canadian ores;
and, failing such inventions, to the inventor of methods
for lessening the dangers attendant upon the use of
electricity; and only in the third event, if no inventors
of sufficient merit in the field of metallurgy and electricity
present themselves, to the inventor distinguished in the
general field of useful scientific research."

The committee of award, appointed by the governors
of the University is composed of an expert in each subject
of mineralogy, electricity and physics and four others;
it includes the deans of the engineering faculties at
McGill, Toronto and Queen's universities.

It is desirable that wide publicity be given throughout
Canada to this prize and the committee of award is
announcing that it will receive nominations for candi-
dates up to the 1st of March. Nominations may be
made direct to Dean Mitchell, chairman of the com-
mittee, at the University of Toronto.

A Correction

In the list, published in the January issue, of the
enrollments at the various universities, due to an error,
an important engineering centre was omitted, being the
department of engineering, Mount Allison University,
where a splendid course is given.

There are registered at Mount Allison, fifteen
students in the sophomore year, and ten in the first
year and in addition there are several arts students
taking engineering options with a view to completing
both courses in six years.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Ottawa Meeting Attains High Standard

Members of The Institute who had attended previous
meetings in Ottawa, anticipated much from the recently
concluded annual and general professional meeting.
Expectations were fully realized. Visiting members who
enjoyed the hospitality of the Ottawa Branch during
the two days' gathering are loud in their praises of the
efficient manner in which every detail of the splendid
programme was arranged and carried out.

The officers and members of the Ottawa Branch
who made the plans and who were untiring in their
efforts to ensure the greatest possible success for the
meeting are to be most heartily congratulated, for there
never has been an engineering gathering in this country
made more enjoyable by the local members, or which,
in any degree, for completeness of detail or happiness of
arrangement, could out-rival the meeting held at Ottawa,
January twenty-third and twenty- fourth.

The thanks of the entire Institute are due in no
uncertain measure to those loyal members of The Institute
who sacrificed so much of their time, and placed for the
benefit of The Institute, not only the resources of the
branch, but their well known capacity for providing
entertainment, both technical and social, of the very
highest possible order. It will be a satisfaction to the
Ottawa Branch officers and members to know that their
efforts are appreciated; that their meeting was ideal from
every viewpoint, and that they have added considerably
to the influence and prestige of the engineering profession
by the manner in which they carried out all the detail
necessary for such a successful convention. Those who
were unable to go missed two days of keen enjoyment
and the inspiration that always results from meeting
fellow engineers in an atmosphere of good fellowship
and mutual co-operation.

The formal votes of thanks passed at the last session,
and also by the Council of The Institute which met during
the meeting, to all those responsible for making the meeting
a success, can scarcely convey to those to whom thanks
are due, the real warmth of feeling towards them for what
they have done to promote engineering interest and
activity. From the chairman and officers of the Ottawa
Branch to the humblest member of every committee their
work was well and truly done, reflecting credit on their
ability, their enthusiasm, and the fine spirit of co-operation
behind it all. For many a day the visitors will look
back with pleasure upon this happy gathering, and it is
hoped that the Ottawa members will feel some com-
pensation in the knowledge of the fact that the meeting
was an unqualified success, and that what they did is
greatly appreciated.

Well done — Ottawa.

Students' Prizes

As announced at the annual meeting student prizes
for the best papers in their respective sections will be
awarded as follows: —

Chemical — ■

"The Acid Plant, its Functions and Operations
in the Sulphite Mill," by W. H. Barnes, s.e.i.c.

General or Civil —

"Water Purification," by C. P. Reaper, s.e.i.c.

Railway —

"Local Transportation on Rails," by J. R. Dunbar,
Jr.E.I.C.

Mechanical — ■

"Hoisting Machinery," by G. M. Dick, s.e.i.c

It is a pleasure to announce that during the coming
year an additional prize is available for Juniors and
Students, being represented by books to the value of
twenty-five dollars contributed by Mr. A. D. Swan,
m.e.i. a, for the best paper on "Students Apprenticeship
System as Applicable to the Dominion". This prize is
open to any Student or Junior of The Institute.
Those desiring to write an essay on this subject should
prepare manuscript and submit it to the headquarters
office of The Institute not later than October first of
the current year. The prize will be awarded by the
Students' Prizes Committee of The Institute.

A committee has been appointed by The Institute to
study apprenticeship systems, consisting of Mr. A. D.
Swan, chairman, and Messrs. F. P. Shearwood and K. B.
Thornton.

Prizes for Successful Designs

The annual meeting endorsed the recommendation
of the Honour Roll and War Trophies Committee for
the erection at headquarters of a bronze tablet in honour
of the members of The Institute who fell while on active
service, and also a record in bronze of all who served
overseas. It is proposed to raise the necessary money
by popular subscription, with a maximum of ten dollars.

A prize of one hundred and fifty dollars is to be
awarded to the successful designer of the honour roll
memorial, and one hundred dollars to the designer of the
record in bronze of all who served.

The honour roll tablet will contain approximately
eighty-three names, and the bronze record will contain
approximately one thousand names.

Any Member, Associate Member, Junior or Student
of The Institute may submit a design or designs. All
designs should be in the hands of the Secretary not later
than the last day of May, nineteen twenty-four.

To Catalogue the Library

In the report of the Library and House Committee
it was recommended that a sufficient grant should be
made to catalogue the entire library at headquarters and
add each year sufficient new technical books to keep the
library thoroughly up to date for technical reference.
This report having been adopted by the annual meeting
it will devolve upon the incoming Library and House
Committee to make arrangements for carrying out this
important work. It is proposed to follow the system
used in the Engineering Societies Library in New York,
and to get the matter well under way during the coming
summer when the library is not so extensively used.

Kelvin Medal Award

According to information received from the secretary
of the Institution of Civil Engineers of Great Britain, the
second triennial award of the Kelvin Medal was made to
Professor Elihu Thomson of Lynn, Mass., U.S.A., at a
meeting of the Award Committee, comprising the presi-
dents of the principal representative British engineering
institutions, held at Westminster, on December four-
teenth, nineteen hundred and twenty-three.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Eminent Railway Builders

Three of Canada's Railway Engineers whose record embodies much of the history

of Railway Construction in Canada

A unique record of Canadian railway pioneer engineers is
embodied in a photograph forwarded by the Vancouver Branch,
taken in Vancouver on October 26th, 1923, of three prominent
members of The Institute whose record for continued service in the
survey and construction of railways is possibly without parallel.
They are — reading from left to right, H. J. Cambie, m.e.i.c, eighty-
seven years of age; T. H. White, m.e.i.c, seventy-six years of
age; and J. H. Ken-
nedy, m.e.i.c, se-
venty-two years of
age. They are all
resident in Vancou-
ver and each is a
life member of The
Engineering Institute
of Canada.

Each has been
identified with one
of the three great
transcontinental rail-
roads now operating
in British Columbia,
as chief engineer on
the location and
construction of the
original main lines
within the Province,
pioneered through the
wilderness of mount-
ains, canyons, forests
and plains by feats
of engineering skill
and perseverence not
surpassed and scarce-
ly equalled in any
other part of the
world. Each one is
enjoying excellent
health, and occupies
the very highest place
in the respect and
esteem of the mem-
bers of the engineer-
ing profession to-
gether with the
general public. An-
other very interesting
coincidence lies in the
fact that each one
possesses the appa-
rently magic name
"Henry".

Henry John
Cambie, m.e.i.c,

was born on October 25th, 1836, in County Tipperary, Ireland.
He had charge of the location of the present main line of the Can-
adian Pacific Railway from the Coast to Griffin Lake, and was
chief engineer of the world-famous construction through the Fraser
Canyon from Yale to Lytton, and also the construction of the section
from Savona Ferry to Shuswap Lake.

Mr. Cambie has been continuously associated with the Canadian
Pacific Railway and its predecessor, the Government Railway, for
sixty-eight years. His name is perpetuated by the station on the
C.P.R., Cambie, on the giant loop below Glacier. Mr. Cambie
explored, surveyed and planned the whole course of the C.P.R.,
through a large section of the province of British Columbia, and under

H. J. CAMBIE,

M.E.I.C.

T. H. WHITE,

M.E.I.C

his direct supervision the part that runs through the canyons of the
Fraser was built. At the age of eighty-seven he is still hale and
hearty, enjoying the love and esteem of his fellow men.

Thomas Henry White, m.e.i.c, was born on January 27th,
1848, at St. Thomas, Ontario. He was chief engineer of the location
and construction of the present main line of the Canadian
National Railway, from the Yellowhead Pass, down the North

Thompson and Fraser
Canyons to New
Westminster. It is
interesting to note
that he was Mr.
Cambie's right-hand
assistant during the
work in the Fraser
Canyon.

Mr. White has al-
ways been popular
with his fellow engin-
eers, being noted for
abundant good na-
ture, keen sense of
humour, and an ab-
solute fairness in all
his associations.

James Henry
Kennedy, m.e.i.c,
was born on March
3rd, 1848, in Car-
leton County, Ont-
ario. He had charge
of the location of
the Great Northern
Railway's main line
in British Columbia,
under the Vancouver,
Victoria and Eastern
Rly., charter, from
Laurier to the Coast.
As chief engineer, he
built the first section
in the Province, from
Laurier to Grand
Forks, through the
Kettle Valley coun-
try, and afterwards
constructed the
longer section from
Chopaka to Brook-
mere, through the
difficult Similkameen
and Tulameen
Valleys.
Mr. Kennedy enjoys to a high degree the esteem of his fellow
engineers and is appreciated for his true worth and his marked
accomplishments.

The complete record of the life-work of each of these pioneer rail-
roaders is full of interesting reminiscence, and the monuments of their
handiwork are to be seen in practically every province of the Dominion.
Although British Columbians take great pride in the achievements of
these men, they nevertheless feel that they belong to Canada, from
coast to coast.

It is a pleasure to publish this unusual photograph and pay a
tribute to three men who have played a large part in the history of
railway construction in Canada.

J. H. KENNEDY,
m.e.i.c.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting

Meeting at Montreal

The Annual General Meeting of The Institute was
convened at headquarters, on January twenty-second,
nineteen twenty-four. President Walter J. Francis,
m.e.i. c, declared the meeting open at 10.45 a.m.

Reading of Minutes

It was moved by K. B. Thornton, m.e.i.c, seconded
by John T. Farmer, m.e.i.c, that the minutes of the
thirty-seventh annual meeting as published on page ninety-
five in the February 1923, issue of The Journal, be
taken as read and approved. Motion carried.

Appointment of Scrutineers

It was moved by Brig.-Gen. C. H. Mitchell, c.m.g.,
m.e.i.c, seconded by Professor Ernest Brown, m.e.i.c,
that Messrs. Geo. E. Bell, m.e.i.c, and J. A. Lalonde,
a.m.e.i.c, be appointed scrutineers to report the result
of the officers' ballot to the secretary. Motion carried.

Appointment of Auditors

It was moved by K. B. Thornton, m.e.i.c, seconded
by General Bertram, m.e.i.c, that Messrs. Riddell, Stead,
Graham and Hutchison, be the auditors of The Institute
for the ensuing year. Motion carried.

Motion to Adjourn

It was moved by Colonel C. N. Monsarrat, m.e.i.c,
seconded by Doctor R. A. Ross, m.e.i.c, that the meeting
adjourn to resume the business of the annual meeting,
at the Chateau Laurier, Ottawa, on January twenty-third,
at ten a.m. Motion carried.

Meeting at Ottawa

The adjourned annual meeting was reconvened at
the Chateau Laurier, Ottawa, on Wednesday, January
twenty-third, at 10.15 a.m., with President Walter J.
Francis, m.e.i.c, in the chair.

Report of Council

It was moved by John T. Farmer, m.e.i.c, seconded
by A. F. Macallum, m.e.i.c, that the report of Council,
as published on page fifty-one of the February 1924
Journal be adopted. Motion carried.

Reports of Committees

Library and House Committee: — It was moved by
Geo. R. MacLeod, m.e.i.c, seconded by R. deB. Corriveau,
m.e.i.c, that the report of the Library and House Com-
mittee, as published on page fifty-three of the February
1924 Journal, be adopted. Motion carried.

Finance Committee: — It was moved by C. H. Keefer,
m.e.i.c, seconded by Geo. A. Mountain, m.e.i.c, that the
report of the Finance Committee as published on page
fifty-four of the February 1924 Journal, be adopted.
Motion carried.

Legislation and By-law Committee: — It was moved
by Brig.-Gen. C. H. Mitchell, c.m.g., m.e.i.c, seconded
by Geo. R. MacLeod, m.e.i.c, that the report of the
Legislation and By-laws Committee, as published on
page fifty-six of the February 1924 Journal, be adopted.
Motion carried.

Board of Examiners and Education Committee: —
It was moved by A. F. Macallum, m.e.i.c, seconded by
C. H. Keefer, m.e.i.c, that the report of the Board of

Examiners and Education Committee, as published on
page fifty-six of the February 1924 Journal, be adopted.
Motion carried.

Students' Prizes Committee: — It was moved by
Geoffrey Stead, m.e.i.c, seconded by Prof. C. R. Young,
m.e.i.c, that the report of the Students' Prizes Com-
mittee, as published on page fifty-seven of the February
1924 Journal, be adopted. Motion carried.

Publication Committee: — It was moved by Brig.-Gen.
C.H.Mitchell, c.m.g., m.e.i.c, seconded by A. R. Decary,
m.e.i.c, that the report of the Publications Committee
as published on page fifty-seven of the February 1924
Journal, be adopted. Motion carried.

Code of Ethics Committee: — It was moved by C. H.
Keefer, m.e.i.c, seconded by F. P. Shearwood, m.e.i.c,
that the report of the Code of Ethics Committee, as
published on page fifty-seven of the February 1924
Journal, be received by the meeting and referred back
to Council for further action. Motion carried.

Nominating Committee: — It was moved by Brig.-Gen-
C. H. Mitchell, c.m.g., m.e.i.c, seconded by R. M. Hanna-
ford, m.e.i.c, that the Nominating Committee-1924, as
published on page fifty-seven of the February 1924
Journal, be approved. Motion carried.

Papers Committee: — It was moved by John T. Farmer,
m.e.i.c, seconded by Geo. R. MacLeod, m.e.i.c, that
the report of the Papers Committee, as published on
page fifty-seven of the February 1924 Journal, be
adopted. Motion carried.

Fuel Committee: — It was moved by Chas. Warnock.
a.m.e.i.c, seconded by E. A. Forward, m.e.i.c, that the
report of the Fuel Committee, as published on page
fifty-eight of the February 1924 Journal, be. adopted.
Motion carried.

Canadian Engineering Standards Committee: — It was
moved by Geo. A. Mountain, m.e.i.c, seconded by Geo.
R. MacLeod, m.e.i.c, that the report of the Canadian
Engineering Standards Committee, as published on page
fifty-eight of the February 1924 Journal, be adopted.
Motion carried.

Canadian National Committee, International Electro'
Technical Commission: — It was moved by G. Gordon
Gale, m.e.i.c, seconded by R. M. Hannaford, m.e.i.c,
that the report of the Canadian National Committee of
the International Electro-Technical Commission, as pub-
lished on page sixty of the February 1924 Journal, be
adopted. Motion carried.

Uniform Steam Boiler Specifications Committee: — On
motion of C. E. W. Dodwell, Hon.M.E.i.c, seconded by
Willis Chipman, m.e.i.c, the report of the Uniform Steam
Boiler Specifications Committee, as published on page
sixty of the February 1924 Journal, was adopted.

Classification and Remuneration Committee: — It was
moved by John Henderson, a.m.e.i.c, seconded by
Professor C. R. Young, m.e.i.c, that the report of the
Classification and Remuneration Committee, as publish-
ed on page 461 of the October 1923 Journal, be received
by the meeting for discussion and that it be referred
back to Council. Motion carried.

Honour Roll and War Trophies Committee: — On
motion of Brig.-Gen. C. H. Mitchell, c.m.g., m.e.i.c,
seconded by Geo. A. Mountain, m.e.i.c, the report of

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

the Honour Roll and War Trophies Committee as publish-
ed on page sixty-one of the February 1924 Journal was
adopted.

The report of the Honour Roll and War Trophies
Committee which was endorsed at the annual meeting
recommended the erection at headquarters of a bronze
tablet in honour of the members of The Institute who fell
while on active service, and also a record in bronze of all
who served overseas. The proposal being to raise the
necessary money by popular subscription with a maximum
of ten dollars.

During the discussion on this report it was suggested
by John Henderson, a.m.e.i.c, that a photograph of these
tablets be published in The Engineering Journal, to which
suggestion Brig.-Gen. C. H. Mitchell, c.M.G., m.e.i.c,
added that the best possible photographic reproduction
of the tablets should be secured and that a copy suitably
mounted and framed be presented to each branch of
The Institute, the expenses incurred in the preparation
of these photographs to be detrayed from the memorial
fund.

WALTER J. FRANCIS, M.E.I.C.
President of the Institute for 1924

Past-presidents' Prize Fund: — It was moved by
J. M. R. Fairbairn, m.e.i.c, seconded by K. B. Thornton,
m.e.i.c, that the report of the Past-Presidents' Prize
Fund, as published on page sixty-one of the February
1924 Journal, be adopted. Motion carried.

Committee on Deterioration of Concrete in Alkali
Soils: — It was moved by C. E. W. Dodwell, Hon.M.E.l.c,
seconded by Geo. R. Macleod, m.e.i.c, that the report
of the Committee on Deterioration of Concrete in Alkali
Soils, as published on page sixty-one of the February
1924 Journal, be adopted. Motion carried.

Students' Activities Committee: — It was moved by
Geo. R. MacLeod, m.e.i.c, seconded by U. Valiquet,
m.e.i.c, that the report of the Students' Activities Com-
mittee, as published on page sixty-three of the February
1924 Journal, be adopted. Motion carried.

Committee on Biographies: — It was moved by Geo.
T. Clarke, a.m.e.i.c, seconded by R. F. Uniacke, M.E.I.C,
that the report of the Committee on Biographies, as
published on page sixty-three of the February 1924
Journal, be adopted. Motion carried.

Ontario Provincial Division: — It was moved by
A. B. Lambe, a.m.e.i.c, seconded by Prof. C. R. Young,
m.e.i.c, that the report of the Ontario Provincial Division,
as published on page sixty-three, of the February 1924
Journal, be received by the Meeting and referred back to
Council for further action. Motion carried

Gzowski Medal Committee: — The recommendation of
the Gzowski medal committee that there should be no
award of the Gzowski medal for the year 1923, was
announced.

Plummer Medal Committee: — The recommendation
of the Plummer medal committee that there should be
no award of the Plummer medal for the year 1923, was
announced.

Leonard Medal Committee: — The recommendation of
the Leonard medal committee that the Leonard medal be
awarded to F. W. Gray, a.m.e.i.c, for his paper on
"The Development of the Coal Industry in Canada",
published in the Monthly Bulletin of The Canadian
Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, October, 1922, page
1051, was announced and approved.

j. b. challies, m.e.i.c.

Elected Vice-President for Zone C.

Reports of Branches
Branch reports were presented as follows, and~on
motion by Geo. R. MacLeod, m.e.i.c, seconded by N/F.
Ballantyne, a.m.e.i.c, these reports were adopted.

February 1924, "Journal"

Border Cities Branch 64

Calgary Branch 64

Cape Breton Branch . 65

Edmonton Branch. . . 66

Halifax Branch 66

Hamilton Branch 67

Kingston Branch. ... 68

Lakehead Branch. ... 68

Lethbridge Branch . . 68

London Branch ...... 69

Moncton Branch 70

Montreal Branch.... 70

At this point President Francis called upon
President Geo. A. Mountain, m.e.i.c, to preside

February 1924, "Journal"

Niagara Peninsula Branch 72

Ottawa Branch 72

Peterborough Branch .... 74

Quebec Branch 74

Saguenay Branch 76

Saskatchewan Branch .... 76
Sault Ste. Marie Branch. . 77

St. John Branch 77

Toronto Branch 78

Vancouver Branch 79

Victoria Branch 80

Winnipeg Branch 81

Past-
while

the report of the scrutineers was presented.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

Officers for 1924

On behalf of the scrutineers appointed at the opening
session in Montreal, George E. Bell, M.E.I. C, read the
report giving the following results of the ballot for the
election of officers and members of Council for the year
nineteen twenty-four: —

President Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c.

Vice-Presidents Zone b — J. B. Challies, m.e.i.c.

Zone c — F. P. Shearwood, m.e.i.c.
Arthur Surveyer, m.e.i.c.
Zone d — F. A. Bowman, m.e.i.c.
♦Councillors: —
Halifax Branch District — F. R. Faulkner, M.E.I.C.
Hamilton Branch District — R. K. Palmer, m.e.i.c.
Lakehead Branch District — W. T. Moodie, m.e.i.c.
Lethbridge Branch District — G. N. Houston, M.E.I.C.
Niagara Peninsula Br.Dist. — F.W. Clark, a.m.e.I.C
Ottawa Branch District — K. M. Cameron, m.e.i.c.
St. John Branch District — F. P. Vaughan, m.e.i.c.
Toronto Branch District — E. G. Hewson, m.e.i.c.
Victoria Branch District — H. M. Bigwood, a.m.e.i.c.

Correspondence

The secretary then read letters which had been
received from Past-President Lt.-Col. R. W. Leonard,
m.e.i.c, John A. Dresser, president, Canadian Institute
of Mining and Metallurgy, and Geo. C. Mackenzie,
m.e.i.c, secretary, Canadian Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, expressing regrets at their inability to
attend the annual meeting of The Institute.

Messages were also received from vice-president,
Geo. A. Walkem, m.e.i.c, past president R. A. Ross,
M.e.i.c, councillor Geo. D. Macdougall, m.e.i.c, and
from a number of presidents and secretaries of American
Engineering Societies expressing regrets at being unable
to attend.

Vote of Thanks

On motion by John T. Farmer, m.e.i.c, and seconded
by Geo. R. MacLeod, m.e.i.c, a hearty vote of thanks
was extended to the retiring officers, members of the
Ottawa Branch, and to all others who had assisted in

J. L. RANNIE, M.E.I.C.
Chairman, Ottawa Branch for 1924.

Installation of Newly-Elected President

Geo. A. Mountain, m.e.i.c, then called upon C. E. W.
Dodwell, Hon. m.e.i.c, and Brig.-Gen. C. H. Mitchell,
c.m.g., m.e.i.c, to escort the newly-elected President,
Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c, to the chair. Mr. Francis
in accepting the office of President, spoke briefly of his
great appreciation of the honour that was being con-
ferred upon him.
Tribute to Memory of the late President Arthur St. Laurent

The meeting went on record, by a unanimous resolu-
tion, which was passed by a standing silent vote, recording
the sense of severe loss sustained by The Institute in the
death of President Arthur St. Laurent.

*At a meeting of Council held at the Chateau
Laurier, on Thursday, January twenty-fourth, nineteen
twenty-four, at 4.15 p.m., the following were appointed
councillors, representing:

Border Cities Branch District — W. H. Baltzell, m.e.i.c
London Branch District — H. B. R. Craig, m.e.i.c
Peterborough Branch District — R. L. Dobbin, m.e.i.c
Saguenay Branch District — C. N. Shanly, a.m.e.i.c

K. M. CAMERON, M.E.I.C.
Elected Councillor for Ottawa Branch District.

making the annual general and general professional
meetings such an outstanding success.

The meeting was adjourned at 12.00 o'clock noon.

Luncheon

At the luncheon which was held in the main dining
room of the Chateau Laurier, presided over by Branch
Chairman, J. L. Rannie, m.e.i.c, The Institute was
honoured by the presence of His Excellency the Governor-
General of Canada. His Worship the Mayor of Ottawa
extended a hearty welcome to the visiting members, on
behalf of the Capital City, and on behalf of the Ottawa
Branch the visitors were welcomed by Past-President
Geo. A. Mountain, m.e.i.c All out of town members
were the guests of the Ottawa Branch at this luncheon.

First Session of General Professional Meeting

The first session of the professional meeting was held
in the banquet room of the Chateau Laurier at 2.30 p.m.,
Wednesday, January twenty-third. At this meeting Sir
W. Sefton Brancker, K.c.B.,etc, director of civil aviation of
Great Britain Air Ministry, London, presented an address
on "Progress in Civil Aviation" which was listened to with

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

C. P. EDWARDS, A.M.E.I.C.
Chairman of General Committee of Annual Meeting

the greatest interest and which brought forth a number
of questions from the audience on points of recent progress
in aviation.

The second paper was provided by Dr. Charles
Camsell, m.e.i.c, deputy minister of mines, Canada, on
the subject of "The Fuel Problem".

Annual Banquet

The annual banquet of The Institute took place in
the main dining room of the Chateau Laurier, at 7.30 p.m.,
Lieut. Commander C. P. Edwards, o.b.e., a.m.e.i.c,
presiding. At this banquet President Walter J. Francis,
m.e.i.c, gave a short and intensely interesting address
on the growth of The Institute, during the past thirty-
eight years, in membership and activities. Progress in
so far as increase in membership is concerned was graphic-
ally shown by a lantern slide of curves of total member-
ship, corporate membership and non-corporate member-
ship, for each year since The Institute was founded.

Smoker

At 9.00 p.m., sharp the members left the banquet
hall for the ball room where the annual smoker was held

and where they enjoyed the very excellent programme
provided for their entertainment.

Second Session of" General Professional Meeting

The second session of the professional meeting
opened at 9.30 a.m., on Thursday, January twenty-
fourth, with a paper by D. W. MacLachlan, m.e.i.c,
on the "St. Lawrence Deep Waterway Problem". This
paper dealt with a subject of very wide interest and
following the reading of the paper a lengthy discussion
took place. Those taking part in the discussion were,
J. R. Harper, president, the Niagara Falls Power Com-
pany, H. G. Acres, m.e.i.c, hydraulic engineer, Hydro-
Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Dr. Howard T.
Barnes, former director of physics, McGill University,
F. A. Gaby, m.e.i.c, chief engineer, Hydro-Electric
Power Commission of Ontario, John Murphy, m.e.i.c,
and others. When, according to the programme, it was
time to meet for luncheon the discussion had not been
completed and the meeting unanimously resolved to
continue the discussion immediately upon the conclusion
of the luncheon.

Luncheon

The luncheon on the second day of the general
professional meeting, was held in the Chateau Laurier,
with J. L. Rannie, M.E.I.C, chairman of the Ottawa
Branch, presiding. At this luncheon, Mr. Hamnett P.
Hill was the guest of honour, and addressed those present
on "Col. By and the Rideau Canal".

Visit to Nickel Plant at Deschenes, Que.

During the afternoon the members of The Institute
visited the plant of the British-America Nickel Corpora-
tion, at Deschenes, Quebec, where through the kindness
of President E. N. Rhodes, they were given an opportunity
to inspect the plant. Special cars, for the members of
The Institute inspecting the plant, were provided through
the courtesy of the Hull Electric Railway Company.
At Deschenes the members were received by R. L. Peek,
m.e.i.c, refinery manager, and were treated to afternoon
tea served by the company.

The Annual Ball

The programme concluded with the annual ball
of the Ottawa Branch, held in the ball room of the
Chateau Laurier, on the evening of January twenty-fourth,
under the distinguished patronage of their Excellencies the
Governor-General and Lady Byng of Vimy.

Annual Meeting Registration

At Montreal

1 MacLeod, G. R., Montreal. 19

2 Mitchell, C. H., Toronto. 20

3 Bell, G. E., Montreal. 21

4 Hannaford, R. M., Montreal. 22

5 Lalonde, J. A., Montreal. 23

6 Blumenthal, S., Montreal. 24

7 Ketterson, A. R., Montreal. 25

8 Motlev, P. B., Montreal. 26

9 McAllister, W. J., Montreal. 27

10 Westbye, P. P., Peterborough, Ont. 28

11 Thompson, Frank B., Montreal. 29

12 Bertram, Alex., Montreal. 30

13 Morrisey, T. S., Montreal. 31

14 Thornton, K. B., Montreal. 32

15 Sheppard, Norman E. D., Montreal. 33

16 Francis, Walter J., Montreal. 34

17 Keith, FraserS., Montreal. 35

18 Ryan, E. A., Montreal. 36

Combe, F. A., Montreal.
Dobbin, R. L., Peterborough, Ont.
Ross, R. A., Montreal.
Marrotte, L. H., Montreal.
Engel, N. L., Montreal.
Smith, K. H., Halifax, N.S.
Bickerdike, Jr. R., Montreal.
Colle, Samuel S., Montreal.
Lawrence, Wm. D., Montreal.
Surveyer, Arthur, Montreal.
Pratley, P. L., Montreal.
Montsarrat, C. N., Montreal.
Farmer, John T., Montreal.
Helbronner, P. M., Montreal.
Gnaedinger, F. Theo., Montreal.
Brown, E., Montreal.
Kelly, Albert J., Montreal.
MacNab, S. D., Montreal.

37 Norris, J. H., Montreal.

38 Chambers, Hugh, Montreal.

39 Howard, R. F., Montreal.

40 Denis, L. G., Montreal.

41 Wilson, J. C, Montreal.

42 Swabey, H. W. B., Montreal.

43 Copeland, L. B., Rouses Point, N.Y.

44 Walker, R. M., Montreal.

45 Perkins, G. C, Montreal.

46 Baxter, John, Montreal.

47 Peden, Alexander, Montreal.

48 Cageorge, N., Montreal.

49 Peden, Ernest, Montreal.

50 Tait, J. L. M., Montreal.

51 Armstrong, D. B., Montreal.

52 Hawkes, H. H., Montreal.

53 Tennant, D. C, Montreal.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

54 Francis, Walter J., Montreal.

55 Edwards, C. P., Ottawa.

56 Harkom, J. W., Melbourne, Que.

57 Thomson, W. Chase, Montreal.

58 Berry, Robert C, Ottawa.

59 Rush, Walter A., Ottawa.

60 Price, Chas. A., Ottawa.

61 Keith, Fraser S., Montreal.

62 Marr, Norman, Ottawa.

63 Sheppard, Norman E. D., Montreal.

64 Desy, L. A., Montreal.

65 Lawson, W. S., Ottawa.

66 Johnston, J. T., Ottawa.

67 Beale, A. M., Ottawa.

68 Brydone-Jack, E. E., Victoria, B.C.

69 MacRae, A. E., Ottawa.

70 Barton, H. M., Ottawa.

71 Keefer, Charles H., Ottawa.

72 Putman, C. V., Ottawa.

73 Martindale, E. S., Ottawa.

74 Delaute, F. J., Ottawa.

75 Browne, G. A., Ottawa.

76 Finnie, O. S., Ottawa.

77 Horsey, G. F., Ottawa.

78 Mountain, Geo. A., Ottawa.

79 Seymour, Horace L., Toronto.

80 Mitchell, C. H, Toronto.

81 Decary, A. R., Quebec.

82 Viens, E., Ottawa.

83 Norrish, B. E., Montreal.

84 Vaughan, Frank P., St. John, N.B.

85 Boulton, W. J., Ottawa.

86 McKenna, J. A., Ottawa.

87 Withrow, F. D., Ottawa.

88 Hazen, H. T. ( Toronto.

89 Dunn, G. C, Toronto.

90 Baldwin, R. A., Toronto.

91 Busfield, J. L., Montreal.

92 Wright, A. C, Ottawa.

93 Hirsch, L. I., Ottawa.

94 Richan, Geo. F., Ottawa.

95 Hanington, C. F, Ottawa.

96 Waterous, C. A., Brantford, Ont.

97 Byrne, J. H., Ottawa.

98 Roberts, S. O., Ottawa.

99 Peters, F. H., Ottawa.

100 Rannie, J. L., Ottawa.

101 Dawson, W. Bell, Ottawa.

102 Gale, G. Gordon, Ottawa.

103 Wheaton, L. H., Halifax, N.S.

104 Pitts, C. M., Ottawa.

105 McEwen, G. G, Ottawa.

106 Fetherstonhaugh, E. P., Ottawa.

107 Emra, F. H., Ottawa.

108 Thornton, K. B., Montreal.

109 Hannaford, R. M., Montreal.

110 Combe, F. A., Montreal.

111 MacLeod, Geo. R., Montreal.

112 Stephen, C, Flight Comdr., Montreal.

113 Harcourt, R. H., St. Catharines.

114 Macphail, Alexander, Kingston.

115 Warren, W. C, Ottawa.

116 Ferguson, Alex., Ottawa.

117 Craig, J. D., Ottawa.

118 Farmer, John T, Montreal.

119 Bell, G. E., Montreal.

120 Clunn, T. H. G, Ottawa.

121 McLachlan, D. W., Ottawa.

122 Young, C. R., Toronto.

123 Lindsay, G. A., Ottawa.

124 Daubney, C. B., Ottawa.

125 Clark, George T., Toronto.

126 Craig, H. C, Ottawa.

127 Killaly, A. L., Peterborough.

128 Peden, Ernest, Montreal.

129 Ballantyne, N. F., Ottawa.

130 Cameron, K. M., Ottawa.

131 Cameron, E. G., St. John, N.B.

132 Stewart, J. R., Renfrew.

133 Cole, L. H., Ottawa.

134 Eardley-Wilmot, V. L., Ottawa.

135 Richards, W. A., Ottawa.

136 Ramsay, E. M., Ottawa.

137 Sabourin, A. G, Quebec.

At Ottawa

138 Sauer, M. V., Montreal.

139 St. Laurent, J. E., Winnipeg.

140 Worsfold, C. C, New Westminster.

141 Cram, H. R., Ottawa.

142 Roland, I. W., Halifax.

143 Burch, G. F., Montreal.

144 Corriveau, R. deB., Ottawa.

145 Fripp, F. B., Moncton.

146 Sherwood, L., Ottawa.

147 Dodwell, C. E. W., Halifax.

148 Stewart, Wm. J., Ottawa.

149 Shearwood, F. P., Montreal.

150 Dubuc, A. E., Montreal.

151 Gronau, Wm. F., Montreal.

152 Taylor-Bailey, W., Montreal.

153 Mattice, W. A., Ottawa.

154 Fleming, Robert, Toronto.

155 Hogg, T. H., Toronto.

156 Blanchard, A. C. D., Niagara Falls.

157 Macallum, A. F., Ottawa.

158 Field, R. H, Ottawa.

159 Murphy, S. J., Ottawa.

160 Stead, Geoffrey, St. John, N.B.

161 Brown, William L., Ottawa.

162 Bird, F. G, Ottawa.

163 McLean, W. A., Toronto.

164 Hertzberg, H. F. H., Ottawa.

165 Hertzberg, C. S. L., Toronto.

166 Scheman, C. H., Bridgeburg, Ont.

167 Reid, F. B., Ottawa.

168 Hendry, M. C, Halifax.

169 Kensit, H. E. M., Ottawa.

170 Dunn, Thos. H., Ottawa.

171 Scovil, Stuart S., Ottawa.

172 Kester, F. H, Walkerville.

173 Larochelle, J. E., Ottawa.

174 Galbraith, J. S., Toronto.

175 Anderson, J. W., Ottawa.

176 Chipman, Willis, Toronto.

177 Belanger, A. A., Ottawa.

178 Miller, F. F, Napanee.

179 Valiquet, U., Ottawa.

180 Lamoureux, Jos. A., Ottawa.

181 Grant, Alex. J., St. Catharines.

182 Jost, E. B., Ottawa.

183 Yuill, Russell, Cornwall.

184 Knight, J. A., Toronto.

185 Dunne, Hugh J., Ottawa.

186 Daubney, Jas. E., Ottawa.

187 MacRostie, N. B., Ottawa.

188 Dennis, W. M., Ottawa.

189 Smaill, A. E., Ottawa.

190 Chaloner, Chas., Ottawa.

191 Bertrand, J. N. T, Isle Verte, Que.

192 Hotchkiss, C. P., Ottawa.

193 Smith, Fred. G, Ottawa.

194 Forward, E. A., Montreal.

195 Ghysens, A., Montreal.

196 Cochrane, M. F., Ottawa.

197 McCallum, G. H., Ottawa.

198 Goodwin, H. W., Ottawa.

199 Cooper, P. E., Montreal.

200 Rochester, L. B., Montreal.

201 Coo, C. W., Toronto.

202 Henham, Robert, Ottawa.

203 Gray, A., St. John, N.B.

204 Oxley, J. Morrow, Toronto.

205 Davy, H. M., Ottawa.

206 Warnock, Chas., Montreal.

207 Henderson, John. Ottawa.

208 Hay, Alan K., Ottawa.

209 Sproule, F. A., Ottawa.

210 Cauchon, J. E. N., Ottawa.

211 Forde, J. P., Victoria.

212 Doncaster, P. E., Nelson, B.C.

213 Ogilvie, W. M., Ottawa.

214 Hodgson, J. P., Vancouver.

215 Bryce, W. F. M., Ottawa.

216 Nelles, Douglas H, Ottawa.

217 Smith, K. H., Halifax.

218 Grant, Gordon, Ottawa.

219 Massey, A. W. K., Montreal.

220 Wilgar, W. P., Kingston.

221 Seibert, Fred. V., Ottawa.

222 Melville, J. L., Ottawa.

223 Meikle, A. U., Ottawa.

224 Uniacke, R. F., Ottawa.

225 Wicksteed, H. K., Toronto.

226 Haycock, R. L., Ottawa.

227 Pinhey, C. H, Ottawa.

228 Drake, R. L., Ottawa.

229 Dawson, S. G, Ottawa.

230 Gleeson, L. J., Ottawa.

231 Jones, A. M., Ottawa.

232 Higman, Ormand, Ottawa.

233 Jarvis, R. R., Ottawa.

234 Wimberley, A. C, Ottawa.

235 O'Sullivan, E., Montreal.

236 Kilburn, D. G, Ottawa.

237 Odell, R. K., Ottawa.

238 Lambe, A. B., Ottawa.

239 Dansereau, J. L., Montreal.

240 Benny, W. W., Ottawa.

241 McNiven, J. J., Ottawa.

242 Camsell, Charles, Ottawa.

243 Harcourt, F. Y., Port Arthur.

244 Strome, I. R., Ottawa.

245 Thompson, H. A., Ottawa.

246 Bissett, Jas. R., Ottawa.

247 Chapleau, S. J., Ottawa.

248 Gibson, Norman R., Niagara Falls.

249 Harper, John L., Niagara Falls.

250 Bowden, W. A., Ottawa.

251 Freeland, E. E., Ottawa.

252 Jones, H. W., Ottawa.

253 Dobbin, R. L., Peterborough.

254 Westbye, P. P., Peterborough.

255 Craig, H. B. R., London.

256 Fairbairn, J. M. R., Montreal.

257 Lambart, H. F. J., Ottawa.

258 Amiot, P. E., Rimouski.

259 Askwith, F. C, Ottawa.

260 Cowper, G. C, Ottawa.

261 Fuller, W. J., Sault Ste. Marie.

262 Pratley, P. L., Montreal.

263 Wolff, M., Montreal.

264 Matheson, A. J., Ottawa.

265 Milne, J. A., Ottawa.

266 Volckman, G. W., Ottawa.

267 Allen, L. E., Ottawa.

268 Ramsay, J. H., Ottawa.

269 Phillips, C. S., Ottawa.

270 Lamb, H. J., Toronto.

271 Ames, A. J., Ottawa.

272 Ogilvie, Paul, Ottawa.

273 Roy, L. deB., Ottawa.

274 Jamieson, D. W., Ottawa.

275 Moore, W. J., Ottawa.

276 Joy, Joseph, Montreal.

277 Dalton, G. F, Ottawa.

278 McArthur, J. J., Ottawa.

279 Blais, Robert, Ottawa.

280 St. Laurent, A. A., Ottawa.

281 Murphy, J. J., Ottawa.

282 Christie, C. V., Montreal.

283 Bell, A. Netlam, Montreal.

284 Booker, G. E., Montreal.

285 Denis, L. G, Montreal.

286 Harkness, A. L., Montreal.

287 Lafreniere, T. J., Montreal.

288 Smaill, Wm., Vancouver.

289 Fraser, R. J., Ottawa.

290 Magwood, W. H, Cornwall.

291 Hervey, C. L., Montreal.

292 Haanel, B. F, Ottawa.

293 Alexander, R. C. F., Ottawa.

294 Wilson, L. R., Montreal.

295 Surveyer, Arthur, Montreal.

296 Lefebvre, O. O., Montreal.

297 McNaughton, A. G. L., Ottawa.

298 Akins, J. R., Ottawa.

299 Forneret, V. F. W., Ottawa.

300 MacKay, B. R., Ottawa.

301 McKay, Robt. B., Ottawa.

302 Wilson, A. W. G, Ottawa.

303 Spence, H. S., Ottawa.

304 Desbarats, G. J., Ottawa.

305 McLeish, John, Ottawa.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

306 Holland, Franklin E., Montreal.

307 Seens, J. W., Montreal.

308 Hume, D. C. M., Ottawa.

309 Trotter, H. L., Montreal.

310 Gale, A. V., Hull.

311 Parkinson, N. F., Ottawa.

312 Winter, F. W., Ottawa.

313 Howard, R. F., Montreal.

314 Ells, S. C, Ottawa.

315 Bowman, C. A., Ottawa.

316 Wood, Chas. O., Ottawa.

317 Seton, B. W., Montreal.

318 Drought, F. A., Ottawa.

319 Cumming, A. L., Cornwall.

320 Monture, G. C., Kingston.

321 Mills, A. M., L'Orignal, Ont.

322 Dion, A. A., Ottawa.

323 Marshall, J. H. G., Ottawa.

324 Sargent, C. D., Cornwall.

325 Lee, R. B., Ottawa.

326 Symes, J. A., Ottawa.

327 Davy, R. Adams, Ottawa.

328 Fraser, D. J., Ottawa.

329 Blanchet, G. H., Ottawa.

330 Dodge, G. B., Ottawa.

331 McRae, J. B., Ottawa.

332 Bourget, P. B., Ottawa.

333 Connell, C, Ottawa.

334 Hereford, Harry, Ottawa.

335 Montgomery, R. H, Ottawa.

336 Ferrier, A., Ottawa.

337 Durlev, R. J., Ottawa.

338 Dunlap, H. J., Ottawa.

339 Peek, R. L., Ottawa.

340 Locke, T. J., Ottawa.

341 Challies, J. B., Ottawa.

342 Jackson, L. W., Montreal.

343 Kitto, F. H., Ottawa.

1 Chapleau, Mrs. Jefferson, Ottawa.

2 Ogilvie, Mrs. Noel, Ottawa.

3 Craig, Mrs. J. D., Ottawa.

4 Corriveau, Madame R., Ottawa.

5 Cameron, Mrs. K. M., Ottawa.

6 Barton, Mrs. H. M., Ottawa.

7 Grant, Mrs. A. M., Ottawa.

8 Sherwood, Mrs. Luman, Ottawa.

9 Grant, Mrs. Gordon, Ottawa.

10 Edwards, Mrs. C. P., Ottawa.

11 Odell, Mrs. R. K., Ottawa.

12 Chaloner, Mrs. C. F., Ottawa.

13 Swan, Mrs. A. D., Montreal.

14 Dawson, Mrs. W. Bell, Ottawa.

15 Stephen, Mrs. C, Montreal.

16 Keith, Mrs. Fraser, Montreal.

17 Norrish, Mrs. Ben, Montreal.

18 Jones, Mrs. H. W., Montreal.

19 Desbarats, Mrs. G. J., Ottawa.

20 Hervey, Mrs. C. L., Montreal.

21 Rannie, Mrs. J. L., Ottawa.

22 Forbes, Mrs. J. M., Ottawa.

23 MacLachlan, Mrs. D. W., Ottawa.

24 Clark, Mrs. G. T., Toronto.

25 McCallum, Mrs. G. H., Ottawa.

26 Westland, Mrs. Clarence, Ottawa.

27 Camseli, Mrs. Charles, Ottawa.

28 Parkinson, Mrs. N. F., Ottawa.

29 Pinhey, Miss Y. E. ( Ottawa.

344 Coutlee, W. F., Ottawa.

345 Ewart, H. E., Ottawa.

346 Brabazon, C. H., Ottawa.

347 Smith, N. H., Ottawa.

348 Steers, F. P., Ottawa.

349 Swan, A. D., Montreal.

350 Macphail, J. G., Ottawa.

351 Cochrane, J. B., Ottawa.

352 Henry, R. A. C, Montreal.

353 Goudge, M. F., Ottawa.

354 Williamson, D. A., Ottawa.

355 Macdonald, J. A., Ottawa.

356 Pratt, F. M., Ottawa.

357 Boyd, W. H., Ottawa.

358 Crain, G. E., Ottawa.

359 Prittie, L. C, Ottawa.

360 Grindlay, T., Ottawa.

361 Narraway, A. M., Ottawa.

362 Balfour, R. H., Montreal.

363 Disney, Chas. P., Toronto.

364 Barnes, H. T., Montreal.

365 Westland, C. R., Ottawa.

366 Hardouin, J., Ottawa.

367 Bennett, G. A., Ottawa.

368 Magrath, C. A., Ottawa.

369 Carroll, J., Ottawa.

370 Kennedy, Howard, Ottawa.

371 Butterworth, J. V., Ottawa.

372 Ross, J. E. R., Ottawa.

373 Murdie, W. C, Ottawa.

374 Brown, L., Ottawa.

375 Whittier, A. R., Ottawa.

376 Peaker, W. J., Ottawa.

377 Foreman, J. L., Ottawa.

378 Van Scoyoc, H. S., Montreal.

379 Barber, H. G., Ottawa.

380 Acres, H. G., Niagara Falls.

381 Miles, E. L., Lindsay, Ont.

382 Traill, J. J., Toronto.

383 Grant, A. M., Ottawa.

384 Fawcett, S. D., Ottawa.

385 Taggart, C. H., Kamloops, B.C.

386 Shanks, Thos., Ottawa.

387 Murphy, John, Ottawa.

388 Riddell, J. M., Ottawa.

389 Medlen, E. M., Ottawa.

390 Stalker, A. D., Ottawa.

391 Erskine, C. S., Ottawa.

392 Hoolihan, H. D., Ottawa.

393 Waugh, B. W., Ottawa.

394 Rinfret, C, Ottawa.

395 Forbes, H. L., Ottawa.

396 Sinclair, G. E. B., Ottawa.

397 MacDonald, W. E., Ottawa.

398 LeBlanc, P. M. H., Ottawa.

399 Dennis, T. C, Ottawa.

400 Anderson, F., Ottawa.

401 Bowes, LeRoy T., Ottawa.

402 Moran, John F., Ottawa.

403 Moulton, H. P., Ottawa.

404 Dennis, E. M., Ottawa.

405 Lawson, J. T., Ottawa.

406 Armstrong, C. J., Montreal.

407 Bell, J. J., Ottawa.

408 Gaby, F. A., Toronto.

409 GrandMont, B., Trois Rivieres.

410 Palmer, P. E., Ottawa.

411 Bruce, R. F. H., Ottawa.

412 Ewart, J. A., Ottawa.

413 Wrong, F. H., Westboro, Ont.

414 Slinn, W. H.. Billing's Bridge, Ont.

415 Weldensinger, A., Zurich, Switzerland.

416 Lavine, H. A., Montreal.

417 Doane, M., Ottawa.

418 Von, Louis, Montreal.

419 Ogilvie, Noel

Ladies' Registration at Ottawa

30 Pinhey, Miss A. H., Ottawa.

31 Cochrane, Mrs. Farrer, Ottawa.

32 Sherrin, Mrs. Philip, Ottawa.

33 Ferrier, Mrs. Alan, Ottawa.

34 Beattie, Mrs. Wm. C, Ottawa.

35 Simmons, Mrs. T. L., Ottawa.

36 Busfield, Mrs. J. L., Montreal.

37 Bell, Mrs. A. Netlam, Montreal.

38 Warnock, Mrs. Chas., Montreal.

39 Byrne, Mrs. J. H., Ottawa.

40 Jost, Mrs. E. B., Ottawa.

41 Nelles, Mrs. D. H., Ottawa.

42 Grant, Mrs. Alex. J., St. Catharines.

43 Miller, Mrs. F. F., Napanee.

44 Henderson, Mrs. J. H., Ottawa.

45 Byers, Mrs. R. P., Toronto.

46 Delahey, Mrs. W. A., Ottawa.

47 Dickie, Mrs. Vivian, Ottawa.

48 Murphy, Mrs. J. J., Ottawa.

49 Peaker, Mrs. W. J., Ottawa.

50 McCallum, Mrs. H. A., Ottawa.

51 Mountain, Miss, Ottawa.

52 Delaute, Mrs. F. J., Ottawa.

53 Browne, Mrs. G. A., Ottawa.

54 King, Mrs. R. P., Ottawa.

55 Melville, Mrs. Jas. L., Ottawa.

56 Trudel, Mrs. A. P., Ottawa.

57 Belanger, Mme A. A., Ottawa.

58 Lamb, Mrs. H. J., Toronto.

59 Stewart, Mrs. W. J., Ottawa.

60 Walsh, Mrs. E. J., Ottawa.

61 Fawcett, Mrs. S. D., Ottawa.

62 Shaver, Mrs. P. A., Ottawa.

63 Macdonald, Mrs. J. A., Ottawa.

64 Ellis, Mrs. J. F., Ottawa.

65 Pierce, Mrs. J. W., Ottawa.

66 King, Mrs. R. P., Ottawa.

67 Richards, Mrs. W. A., Ottawa.

68 Nagle, Mrs. Chas. E., Ottawa.

69 Bartley, Mrs. T. H., Ottawa.

70 Mountain, Mrs. Geo. A., Ottawa.

71 Mountain, Miss Edna, Ottawa.

72 Byers, Mrs. R. R., Toronto.

73 Barber, Mrs. H. G., Ottawa.

74 Dunn, Mrs. Thos. H., Ottawa.

75 Oxley, Mrs. J. Morrow, Toronto.

76 Lawson, Mrs. Wilfrid, Ottawa.

77 Wicksteed, Mrs. L. C, Ottawa.

78 Wicksteed, Miss Winnifred, Ottawa.

79 Connell, Mrs. Charles, Ottawa.

80 Gale, Mrs. Gordon, Ottawa.

81 Keefer, Mrs. T. C, Ottawa.

82 Knight, Virginia Coyne, Toronto.

83 Massey, Mrs. A. W. K., Montreal.

84 Richan, Mrs. G. F., Ottawa.

85 Seymour, Mrs. Horace L., Toronto.

86 Seens, Mrs. John W., Montreal.

87 Seton, Mrs. B. W., Montreal.

88 Uniacke, Mrs. R. F., Ottawa.

World Power Conference Committee Meeting

At a meeting held on January 23rd, of the Canadian
committee arranging for this country's participation in
the world power conference to be held in London next
July, it was decided that if the French committee were
agreeable to such a proposition, the Canadian body would
have no objection to inviting Germany to be represented.
A reply to this effect will be sent to London, following
an inquiry from the British committee. It was also
decided that the Canadian delegation would sail by the
Empress of France on June 18th, on which vessel reserva-
tions have been made, and that the invitation of the
American delegation which will number 300, that the
Canadians join them and sail from Boston on an American
vessel, be not accepted.

Dr. Charles Camseli, m.e.i.c, deputy minister of
mines, presided over the meeting of the committee which
will report to Hon. Charles Stewart, minister of the
interior. Those attending were: A. Monro Grier, K.c,
Toronto; General C. H. Mitchell, c.m.g., m.e.i.c, Uni-
versity of Toronto; J. G. Glassco, m.e.i.c, of Winnipeg:
K. H. Smith, m.e.i.c, of Halifax; Arthur Surveyer,
m.e.i.c, Montreal; O. Lefevre, m.e.i.c, Quebec; A. A.
Dion, m.e.i.c, of Ottawa; Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c;
President Walter J. Francis, m.e.i.c, of The Engineering
Institute of Canada; Prof. Christie, a.m.e.i.c, of McGill
University; Ormond Higman, m.e.i.c, B. F. Haanel,
m.e.i.c, of the Dominion Fuel Board; and J. B. Challies,
M.E.I.C, director of the Water Power Branch of the
Department of the Interior, Ottawa.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

The Banff- Windermere Highway

/. M. War die, A.M.E.I.C,
Chief Engineer, Canadian National Parks Branch, Dept. of the Interior.

No motor highway in the west has aroused so much
interest or been given so much publicity as the Banff-
Windermere highway, which was opened for motor traffic
on June 30th, 1923. The new highway extends from the
town of Banff in Banff National Park, Alberta, to the
Windermere district which is in the Columbia River
valley, some seventy miles south of the main line of the
Canadian Pacific Railway.

This highway was constructed under the direction of
J. M. Wardle, a.m.e.i.c, chief engineer, Canadian National
Parks, engineering service, while C. A. Davidson, now
acting Highway Commissioner of the Province of Alberta,
was resident engineer on the west end of the work with
A. G. Wilkins as superintendent of construction. To Mr.
Wilkins is also chiefly due the credit for the excellent work
on the east section of the highway.

This road provides a direct highway connection to
the Kootenay and Banff National Parks from the great
western tourist centres of Los Angeles, Portland, San
Francisco and other cities of the Pacific coast, and by
means of existing highways east of Banff gives a much
needed central connection to the prairie provinces. It
provides a much needed road between Alberta and
British Columbia, and in addition is the last link in the
California-Banff B-line highway and in the Banff-Grand
Canyon road, which two routes constitute the greatest
scenic loops of the west.

While the construction of the Banff-Windermere
road was first conceived as a scenic and commercial
coach road in 1905, it was not until 1911 that construction
of the British Columbia section was commenced by the
British Columbia government with financial assistance
from the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. In 1913
work was stopped through lack of funds, and was not
resumed until 1919, when its construction was taken over
by the Canadian National Parks Branch of the Depart-
ment of the Interior of the Canadian government.
Realizing the importance of the road from the tourists'
standpoint, the Dominion government agreed in 1919 to
complete the road by January 1924, in return for which

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the province of British Columbia was to transfer to the
Dominion a ten mile strip of land adjacent to the road
in British Columbia for park purposes, and which is now
known as Kootenay Park.

The total length of the road between Banff and the
Windermere valley is ninety-three miles; of this amount
thirty miles had been constructed by the Parks Branch
prior to 1915, and which extended westerly to the British
Columbia boundary. When the latter Branch began
construction operations on the British Columbia section
in the fall of 1919, some fifty-three miles of road were
uncompleted.

Throughout the summer of 1919 location surveys
were made, and a great amount of reconnaissance work
was done to insure the best route. While the general
route of the road was limited to the Vermilion River
and Kootenay River valleys, there was considerable
choice in certain sections as to what benches should be
followed by the road, having in view grades, depth of
snow fall, southern exposure, character of material
encountered and alignment. The river flats, while
affording good gravel deposits, might be subject to
flooding in extreme high water. The final location, which
was often influenced by bridge sites at the crossing of
various tributaries to the main stream, was a result of
careful consideration of the various points involved, and
the general success of construction and operation amply
justified the care taken. The maximum grade on the
road is found on a 300-foot section in the Sinclair pass
where the grade is 9 per cent. Location was run on the
basis of a maximum of 6 per cent, and in view of the
mountainous country traversed, remarkably easy grades
were obtained. From Castle to the summit of the
Vermilion pass, the road climbs 710 feet in five miles
with a maximum of 6 per cent, and motor cars take this
stretch of road generally in high gear. From Sinclair
canyon on the west end of the road to Sinclair pass, the
road climbs 2,000 feet in eight miles with the one short
maximum noted above and with an average of 5
per cent.

Figure No. 1. — Banff -Windermere Road and Valley of Vermilion
River, sixty-one miles west of Banff.

Figure No. 2. — Banff -Windermere Road. Along Vermilion River
Valley near Kootenay River bridge, sixty-four miles west of
Banff.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Figure No. 3. — Heavy grading along the Vermilion River, four
miles east of the Kootenay Valley.

Construction Problems

Some interesting construction problems presented
themselves. The main body of the work averaged some
thirty miles from the nearest railway head at either end
of the road. The greatest part of the work also lay
between the Vermilion Pass summit and the Sinclair Pass
summit of the Rocky mountains, two distinct mountain
passes of 5,660 feet and 4,950 feet, respectively, through
which the road was located, and which, by their altitude
and early weather conditions, materially affected con-
struction. Practically the entire fifty-three miles lay
through virgin forest country, traversed, when construc-
tion began, by an Indian trail that was almost impassable
during the high water months of June and July. In
clearing this length of right-of-way, the greatest care
was necessary to avoid disastrous forest fires that would,
if started, do immense damage. Clearing and burning
operations were, consequently, undertaken during the
winter months, winter camps being established at suitable
points along the right-of-way. Considerable difficulty
was experienced in keeping open the sixty miles of winter
tote road necessary in view of the snow fall on the Ver-
milion and Sinclair summits, which averaged 5 feet and
3 feet, respectively. Practically all bridge work was also
done during the winter months of 1920-21 and 1921-22.
These winter operations were not only carried on at a
time when labour was plentiful, but appreciably relieved
unemployment in the west at that time.

For construction operations proper, the road was
divided into two sections, the western section being
approximately thirty-two miles in length and the eastern
section twenty-one miles in length. In charge of each

section was a resident engineer. Each engineer's organi-
zation consisted of two or three gangs under a competent
foreman and stationed at suitable intervals, each gang
having a certain amount of work to do. As soon as
any one section was completed by a grading gang, the
latter was jumped ahead to another section, and as the
work progressed a very keen rivalry developed between
the various gangs. A grading gang consisted of from
ten to twelve teams, a road grader, four or five timber
men for culvert and crib construction and some thirty-
five labourers and teamsters. In the last year of con-

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Figure No. 4 — Banff-Windermere Road, heavy rock work in
Sinclair Pass. Final surfacing not done.

struction, namely 1922, a surfacing gang was added to
the force of each resident engineer, to surface with gravel
the grading completed in the previous year. A surfacing
gang consisted of some ten surfacing units consisting of
trucks, traillers or dump waggons, a gasoline bucket
loader for the gravel pits and a gasoline road roller. The
transport of equipment, explosives and subsistence
supplies was handled by six light Reo trucks, three being
detailed to each resident engineer. These trucks made
regular scheduled trips from the eastern and western
railway heads to the various camps, their average one-way
haul being about thirty-five miles. Each of these trucks
ran about one hundred miles daily. All trucks and
mechanical equipment were kept in good repair by the
drivers, and their work was supervised by a first class
motor mechanic who had his headquarters in the field
at a convenient camp.

Owing to the location of the work in the heart of
the Canadian Rockies, only a short season of about four
and a half months was available for grading operations.
Consequently, the latter work had to be carefully planned

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

and vigourously carried on. The grading work on a
large scale was commenced in June 1921, and the schedule
proposed at that time called for the construction of 1,000
feet of new road daily. This rate of progress was more
than maintained, new road being built at the rate of from
five to eight miles per month. In the seasons of 1921
and 1922 nine months were available for grading opera-
tions, and in this time forty-three miles of new road was
graded, and in addition some twenty-five miles of road
were surfaced. While a good proportion of the above
mileage was comparatively easy, there was also a good
percentage of sidehill cuts ranging from 15 feet to 40
feet in depth.

Several features in connection with the construction
of the road might be worthy of mention. In the first
place, special care was taken to see that all roots and
other growth was removed within the limits of the road
grade. Various vegetable matter on the forest floor was
also removed by means of graders and slips so that no
such material would be incorporated in the road grade.
The original surface of the ground was not broken by
a plough until it was as clean as it was reasonably possible
to make it.

Figure No. 5. — Banff-Windermere Road. Red Rock Bluff, in
Sinclair Creek Valley, two and one-half miles from Windermere
Valley.

Crowning and Ditching

Particular attention was paid to crowning and
ditching. An interesting fact brought out in the con-
struction of the road was that not only did different
classes of material require a different crowning, but that
weather conditions on different sections of the road also
require consideration when deciding on the height of
crown. The western slopes of the Vermilion valley,

where more moisture fell than on the other sections,
required greater drainage provision than the more westerly
sections of the road. In the valley of the Kootenay
river, there is considerably less precipitation than in the
valley of the Vermilion river, as was very evident when
the first rains fell on newly constructed grades in both
localities. Particular attention was paid to drainage
facilities. Not only were culverts placed wherever there
was indication of stream flow in the spring or fall, but
the road was patrolled from time to time during heavy
storms, and culverts were placed at points where any
amount of water accumulated under such conditions in
the side ditches. Both resident engineers made frequent
trips over their sections on the transport trucks so that
they would personally experienced the effect of the
finished road surface on motorists. Frequently, sections
of road that to the eye seemed very satisfactory were
found to be decidedly irregular when traversed by a
truck at twenty-five miles per hour.

Another feature of construction was the strict
provision of superelevation on all curves. After the
first season, the different foremen became very adept
in giving the proper superelevation to each curve, and
probably no construction feature has been as much
appreciated by motorists travelling the Banff -Windermere
highway during the 1923 season. The width of the
road cross-section is on tangents 20 feet, which, with a
2-foot ditch on either side, gives a clear available wheel-
way of 16 feet. The ditches and road crown, however,
are continuous, so that passing traffic has available 20
feet of safe roadway if required. Additional width,
varying from 2 feet to 10 feet is given on all sharp curves
or on curves where vision may be obstructed. Specially

Figure No. 6.— Banff -Windermere Road. A one-mile tangent in
the Kootenay Valley.

■94

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

\ J BANFF-WINLtRMER*.

KATCHEWAN

OBITUARIES

Figure No. 7. — Grand Circle Motor Tour.

designed traffic signs were erected along the road prior
to its being open to traffic, an effort being made to limit
such signs to points where actual caution is necessary,
so that a motorist would realize that the signs were not
placed promiscuously and that each sign should be heeded.
Numerous motorists were consulted after they had
traversed the road as to suggestions regarding the placing
of traffic signs, guard rails, etc., and some very valuable
opinions from the motorists' point of view were obtained.
» The road was completed on September 30th, 1922,
or about eighteen months before the time set under the
agreement between the federal and provincial govern-
ments. The cost per mile of the road, including clearing,
grubbing, grading, bridges, culverts, etc., ranged from
$3,500 per mile to $25,000 per mile, while the average
cost for the fifty-three miles built from 1919 to 1922
inclusive by the Parks Branch was $7,600 per mile.

Engineering Drawing

By H. H. Jordan and R. P. Hoelscher.
Reviewed by Alexander Peden, A.M.E.I.C ,

Chief Draftsman, Dominion Bridge Co. Ltd., Montreal.

"Engineering Drawing" by H. H. Jordan and R. P. Hoelscher
has just been placed in the Engineering Institute library. This volume
collects under one cover all types of engineering drawing and general
information referring thereto.

Its chapters on lettering and working tools are thorough and
treat this subject from a new aspect, while it explains clearly how to
prepare and arrange work before placing it upon a drawing. You
will here find specific information regarding mechanical, architectural,
plate, map and patent office drawing. It is quite up-to-date in that
it mentions tracing reproductions and photostat work, without which
a modern office could not handle its work economically and successfully.

The book is published by John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.

H. W. H. Bruce, A.M.E.I.C.

On Saturday, January 19th, 1924, H. W. H. Bruce,
a.m.e.i.c, died suddenly at Welland, Ontario. The late
Mr. Bruce was born in Ottawa on February 27th, 1881,
and was the son of the late Mr. H. B. D. Bruce, well
known civil servant, who died in Ottawa fifteen years ago.

Mr. Bruce commenced his career as a civil engineer
in 1898 and worked continually on railroad construction
up to the outbreak of war. In 1914 he went overseas
with the Borden Motor Machine Gun Battery. Coming
out of the trenches after his first tour he broke his leg
and was invalided to England, where he spent a year.
He then returned to France and was badly wounded at
the battle of Vimy Ridge, where he was awarded the
M.M. He had several opportunities of obtaining a com-
mission, but preferred to remain in the ranks with the
friends with whom he enlisted. He returned to Ottawa
in 1918 and was appointed senior assistant chief engineer
of the Welland Ship Canal, which post he retained up
to the time of his death.

During his career as railroad engineer, the late Mr.
Bruce was engaged on many important surveys of new
lines all over the eastern provinces. In 1898 he worked
on the Canada Atlantic extension at Lacolle, Quebec.
In 1899 he was engaged on the Manitoba South extension.
In 1900 he surveyed the Great Northern line from St.
Jerome to Hawkesbury. During 1901 and 1902 he was
engaged in a topographical survey of Chats Falls. Then
for two years he worked along the line of the Bobcaygeon
and Pontopool railway. During the next four years,
1906 to 1909, Mr. Bruce was employed by the Canadian
Northern Railway. In 1910 he was surveying along the
Little Nation river, after which, from 1911 to the date
of his enlistment for overseas, he was engaged on the
Quebec and Saguenay railway. He leaves one sister,
Mrs. C. E. Bleakney, of 750 Echo Drive, Ottawa, and
an uncle, Robert F. H. Bruce, m.e.i.c, of 40 Henderson
Avenue, Ottawa.

Mr. Bruce was elected an Associate Member of The
Institute on August 12th, 1921.

J. P. Burnyeat, M.E.I.C.

Although ill for some time, the sudden death of J. P.
Burnyeat, m.e.i.c, at his home in Vernon, B.C., on
Sunday, September 2nd, 1923, in his sixty-eighth year,
came as a great shock to his many friends. The late
Mr. Burnyeat was born at Truro, N.S., August 24th, 1855.

Prior to going to British Columbia in the early 80's,
he was engaged on location and construction of the
Intercolonial Railway in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
His first work in the west commenced in June, 1881, when
he was assistant engineer on the revision of surveys and
construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in British
Columbia, on which work he was engaged until the end
of 1888. In 1889, he was inspector of buildings under
construction for provincial and dominion governments at
Kamloops, among the many other buildings, in the design
and construction of which he was engaged, was the
Masonic Temple at Kamloops. In 1891, he first moved
to Vernon, B.C., when he laid out that town site and
where he resided until the time of his death. He is
survived by two sons and two daughters. Mr. Burnyeat
was elected a Member of The Institute on December 20th,
1894.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

«f

PERSONALS

»4i

S. R. Frost, a.m.e.i.c., Chairman of the Niagara
Peninsula branch, has been elected to represent the city
of Niagara Falls, Ont. as alderman for the year 1924.

Geo. A. Walkem, m.e.i.c, vice-president of The
Institute, was recently returned by acclamation to the
office of reeve of the municipality of Point Grey, B.C.

Andrew J. Riddell, a.m.e.i.c, architect and engineer
of Sandwich, Ont., has moved his offices to the King
Building, Windsor, Ont.

J. B. Holdcroft, a.m.e.i.c, is hydraulic engineer with
the Pacific Coast Pipe Company, Limited, 1551 Granville
Street, Vancouver, B.C.

P. E. Bauman, s.e.i.c, is with the engineering
department, camp 60, S. California Edison Company,
Big Creek, California.

E. Ibbotson Leonard, m.e.i.c, was elected to the
board of directors of the Canada Trust Company to fill
the vacancy caused by the death of his father.

H. F. McDonald, m.e.i.c, has been appointed repre-
sentative of Nesbitt, Thomson and Company, Limited,
on the Pacific coast, with offices at Vancouver, B.C.

W. F. Angus, m.e.i.c, of the Canadian Car and
Foundry Company, Limited, Montreal, was elected
representative fellow in science on the Corporation of
McGill University.

J. P. Watson, a.m.e.i.c, formerly with the mechanical
department of the Canadian Pacific Railway, Montreal,
has resigned to accept a position in the same department
of the Dominion Bridge Company, Limited, of Montreal.

T. W. Fairhurst, a.m.e.i.c, of Vancouver, B.C., has
resigned from the position of sales engineer with the Van-
couver Machinery Depot, Limited, to join the staff of
the Marion Steam Shovel Company of Marion, Ohio.

Kennington Hague, a.m.e.i.c, of Montreal, has
joined the staff of the Ferranti Meter and Transformer
Manufacturing Company, Limited, and will be located
in Toronto.

G. C. Monture, s.e.i.c, formerly in charge of the
employment service at Queen's University, Kingston, is
now with the Department of Mines of the federal govern-
ment, at Ottawa, Ont.

B. A. Culpeper, s.e.i.c, of the class of '23 in civil
engineering, McGill University, has received the appoint-
ment of draughtsman with C. D. Howe and Company,
consulting engineers, of Port Arthur, Ontario.

I. P. MacNab, m.e.i.c, was recently selected to act
as chairman of a board of arbitration authorized to settle
a dispute of longstanding between the junior and senior
street railway employees of the city of Calgary.

A. S. Chapman, a.m.e.i.c, is being congratulated on
his official appointment as city engineer, Calgary. Mr.
Chapman has proved himself a very interested and active
member of The Institute and is at present on the executive
of the Calgary branch.

J. S. Johns, jr.E.i.c, has resigned from the staff of
the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company, Limited at
Wabana, Newfoundland, to accept a position with the New-
foundland Power and Paper Company, Limited, at Deer
Lake, Newfoundland.

A. H. Bowyer, s.e.i.c, is at present on railroad
location and construction at Allco, B.C., for the Aber-
nethy-Lougheed Logging Company. Mr. Bowyer was
previously assistant to the municipal engineer of the
Corporation of Burnaby, B.C.

E. C. Gaines, m.e.i.c, who has been associated with
the Coal and Bunkering Company of Sydney, Australia,
for the past two years has resigned to accept a position
with the Mead-Morrison Manufacturing Company of
Chicago, 111. Mr. Gaines graduated from the University
of Missouri in 1900.

Clarke J. Madgett, a.m.e.i.c, has resigned as director
of the Standard Steel Construction Company, Limited,
of Welland, Ont., and managing director of the London
Bridge Works, Limited, to assume the position of con-
tracting engineer with the Sarnia Bridge Company, of
Sarnia, Ont.

J. B. Nelson, a.m.e.i.c, formerly designer and
checker in the structural steel and bridge departments
of the Canadian Allis-Chalmers, Limited, Toronto, has
resigned to accept the position of checker with the Stand-
ard Steel Construction Company, Limited, of Welland,
Ont.

Gordon Mclntyre, Jr.E.i.c, is now located at Sarnia,
Ont., with the Imperial Oil Refineries, Limited. Mr.
Mclntyre is a graduate of McGill University with the
class of 1921 in chemical engineering, and has been
chemist on testing, research and efficiency work with the
Imperial Oil Company at Regina, Sask.

Arthur G. Pedder, a.m.e.i.c, of Ottawa, has left for
Nickleton, Ont., where he has accepted a position of
chief engineer, power house, of the British-America Nickel
Corporation, Limited. Mr. Pedder was formerly assistant
engineer of the steam power house of the Ottawa Electric
Company.

John Murphy, m.e.i.c, of the Ottawa Branch,
recently addressed a large audience of civil, electrical,
mechanical and chemical engineers at a meeting of
the Technology Club of Syracuse, Inc., and affiliated
societies. The subject of Mr. Murphy's address was,
"The Prevention of Ice in Canals and Other Waterways"
and was illustrated by motion pictures and slides.

F. H. Hibbard, a.m.e.i.c, has received the appoint-
ment of engineer, Maintenance of Way, by the Quebec
Central Railway Company. Mr. Hibbard's connection
with this railway dates back to 1913 when he was engineer
in charge of construction. In 1916 he was promoted to
assistant engineer which position he held until his recent
appointment.

David B. McLay, m.e.i.c, is at present sewerage
engineer with the municipal engineer of Singapore, S.S.
Mr. McLay was located in Vancouver, B.C., for several
years prior to the war, having come to Canada in 1911
from Uddingston, Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was recently
been spending some time at Uddingston before leaving
for Singapore.

J. S. Kingston, a.m.e.i.c, of Ottawa, who has been
connected with the Department of Public Works for some
years, expects to leave Canada shortly and will take up
his residence in England. Mr. Kingston was born in
London, England, in 1862, and upon coming to Canada
he became attached to the Chief Architect's Branch of
the Department of Public Works where he was engaged
as heating and ventilating engineer.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

H. G. Thompson, jr.E.i.c, formerly sales engineer with
the Canadian Sirocco Company, Limited, at Montreal, and
for the past six months on the engineering staff of the
Riordon Company, Limited, at Temiskaming, Que., has
resigned to accept a position with the Combustion Engin-
eering Corporation, Limited, as manager of their Van-
couver office. Mr. Thompson is at the present time in
Toronto and will leave shortly for Vancouver to assume
his new duties.

Major J. R. Cosgrove, m.e.i.c, has been appointed
British Columbia Lumber Commissioner in Eastern
Canada in succession to A. Edward Roberts who has
entered the industrial field. Major Cosgrove has had
considerable experience both in the logging, manufacture,
and handling of British Columbia lumber, as well as in
its use in engineering and building structures. He was
formerly with the Vancouver Lumber Company, Ltd.,
and the Pacific Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau and
later city engineer of Trail, B.C.

Lt.-Col. J. Mel. Gibson, a.m.e.i.c, has formed a
partnership with J. E. Walker under the name of Walker
and Gibson, architects and engineers, with offices at 82
King Street, East, Toronto. Prior to and immediately
following graduation from the University of Toronto in
1910, Mr. Gibson was engaged in land surveying in
Ontario and the west. In 1911, he was on road con-
struction in British Columbia and for the next few years
his work included waterworks engineering with Messrs.
Chipman and Power, designing of reinforced concrete
bridges, retaining walls and buildings for C. W. Noble,
and design and construction of concrete works with I. S.
Osborn. While overseas, he was Major and chief engin-
eer officer, 127th Bn. C.E.F., afterwards 2nd Bn. Canadian
Railway Troops.

Verne Leroy Havens, m.e.i.c, until recently editor
of Ingenieria Internacional of the McGraw-Hill Company,
and now engaged in private practice, in New York City,
has been awarded a gold medal and diploma by the
Brazilian government in recognition of his successful
efforts in organizing the International Engineering Con-
gress which took place in Rio de Janeiro last year. Besides
his task as the active organizer of the congress he was
delegated to represent the American Society of Civil
Engineers and The Engineering Institute of Canada, of
which societies he is a member, and also the Federated
American Engineering Societies and the American Electric
Railway Engineering Association. While in Rio de
Janeiro he was also made an honorary member of the
Club de Engenharia de Brazil, the leading technical body
of that country.

Friends of Geo. H. Burnett, a.m.e.i.c, will
regret to learn of the death of his wife, as the result
of an accident on November, 12th, 1923. Mr.
Burnett is employed by the Warren Construction Co.,
Lock Box 1186, Portland, Oregon, as construction super-
intendent on a twenty-two mile section of the Roosevelt
highway, with headquarters at Taft, Oregon. The
accident occurred at the camp, where he was residing
with his family. Mr. Burnett himself sustained painful
though not serious injuries, from which he has practically
recovered. He expects to resume his occupation in the
near future, while his two children, a boy and a girl, remain
at school in Vancouver, B.C.

A Gillies, a.m.e.i.c, who has been associated with
Messrs. Sutcliffe and Neelands of New Liskeard, during
the past summer on town engineering and waterworks

plant layout for the townships of Tisdale and Swastika,
has entered private practice with an office in Timmins,
Ont. Mr. Gillies is a graduate of the University of
Toronto, receiving his diploma from the S.P.S., in 1907
and his B.A.Sc, degree in 1909. During 1909-10 he was
resident engineer on the Cobalt Power and later engineer
on the Minnedosa Power. He was appointed contractor's
engineer on bridge foundations at Fort William and
during 1912 he became associated with the Canadian
Northern Railway as bridge engineer. After receiving
his discharge from the army, where he served for two
years with the 7th Canadian Railway Troops, he was
engineer with the St. Marys Cement Company where he
remained until last year.

Chairman of Victoria Branch for 1924

F. C. Green, m.e.i.c, the recently elected chairman
of the Victoria Branch, is a native of St. John, N.B.,
where he was gold medalist at the St. John Grammar
School. After graduation in 1893 from the University of
New Brunswick with the degrees of B.A., and C.E., Mr.
Green spent some years as resident engineer on railway
construction in New Brunswick, and the state of Maine,
coming to British Columbia in 1897, where as senior
partner in the firm of Green Bros. Burden and Company,
he has since been engaged in a general engineering and
surveying practice.

Wm. H. Sullivan, M.E.I.C, resigns from Federal Service

W. H. Sullivan m.e.i.c, whose resignation from the
staff of the Welland Ship Canal, terminates, for the time
being at least, a long and active career with the Depart-
ment of Railways and Canals, entered the federal service
on September 19th, 1892, when he became an employee
of the department on the Ontario- St. Lawrence canal
survey. In 1894 he was engaged on the Cornwall canal
enlargement, where, three years later, he was promoted
to assistant engineer.

F. C. GREEN, M.E.I.C.

February. 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

ELECTIONS AND TRANSFERS

W. H. SULLIVAN, M.E.I.C.

He was appointed principal assistant engineer on the
Hillsboro and Murray Harbour branch of the Prince
Edward Island Railway in 1900. From assistant engineer
on the Welland canal in 1905, he became in 1912 the super-
intending engineer of that system, and in 1913 he was
appointed to the position from which he has just resigned,
that of principal assistant engineer, Welland ship canal,
under Alex. J. Grant, m.e.i.c, engineer-in-charge.

Mr. Sullivan graduated from the Royal Military
College in 1892, was elected Associate Member of the
Canadian Society of Civil Engineers in October 1899,
and was advanced to the rank of Member in The Institute
in May 1920.

The staff of the Welland ship canal presented to Mr.
Sullivan, on his resignation, a handsome gold watch and
chain, as a token of the esteem and affection in which
he was held by all with whom he came in contact. His
wide circle of friends, on the staff of the canal, in the
Niagara Peninsula Branch, and elsewhere, feel keen
regret at Mr. Sullivan's retirement, particularly as ill
health which forced the step.

Chairman of Ottawa Branch for 1924

J. L. Rannie, b.a.Sc, d.t.s., m.e.i.c, the new chairman
for 1924 of the Ottawa Branch, was born in Newmarket,
Ont., May 27th, 1886. He secured his preliminary
education in the public and high schools of that place
and graduated from Toronto University with honours as
bachelor of applied science in civil engineering in 1908.
In 1909 he secured his commission as Dominion Land
Surveyor and a certificate as Dominion Topographical
Surveyor in 1914. He entered The Engineering Institute
during his college course, was elected Associate Member
in 1918 and Member in 1922. His engineering experience
was gained with the Canadian Northern Railway in the
west, with the International Joint Commission on the
Lake of the Woods watershed, with the International
Boundary Commission and with the Geodetic Survey of
Canada, Department of the Interior. He entered the
service of the department in 1907 and was promoted to
the post of supervisor of triangulation in 1918.

At the meeting of Council held on January 24th,
1924, the following elections and transfers were effected: —

Members

CARPENTER, Edward Emery, B.S. (C.E.), (Stanford Univ.),
consltg. engr., B.C. Electric Railway Co. Ltd., Vancouver, B.C.

MARTHELEUR, Elie Louis, mining and elec. engr. (Louvain
Univ.), elec'l. engr., all coal operations, British Empire Steel Corpora-
tion, Sydney, N.S.

Associate Members

APPLETON, Albert Thomas, supt. of stations, City of Winnipeg
Hydro-Electric System, Winnipeg, Man.

DUNCAN, John Moyle, B.A.Sc. (Hons.), (Univ. of Tor.), con-
sulting engr., of 26 Prince Arthur Avenue, Toronto, Ont.

HUGHES, James Wenceslaus, elec. engr., east lines, C.P.R.,
Montreal.

JAMES, Harold H., engrg. dftsman., office of mtce. engr., Montreal
Locomotive Works, Montreal.

McDONALD, Frederick Charles, plant engr., Dominion Bridge
Company, Montreal.

MORRISON, George, (City and Guilds of London Tech. Coll.),
district manager, Maritime Provinces, English Electric Co. of Canada,
Limited, 200 Brookland Street, Sydney, N.S.

WARD, Herbert James, res. engr. on constrn. of experimental
turbine testing station at Shawinigan Falls, etc., for Shawinigan Water
& Power Company, Shawinigan Falls, Que.

YOST, Winfield Hancock, mech. engr., Hart-Otis Car Co. of
Montreal, 376 Marlowe Avenue, Montreal, Que.

• Juniors

BURGESS, Bert Ira, B.Sc. (Univ. of N.B.), junior asst. switch-
board engr., Can. Gen. Elec. Co., Peterborough, Ont.

CANNING, Dow Vernon, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.), junior asst.
switchboard engr., Can. Gen. Elec. Co., Peterborough, Ont.

GORDON, Harold Cowan Morton, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.), Dom-
inion Coal Company, Glace Bay, N.S.

HAY, Marshall Neil, B.Sc. (Queen's Univ.), mech. engr., fabrica-
tion dept., Northern Aluminum Company, Shawinigan Falls, Que.

Affiliate

LESLIE, James, inspr. munic. waterworks and fire preventive
appliances, Canadian Fire Underwriters' Assn., Montreal.

Transferred from the class of Junior to that
of Associate Member

BENNET, William Herbert, B.Sc. (Queen's Univ.), res. engr.,
supervising constrn. of three Lake Kenogami dams, for the Quebec
Streams Commission, Montreal.

CHALMERS, George Haddon, B.Sc. (Queen's Univ.), engr.,
Jas. A. Bell & Son, St. Thomas, Ont.

SMITH, Neville Herbert Francis, D.L.S., supervision over party
doing precise levelling etc., Geodetic Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.

WEIBEL, Emil Edwin, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.), designing and
estimating, Dominion Bridge Company, Lachine, Que.

Transferred from the class of Student
to that of Junior

DAVIS, Sydney Herbert, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.), Apt. 1, 604 Union
Avenue, Montreal, Que.

MONTURE, Gilbert Clarence, B.Sc. (Queen's Univ.), office
manager, engineering society employment service, manager students'
book and supply store, and editor for publications of above depts.,
Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.

ROSS, James Hargrave Drummond, B.Sc. (McGill Univ.), with
Gugenhein Bros., New York, N.Y.

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

EMPLOYMENT BUREAU

AND

MEMBERS' EXCHANGE

— «f

■A

The Institute's Employment Service

It is encouraging to note that during the past few weeks there has
been a renewed demand for the services of trained men in the various
branches of engineering. This demand, following a period of inactivity
and coming at a time of the year when by reason of the climatic con-
ditions there is usually a cessation of investigations and construction
work, is taken as foreshadowing an early resumption of active develop-
ment. Repeated reports of extensions to industrial plants, proposed
hydro-electric power developments, programmes of road construction,
investigation of the country's natural resources, and other works, in
the carrying out of which the engineer must take the leading part, all
lend colour to the anticipated renewed activity at an early date.

The Institute has been most fortunate in being able to secure
appointments for many of its members during the past year when con-
ditions were barely normal. The success attending its efforts is due
to the co-operation received from the many organizations throughout
Canada who have from time to time advised headquarters of their require-
ments. It is hoped that during the present year even greater service
may be rendered to the members of The Institute along this line. To
this end the co-operation of the members interested in securing posi-
tions is essential. Such members should keep in mind three points
which would be of great assistance in keeping the employment records
up-to-date.

(1) Full particulars of qualifications and experience should
be forwarded for filling, preferably in duplicate in order that they
may be submitted to prospective employers on short notice.

(2) They should, from time to time, advise headquarters if
they have not secured suitable appointments.

(3) They should advise headquarters immediately upon
receiving an appointement, supplying the information as to where
the appointment has been received and the nature of the work
undertaken.

To assist the members in submitting the fullest possible details
of experience in a uniform manner, a form had been prepared and will
be supplied upon request. This form contains the following headings: —

Name; address; telephone number

Academic Qualifications (Name of college, date of graduation,
degree, branch of engineering, etc.)

Class of work desired

Salary expected

When available

References, (Give names and addresses of past employers
from whom references may be secured, if required).

Experience (Give dates, names of employers, details of work).

Situations Vacant

Electrical Engineer

Two electrical engineers. One as assistant to the superintendent
of the city stations and one as assistant to the superintendent of
distribution. Apply box No. 80-V.

Electrical Engineer

Competent designer several years experience on the electrical
design of high voltage water stations, well fitted to act as checker or
squad leader and work on the design if the main features were explained.
Location Toronto. Apply box No. 83-V.

Electrical Engineer

Competent electrical engineer to act as resident engineer in charge
of the installation of electrical and mechanical equipment for a 24,000
H.P. water power station in Northern Ontario. Apply box No. 84-V.

Chemical and Mechanical Engineer

Engineer with some five years experience in chemical and mechan-
ical engineering required by a pulp and paper company near Montreal
to undertake special investigations in the mill. Apply box No. 85-V.

Hydraulic Engineer

A firm of Montreal consulting engineers require the services of a
young hydraulic engineer for general office and field work. The
applicant must be a graduate of some recognized engineering school
and must be able to speak French and English fluently. Write giving
references and slating salary desired. All communications will be
treated as confidential. Apply box No. 86- V.

Situations Wanted

Construction and Sales Engineer

Civil engineer, B.Sc, F.R.S.A., A.M.E.I.C., Ontario professional
engineer; 31 years of age, desires position immediately. Experience
covers railway construction, roads, bridge construction, hydro-electric
development, also sales engineer. Will go anywhere. Now in Toronto.
Apply box No. 133- W.

Sales Engineer

Sales engineer, graduate, age 32, four years sales experience also,
experienced in construction work, seeks position in building material
or equipment line. At present employed, but looking for larger field.
Apply box No. 134-W.

Electrical Engineer

Graduate of Toronto, 1923, desires to locate with a hydro-electric
or central station organization. On G.E. test since graduation. Familiar
with high voltage, generating and transformer stations. Construction
and operating experience on such. Position must have first class
opportunity to develop engineering and executive abilities. Energetic
and industrious. Age 26. Ontario and Quebec preferred. Apply
box No. 135- W.

Civil Engineer

Civil engineer, A.M.E.I.C., desires position with a firm of con-
tractors, engineers or on the staff of a city engineer. Seven years
experience, highway construction, pavements, concrete structures,
office practice and surveying. Competent field or office man. Apply
box No. 136- W.

Members' Exchange

Institute Transactions

A member of The Institute wishes to dispose of a set of the Tran-
sactions of The Engineering Institute of Canada, including volumes
three to thirty-three with the exception of volumes 27, 28 and 30,
together with a complete set of The Engineering Journal. Further
particulars regarding the same may be secured upon application to
box No. 5-E.

For Sale

One new buff engineer's transit. Exceptional bargain. Apply
box No. 6-E.

British Columbia Lumber Publications

A number of valuable publications have been issued under the
authority of the government of British Columbia, and forwarded to
this office by Major John R. Cosgrove, m.e.i.c, British Columbia
Lumber Commissioner, Toronto.

Two of these are pocket size, the first being Standard Classification,
Grading and Dressing Rules for Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock, Western
Spruce, and Western Red Cedar, and the other, Rules for Grading
Western White Pine, Spruce, Fir, Larch, Hemlock, Cedar, and Idaho
White Pine.

There is also a British Columbia catalogue of standard mouldings
as adopted by the manufacturers and dealers in British Columbia.

Two of the publications are issued by the Forest Branch, Depart-
ment of Lands, Victoria. One of these is a booklet on the uses, strengths .
and working stresses of British Columbia timber, and the other, instruc-
tions how to finish British Columbia woods.

These publications are available to all members of The Institute
through Major John R. Cosgrove, M.E.I.C, B.C. Lumber Commissioner,
51 Yonge Street, Toronto.

Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials

The library of The Institute has been presented with a copy of the
1923 proceedings, volume 23, of the A.S.T.M. which has just been
issued. This volume is issued in two parts:

Part I (1,006 pp.) contains the annual report of 32 of the standing
committees of the society, together with the discussion thereon at the
annual meeting, and 103 tentative standards which have either been
revised or are published for the first time; the annual address of the
president and the annual report of the executive committee. Part II
(683 pp.) contains 50 technical papers with discussion.

The technical papers contain valuable information on results of
investigations by experts in the field of engineering materials and the
reports of the committees cover ferrous and non-ferrous metals, cement,
ceramics, concrete, gypsum, lime, preservative, coatings, petroleum
products, road materials, coal and coke, waterproofing materials,
electrical insulating materials, shipping container, rubber products,
textile materials, methods of testing, and nomenclature and definitions.
Each part is available at the following prices: $6.00 in paper, $6.50
in cloth and $8.00 in half-leather binding.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

BRANCH NEWS

Moncton Branch

M. J. Murphy, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.

The regular monthly meeting of the Moncton Branch was held
at Moncton, on December 18th, 1923. After supper had been served,
Mrs. Harold Price rendered a solo, immediately followed by one from
Mr. Metzler, — encored. Major McKie accompanied both singers.

The Telephone

F. O. Condon, m.e.i.c, addressing the meeting, introduced W. R.
Pearce, m.e.i.c, of the New Brunswick Telephone Company, who
immediately took the platform, reading a paper on "The Telephone",
illustrating by lantern slides the different phases of telephone con-
struction, operation, maintenance and improvements. In the course
of his address, Mr. Pearce likened the telephone as now used and
depended upon, to the solar plexus of a giant; the giant representing
the business and social world of to-day; remarking that if the different
utilities other than the telephone were temporarily crippled, there
were other things which could be called upon to take their place.
Not so with the telephone, if disabled, there was nothing that could
supplant it, and for example he took the skyscraper, robbed of the
telephone; he stated that messengers could not take its place, nor
letters take the place of long distance three-minute conversation
over a telephone.

With the assistance of lantern slides, maps and charts, Mr. Pearce
then went into the problem the telephone companies have in installing
their systems so as to take care of all probable calls upon them for
telephone service from any direction, describing minutely the develop-
ment study, the probable demands for several years to come in order
to adequately take care of the community to be served. Mr. Pearce
then dealt with the cable study, describing how the company arrived
at the different number of pairs of wires carried to each sector of the
community, so as to take care of all requests for service well in advance
of the requirements at the time of installation; how the most practical
methods were employed in order to ascertain the probable requirements
as far as eighteen years in advance; this forecast being made by extend-
ing a curve based on the growth of that community during a certain
number of years previously. This portion of Mr. Pearce's paper was
most complete, and was clearly impressed upon the members through
the assistance of the lantern slides, describing the ways and means
in detail.

It was shown how, by means of a wrongly located telephone
exchange in a city, the expenditure and upkeep would be greatly
increased, over one that had been properly located. Mr. Pearce at
this time showed how much more difficult it was to serve some cities
than others, due to street lay-outs, etc., the ideal lay-out being a city
with a back alley running lengthwise the streets. Mr. Pearce told
of the development in telephone cable as used to-day; of the placing
of the cables underground instead of carrying them on poles, of the
advantages derived from the method of transmission, and describing
how this main artery is carried out from the exchange through the
streets of the city that will give the most efficient and economic distribu-
tion of service wires to that section of the city. At this point in the
lecture Mr. Pearce passed several samples of cable around for the in-
spection of the members. In conclusion, Mr. Pearce explained most
clearly the construction of two types of pole terminals, which drew
from several members questions which were readily and satisfactorily
answered.

Lethbridge Branch

Geo. S. Brown, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.

Another successful and well attended meeting of the Lethbridge
Branch was held at the Y.M.C.A. on December 15th, C. D. Mac-
Kintosh, m.e.i.c, occupied the chair and presided over the meeting in
his usual genial and happy manner.

E. G. Stemdale Bennett contributed two well rendered songs
and E. B. Sloan presided at the piano, and the thanks of the branch
are due these gentlemen for helping to make the musical part of the
programme a success.

Foundations and Steel Structures

C. F. Draper, m.e.i.c, bridge engineer of the C.P.R., gave a paper
on "Foundations and Steel Structures", with special reference to the
Cowley bridge. Mr. Draper said: The washout caused by the tre-
mendous floods which is now a matter of history occurred about June
8th and resulted in three of the concrete piers of the Cowley bridge
being displaced and four piers had to be reinforced and reconditioned.

The geological formation of the rock around the bridge sight and
the formation of the bed of the river presented unusual difficulties
in cofferdaming around the piers. The piers were jacketted with
reinforced concrete and link walls were built between the upstream
and downstream piers. When the piers were moved by the floods
they did not settle directly downward but took different angles which
caused the steelwork to become distorted and this had to be forced
back into position for which purpose four fifty-ton jacks were used.
A ten-day stop in traffic was all that was considered necessary and
even during that time certain transferring across the bridge was done.
Traffic was then resumed and carried on with certain limitations.
The work is now completed and all operating restrictions removed.

The speaker paid a tribute to the late James Finley who took a
prominent part in putting the bridge in shape for the resumption of
traffic immediately after the flood. Mr. Finley paid a visit to the
scenes of his labours in November and was taken sick there and died,
and thus, said the speaker, passed away a real genius as a bridge
erector.

Sam Porter, m.e.i.c, and Major Muckleston, m.e.i.c, made
fitting reference to the recent death of Lord Shaughnessy and Sir Wm.
McKenzie, both of whom had done much to build up Canada and
particularly western Canada, and both had for nearly all their lives
been closely affiliated with engineers.

A Real Irish Night

It was a real Irish night for the local branch on Saturday night
January 12th. The community singing ran to Irish songs. Mr. Teague
obliged the members by giving Irish solos and the main speaker
of the evening, it was said by many, if his wit and humour was any
criterion, must have been an Irishman. It was a splendid evening
and the large attendance of members and affiliates enjoyed every
minute of it.

The ladies of the Y.M.C.A., Auxiliary excelled themselves with
the dinner they served and with the orchestra of members kindly
assisted by Mrs. Dunning and Mr. Ludgate those assembled were
put in good humour from the word "GO". John Dow, m.e.i.c, who
has succeeded Colin MacKintosh, m.e.i.c, as chairman of the branch
kept the ball rolling. He announced that Fraser S. Keith, m.e.i.c,
the secretary of The Institute would pay this branch a visit in the
spring. He read a letter from Lord Shaughnessy acknowledging
letter of condolence from the branch on the death of the late Lord
Shaughnessy; made fitting reference to the departure of two valued
members in Major Muckleston and C. D. MacKintosh, m.e.i.c, and
stated that Roy Miles, m.e.i.c, has been appointed a member of the
executive.

The chairman took the opportunity of congratulating Mr. Miles
on having a brother who had just had the distinction of being made
a Fellow of Royal Society of Arts of London, England, and also P. M.
Sauder, m.e.i.c, on his becoming manager of the Lethbridge Northern
Irrigation System. Two new members were introduced, namely,
D. Jones of the Chinook Coal Company, and J. B. de Hart, district
inspector of mines for the provincial government.

The chairmen of the various committees reported the various
activities of the branch which showed that the Lethbridge engineers
are fully alive to their responsibilities. Mr. Broderick produced a
letter which he, as secretary of the Lethbridge Irrigation Council,
has received. Mr. Broderick said: "Among the mail which we receive
from all parts of the world concerning farming opportunities, we get
many strange requests, but strangest of all these, is one that we received
a few days ago from a German in the Rhur Occupied Zone. He presents
an interesting problem in engineering.

" 'If the Canadian Government,' he says, 'is interested in the
prosperity of the country, I have a special proposal which will
bring industry and agriculture, a whole new modern town! It
would only be necessary for Canada to give us autonomy for ten
years and permit us to print our own postage stamps and give us
ten years free of taxes. Canada would get a new town with
industries and agriculture. These desired rights are our capital
which brings money for building and buying machinery. After
ten years all buildings and machines belong to the government,
and all profits made by these privileges will come in the hands
of the government. The desire is not to make money, but to
get money for the work. Without money nothing can be done.

" 'It would perhaps be necessary to make a great gate in the
Rocky mountains. It would cost millions! Then we could warm
the air from the Pacific and the whole climate could be changed
for the better. If we had such a gate we could also make a Pacific
channel to Winnipeg and Quebec! For these ideas we need one
hundred years. Not one generation can finish such ideas, but in
the interests of the country we start and the tenth generation
finishes.

" 'I do not wish to make profits. No, I wish to work for the
fascination of it and for the honour of my name and my new
fatherland. // / can eat three times daily I am satisfied.
" 'Please advise me what you think.' "

100

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

This proved too much for the local branch, and the members
gasped for breath and allowed the matter to remain for others to
tackle.

Fire Protection

After a short social intermission, Chairman Dow introduced
Chief Hardy, the speaker of the evening, whom he described as one
of the best "fire chiefs in Canada and had recently been the recipient
of a cup in recognition of his services which was well deserved. The
Chief said in part: "I can assure you that it gives me great pleasure
to appear before you this evening, and although I am rather timid as
this is the first time I have ever had anything like this to do, I will
do my best to say something of interest to you all. Of course I would
sooner be in a smokey building fighting fire than doing a job like this,
however, I am getting a start.

"While my whole life has been given up to fire fighting and which
is first on the list, I will make it second. For several years now my
aim has been fire protection before the fire starts, in fact I must say
that this should be the aim of every fire chief in Canada, and I am glad
to say that it is becoming more and more their theme every day.

"Fire protection costs money, and this is one of the reasons why
it is not looked upon with favour in villages, towns and cities, it is
counted a waste of money by those building new property.

"The municipalities are guilty of the same violation in neglecting
to have proper apparatus by which good protection could be given
to surrounding property when a fire does break out, and generally
after the fire has done great havoc, the people are willing to spend
three times the amount of money needed before the fire to purchase
the necessary apparatus, that would have probably prevented the
great damage done had it been purchased before the fire had occurred.

"I am glad to say to the credit of our city commissioners that
Lethbridge does not stand in that light, for during the last twelve years
when I have asked the city council for what was considered necessary,
it has always been purchased and has proved to be good business,
in fact if we had not the apparatus we now have on several occasions,
I venture to state that there would have been a large portion of this
city laying desolate through fire.

"Fire waste is a national problem, and we do not realize the great
waste in Canada yearly from fire, and it is increasing year after year
until in 1922 it reached the enormous figures of $54,390,600 or $6.20
per capita, and this did not include forest fires.

In 1898 the loss was $ 7,978,300. or $1.53 per capita.

In 1908 the loss was $18,922,100. or $2.91 per capita.

In 1918 the loss was $33,870,000. or $4.13 per capita.

"As I have already stated in the year 1922 the loss caused by fire
reached the highest point in the history of Canada and represents
the largest comparative fire loss ever recorded in any country of the
world, and 1923 seems to be running a close second, for in the first six
months the losses amounted to $26,674,330.

"Taking the whole loss from 1898 to 1922 inclusive, we have a
grand total, or I might say the disgraceful total, of $517,776,604. or
some one hundred and a half millions more than the whole public debt
of Canada before the Great War began." Chief Hardy then discussed
at length the false impression that these losses are met by insurance
companies, and that this waste is reduced.

In dealing with fire prevention in the home, he said, "The attic,
cellar, storeroom, closets, yard and outhouses should be cleaned at
least twice a year and all useless material removed or burned. Then
examine your furnaces and stove pipes. Then don't smoke in bed.
Perhaps those guilty of the practice may be too green to burn but the
beds are not. Just a few figures before closing the prevention part: —

Canada United Stales Gt. Britain

Estimated population 8,799,400 11,600,000 46,080,000

Total fire loss for 1922 54,390,600 521,860,000 30,812,000

Property value per capita 1,588 2,527 2,130

Loss per thousand of property

value 3.96 1.86 0.31

Chief Hardy then closed his remarks with a reference to modern
methods of fire fighting and to the importance of a general knowledge
of the principles of first aid.

A lively discussion, in which Messrs. Porter, Freeman, Broderick,
Meech and others took part and out of which grew some very important
ideas of which more will be heard later, brought a splendid evening
to a close.

Kingston Branch

A. Jackson, A.M. E.I. C, Secretary-Treasurer.

Bacteriology as Applied to Sanitation

At the regular meeting of the Branch, held November 26th, Doctor
Reid, professor of bacteriology, Queen's University, gave a most in-
teresting lecture on bacteriology as applied to sanitation. Doctor Reid
stated that the diseases generally arising from polluted water were

typhoid, dysentry, cholera and anthrax. The first being the most
common in this country. The trouble with an epidemic of typhoid,
frequently lay in the difficulty of tracing it. That is a number of
people may have contracted it, but by the time the disease has been
diagnosed as typhoid, the cause may have disappeared. Such a con-
dition arose in an eastern Ontario city a few years ago and was general-
ly traced to ice-cream, but the examination of five hundred samples,
failed to show any typhoid bacilli.

In some rural areas, the water supplied contains so much typhoid
bacilli from sewage drainage into it, that the average city dweller would
contract typhoid should he continue to drink it, whereas a resident of
the area who has been drinking it all his life is apparently immune.

The life of the typhoid bacilli in cold water is generally limited
from two to three days, but in the earth they would live a couple of
weeks, or under more favorable conditions would live a year. The
Niagara river, where it empties into lake Ontario, has a fairly high
bacteria content, but beyond a radius of eighteen miles of this point,
intestinal bacteria have all disappeared, and it is fit to drink. This
disappearance being due to dilution and also lack of food for the bacteria.
The preceding applies generally where a river enters into a large body
of water.

A couple of slides of the map of Europe showed by varied degrees
of shading, the number of cases of intestinal diseases. Eastern Europe
shows a considerable percentage more of these diseases than western,
where the water supply is regulated along scientific lines. A number
of slides were shown of the different bacteria, and the method explained
as to how they were made.

London Branch

E. A. Gray, Jr. E.I.C., Secretary-Treasurer.
R. I. Olmsted, A.M.E.I.C, Branch News Editor.

A special meeting of the London Branch was held on Wednesday,
December 12th, in the Board room of the Public Utilities Commission.
In the absence of the chairman and vice-chairman, J. R. Rostron,
a.m.e.i.c, presided.

A most interesting paper was presented by W. M.Veitch a.m.e.i.c,
sewer engineer of London, and A. J. Stevens, M.E.i.c, presented
the report of the Coal Committee. Mr. Veitch's paper dealt with the
essential features of sewer design and his brief treatment of this import-
ant subject contained a number of important facts which were presented
in a very interesting manner.

Sewage Disposal

The branch was fortunate in having E. B. Besselievre, sanitary
engineer of the engineering firm, The Door Company, New York, who
gave an inpromptu address on "Sewage Disposal."

Mr. Besselievre gave a brief resume of the different systems of
sewage treatment from the first method, that of dilution to the latest
mechanical devices in operation, in connection with the activated
sludge process of treatment.

The first method of sewage treatment by dilution in streams had
been largely abandoned owing to pollution, the next method was broad
irrigation, this method has become too costly, due to the high price
of land, in close proximity to a city. Then came sedimentation tanks,
sedimentation and filters. This also covers a wide expanse of valuable
land. The modern trend of sewage disposal seems to be towards the
least initial and operating cost to produce an effluent which will satisfy
the health officials.

The old methods were by no means inefficient. In the majority
of cases they have gone out of commission due to mis-use and lack of
proper attention. A simple design usually entails manual control
which in many cases is difficult to obtain. The principle of the activated
sludge process was carefully explained, together with the latest develop-
ments in American practice. The present-day engineers are trying to
simplify the design by cutting down in aeration tank depth and the
installation of mechanical devices to free the sewage from extraneous
matter before treatment, and also by the adoption of devices for the
rapid production and collection of sludge.

At the conclusion of Mr. Besselievre's address, the coal report
was presented, following which the papers presented called forth a
considerable amount of discussion, all present participating.

A Joint Meeting

An open meeting at which some three hundred interested members
of the combined clubs were present, was held on December 19th, in
the auditorium of the Collegiate Institute under the joint auspices of
the London Branch, the Canadian Club, the Women's Canadian Club
and the Chamber of Commerce. The programme consisted of moving
pictures covering the interesting points of the voyage of the C. G. S.
Arctic during 1922 and 1923, and enlarged on by the officer in command,
Capt. J. D. Craig, d.l.s., m.e.i.c, who was the speaker of the evening.

Prior to the meeting , the executives of the clubs entertained Capt.
Craig at a dinner in the Blue Dragon Tea Rooms, with E. V. Buchanan,
m.e.i.c, presiding.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

101

Annual Meeting

The annual meeting and dinner of the London Branch was held
on Januara 16th, at the Tecumseh hotel at 6.30 p.m. The Branch
was unusually fortunate in having as guests Walter J. Francis, C.E.,
M.e.i. c, president of The Institute, Willis Chipman, B.A.Sc, M.E.I.C,
president of the Association of Professional Engineers of Ontario,
F. S. Lazier, b.Sc., M.E.I.C, divisional engineer, Welland ship canal,
representing the Niagara Peninsula Branch. Invitations were extended
to J. B. Challies, c.E., M.E.I.C., and several others who could not be
present.

The annual financial report was presented by E. A. Gray, jr.E.i.c,
secretary-treasurer, and was adopted. Following the annual report
the elections were held with the following results:—

Chairman E. V. Buchanan, m.e.i. c, general manager, Public

Utilities Commission.

Vice-Chaifman W. C. Miller, B.A.Sc, A.M.E.I.C, city engineer,

St. Thomas.
Executive Committee .W '. P. Near, b.a.Sc, m.e.i.c, city engineer,
London; H. A. Brazier, m.e.i.c, of the construc-
tion firm of Boss & Brazier; R. S. Olmsted,
a.m.e.i.c, J. R. Rostron, a.m.e.i.c, city engineer's
department, London; Chas. Talbot, a.m.e.i.c,
county engineer, county of Middlesex.

Ex-Officio Major W.J.Forbes-Mitchell, d.s.o., m.e.i.c,

Department of Public Works of Canada.
Secretary-Treasurer . .E. A. Gray, Jr.E.i.c, Public Utilities Commission.
The following resolution was passed: — That the secretary write
the past-chairman, W. J. Forbes-Mitchell expressing the regret of
the members that the retiring chairman was unable to be present and
extending to him the best wishes for a speedy recovery in health.

E. V. BUCHANAN, M.E.I.C.
Chaiman, London Branch

In the absence of the retiring chairman, E. V. Buchanan, M.E.I.C.,
the incoming chairman presided, and gave the following address:

Address by Newly- elected Chairman

Gentlemen :

I wish to thank you for the honour you have done me in electing
me chairman of the London Branch of The Engineering Institute of
Canada. I think I realize the responsibilities placed upon me. The
position will be hard to fill because of the men who have preceded me —
Mr. H. A. Brazier during the organization year and Mr. Forbes-Mitchell
last year. Permit me to express my regret at this time that Mr. Forbes-
Mitchell was unable to complete his term of office on account of the
condition of his health. With your permission the secretary will write
Mr. Forbes-Mitchell regretting that he was not with us this evening,
and wishing him a speedy recovery.

In assuming an office of this kind it is natural, first, to consider
the aims of the organization, then take stock to see if these objectives
are being reached. The aims of The Engineering Institute of Canada
are stated thus: —

"To facilitate the acquirement and interchange of profes-
sional knowledge among its members, to promote their
professional interests, to encourage original research, to
develop and maintain high standards in the engineering
profession and to enhance the usefulness of the profession
to the public."

Let us give this statement our consideration for a few moments.
There is no doubt in my mind that the branch has well and ably fulfilled
the first requirement that is, "To facilitate the interchange of profes-
sional knowledge". The papers presented before the branch have been
of a high standard and discussions have shown a keen interest by the
membership. In the second place we have done much to promote
the professional interests of the members. We have lent our aid to
the formation of the Association of Professional Engineers of Ontario,
which is now well on its way to success and of which we will hear
more this evening.

Again in the promotion of research, we can take to our credit
the report of our Fuel Committee and its recommendations to the
parent body. I believe, however, that the promotion of research
should always be kept before us. The great dependency of the world
upon its industrial organization not alone for comforts but for the
very vitals of life, dictates that haphazards be replaced by knowledge,
and more knowledge can only be obtained by research.

The cause of research always obtains impetus when a great
discovery is proclaimed. London claims Dr. Banting, and so, locally,
we have heard a great deal about research in the sphere of medical
science. Let us hope London will be as fortunate in the realm of
engineering. While we may only hope for such an honour for London
we feel confident that Canada must some day have the eyes of the
world directed towards her by the accomplishment of one of her
engineers.

Well may we have confidence in Canada to bear her part in speed-
ing the progress of humanity through scientific achievement, when we
note the magnificent progress made by our technical colleges and
universities and the calibre of the men which they are turning out,
and who are members of our Institute. To-day in some western
Ontario town another Edison may be maturing his genius as Edison
did in the obscurity of a railway telegrapher's job in Sarnia and Strat-
ford, — another budding scientist to follow in the footsteps of the
Brantford hobbyist who emerged from his study of a bit of charred
paper to give the world the telephone and the name and fame of
Alexander Graham Bell.

The final objective which I mention is to my mind the most
important one that is to enhance the usefulness of the profession to
the public.

Lord Bacon has truly said that there are three things which make
a nation great and prosperous, fertile soil, busy workshops, and easy
conveyance for men and commodities from one place to another.
Canada has been blessed with fertile soil in abundance, but we must
not forget the thousands of acres which have been made useful by
irrigation projects and other engineering feats. Within the memory
of nearly all of us, and who are all young, Canada has turned from
a land of scattered agriculturists to a country of industrial production.
The change has come through engineers who have provided the means
of communication. What country in the world can boast of such
a magnificent railway system as Canada? What country, when its
youth and population is considered can boast of such good roads and
bridges? Its telephone and telegraph system is as good as the best.

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102

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

The engineers have put machinery not. only to do the work in the
factory, but have turned it to remove the drudgery of detail in the
store, the office, the home and the farm. They have put methods
into management and knowledge where ignorance has taken toll.
Have not then the engineers proved their usefulness to the public?
We emphatically answer, YES. But do we not hide our light under
a bushel?

The world knows that Henry Ford is the master of low production
costs, of industrial efficiency. The world is scarcely aware that Ford's
true genius is in his recognition of the limitless possibilities of science
in industry, or that his low priced car is more a product of his labor-
atories than of his workshops.

Humanity, though scarcely conscious of the fact, is learning to
lean upon the engineer. The' passenger who trusts himself to the
express speeding 75 miles an hour, to the bridge across the Thames,
the elevator in the office building or the ship that puts to sea, places
his life in the hands of the authority who tells him that is a safe thing
to do. This is not courage, but confidence. Courage is the attribute
of the designers who stake their irreparable reputations in telling the
capitalist that the enterprise is safe for his money, and the patron that
it is safe for his life. It is the scientist in his laboratory, the engineer
at his desk, who tests and delves with positive calculation to tell the
world. "That's right. Go ahead".

Sir James Barry said recently, "The man of science," and I suppose
he included the man of practical science, "is the only man who has
anything to say to-day, but he is the only man who does not know
how to say it". This is probably one of the chief factors for want
of recognition of the engineer. Let us, therefore, with these facts in
mind take an interest in public affairs and in commerce, not for any
selfish reason, not for any vain glorification, but because we know that
we have a mission to fulfill, because we know that our training fits
us to see clearly the reason for many of our economic troubles, and,
therefore, help to solve them.

Rudyard Kipling in his rectorial address delivered recently at
St. Andrews University, said, men who have been taught not to waste
or muddle material under their hand, are less given to muddle, or
mis-handle, moral, intellectual and emotional issues, than the men
whose wastage has never been checked, or who look to have their
wastage made good by others. The proof is plain.

There is an opportunity in this situation for our London Branch.
Let us make our united capacity for handling the larger problems of
London and western Ontario, available for the guidance of the public
in public enterprises where expert knowledgement is a special need.

Should not each of our members bring the larger problems of his
own experience and practice before our meetings for discussion, not
as a substitute for professional consultation, but as a means of keeping
the members of The Institute and the public abreast of progress, and
availing ourselves of the strength that will flow from such co-operation.

Willis Chipman, M.E.I.C., reviews the History of the
Provincial Association

The chairman then called on Mr. Chipman for a few words.

Mr. Chipman stated that in 1891 he had been called to London
to assist in solving the sewer problems that faced the city at that
time, and that he had made a recommendation that was just now
being adopted, that of metering the water. He detailed the history
of the Ontario Association of Professional Engineers, relating how the
assent of the legislature was gained to the bill incorporating it. That
was slightly more than a year ago, and there were now more than
1,000 members.

President Francis gratified at Progress of Branch

Mentioning that Mr. Francis, in 1923, had travelled some 78,000
miles, and that therefore he had honoured London in being present,
Mr. Buchanan introduced the president of The Institute.

Mr. Francis stated that he was gratified at the progress London
was making in engineering. There were now over 5,000 members of
the E.I.C., a representative body of the profession in Canada, with
24 branches. Originally formed in 1887 as the Canadian Society of
Engineers, it stretched from coast to coast.

Stating that there were 118 branches of engineering, Mr. Francis
said it was difficult for the public to understand the engineer's position
in public life. There had been great advancements in engineering in
the past twenty years, and still greater were coming, but with it all,
the engineer must take his place as a citizen of the community and
more interest in public affairs. Referring to Quebec, he said that the
public there were beginning to ask questions regarding the work of the
profession in that province, where it was now being made illegal for any
incompetent person to practise without showing his credentials to the
association of engineers. This protected the public.

"The engineer is entitled to stand shoulder to shoulder with the
other professions," he declared, "but we must stop cutting fees and
seeking jobs."

One of the greatest things The Institute was doing for the engineer
was the cultivating of friendship and the mutual confidence it inspired.
The aim of the engineer should be that perfection of character develop-
ed by service to his fellow-man, this being the greatest asset obtainable.
An engineer must have a sound head, heart and physique to render
that service that brings happiness. He that rendered service would
obtain happiness, which consisted of love of fellow-man, a clear con-
science, and enough money.

A vote of thanks was also extended to J. W. Peart for officiating
at the piano, and to J. R. Rostron, a.m.e.i.c, for the preparation of the
attractive programme in the form of a blueprint embodying some
design of structural drafting, together with a fine sample of lettering.

The vote of thanks to them was moved by H. Craig, a.m.e.i.c,
and seconded by Major P. de L. De Passy, jr.E.i.c.

The meeting proved most enthusiastic and the incoming officers
are assured most hearty co-operation during their term of office.

A toast to the King was proposed by the chairman. Many
selections were enjoyed from The Engineering Institute song sheet,
including a special interpretation of Alouette by the genial president.
The meeting closed with the singing of the national anthem.

Montreal Branch

E. A. Ryan, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.
W. H. Abbott, A.M.E.I.C, Branch News Editor.

The annual meeting of the Montreal Branch was held on December
20th, 1923, and notwithstanding very inclement weather, was well
attended. The retiring chairman of the branch, John T. Farmer,
m.e.i. c, presided.

The proceedings were opened by the chairman calling upon the
Papers and Meetings Committee to present their report, following which
the chairman presented an address covering the activities of the Montreal
Branch during the year 1923. This address forms part of the annual
report of the branch published elsewhere.

The chairman presented the report of the scrutineers and announced
that the following members had been duly elected: —

Chairman, O. O. Lefehvre, m.e.i. c.

Vice-Chairman, J. L. Busfield, m.e.i.c.

To Executive Committee: — W. C. Adams, m.e.i.c.

C. V. Christie, a.m.e.i.c.

P. S. Gregory, a.m.e.i.c.

Following a few words of welcome to the new members of the
Executive Committee, and short replies thereto, votes of thanks were
passed to the retiring chairman, to the retiring executive and different
committees. A vote of thanks to the press was also unanimously
carried, and a reply thereto was made in eloquent terms by Tom Passing-
ham of the Montreal Gazette.

The meeting concluded with a standing vote of sympathy to the
relatives of the late Sir Wm. McKenzie in their recent bereavement.

O. O. Lefebvre, m.e.i.c, the new chairman of the Montreal Branch,
was elected a student of The Institute in 1903, an Associate Member
in 1912, and a Member in 1920. He has continuously displayed an
active interest in the affairs of the branch, and has been on the Executive
Committee almost continuously since its inception. Outside of The
Institute, Mr Lefebvre is well known owing to his official position as
chief engineer of the Quebec Streams' Commission, in which position
he has been responsible for carrying out very large engineering works
in the province of Quebec, which have been described from time to
time in the pages of The Engineering Journal.

J. L. Busfield, m.e.i.c, the newly elected vice-chairman of the
branch, has been actively connected with the branch organization for
a number of years. His activities as secretary during the years 1920-
1921 and 1922 have been largely contributory to the success of the
branch. Mr. Busfield is in private practice as a consulting engineer,
being a member of the firm of Beaubien, Busfield and Company.

The three new elected committeemen are all members of the branch
who took an active interest in its affairs through being members of the
Papers and Meetings Committee during the past year. W. C. Adams,
m.e.i.c, is chief engineer of the Northern Electric Company, Ltd.;
C. V. Christie, a.m.e.i.c, is professor of electrical engineering, McGill
University; P. S. Gregory, a.m.e.i.c, is assistant to the vice-president
of the Shawinigan Water and Power Company, Ltd., Montreal.

At the first meeting of the new Executive Committee for the year
1924, a number of appointments were made to the various committees,
as follows: —

Chairman, Papers and Meetings Committee, W. C. Adams, M.E.I.C

Chairman, Civil Section, H. Massue, a.m.e.i.c

Chairman, Electrical Section, L. H. Marrotte, M.E.I.C

Chairman, Mechanical Section, J. D. Alder, M.E.I.C.

Chairman, Industrial Section, A. F. Hanley, a.m.e.i.c

W. H. Abbott, a.m.e.i.c, was appointed chairman of Publicity
Committee and Branch News Editor.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

103

G. R. MacLeod, M.E.I. c, and J. L. Busfield, m.e.i.c, were appoint-
ed an Examining Committee to report on all applicants for admission
to the Montreal Branch to the Executive Committee, and J. L. Busfield,
m.e.i.c, was appointed chairman of the Reception Committee.

A committee comprising O. O. Lefebvre, m.e.i.c, J. A. Duchastel,
m.e.i.c, and P. B. Motley, m.e.i.c, was appointed to follow the pro-
ceedings with regard to the projected Montreal-South Shore bridge.
This committee will keep in touch with those interested in the project.

The first meeting of the branch for the year 1924 was held on January
10th. At this meeting, F. P. Shearwood, m.e.i.c, presided and Pro-
fessor H. M. Mackay, m.e.i.c, presented a paper on "Some Second-
ary and Impact Effects in Pony Truss Railway Bridges". This paper,
which was of a technical nature, dealt with observations made by Prof.
Mackay on low truss bridges under train loads, with diagrams illustrating
his arguments. It was illustrated by a series of lantern slides, and
proved of interest to engineers engaged in such work.

Following the paper, Messrs. Motley, Tennant and Pratley took
part in the discussion, and the general feeling appeared to be one of
satisfaction that the stresses as found by Professor Mackay agreed so
closely with the calculated stresses.

Niagara Peninsula Branch

R. W. Downie, A. M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.
R. Hogg, Jr. E.I.C., Branch News Editor.

Electrical Night

The January meeting took place on Wednesday evening, January
9th, at the hotel Reeta, Welland, when those members who attended
were amply repaid for their zeal in facing the rather inclement weather,
by the very interesting addresses provided by the various speakers.

The previous day had witnessed the ceremonial switching on of
power from the new 55,000 kv.a., generator No. 6., at the Queenston
plant of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario. F.H. Farmer,
a.m.e.i.c, representing the Canadian Westinghouse Company, des-
cribed in detail the work leading up to this event, from the day when
the commission made the contract with his company, until the unit
was turned over to the commission as complete.

Some of the matter contained in Mr. Farmer's address was included
in a paper read before the Hamilton Branch in March, 1922, and again
at Montreal last session, so that a bare synopsis should suffice for
this account.

The demand for electric energy from the Queenston power plant
was such, that the output from the first four units was absorbed almost
as soon as it was available. No. 5 machine was under way at the end
of 1922, and it became apparent that in order to keep pace with require-
ments the installation of No. 6 should not be delayed. On January
10th, 1923, a contract was concluded with the Canadian Westinghouse
Company, for the supply of one vertical 55,000-kv.a., generator, 12,000-
v., to be installed and in operation by January 10th, 1924. A penalty
was imposed, on a per diem basis, for any delay beyond this time, and
a corresponding bonus for completion before this date, both to be oper-
ative for a maximum period of thirty days.

With the bonus as incentive, and with a relatively short time at
their disposal, the company's engineers were called upon to practise
many novel methods of time saving. Contrary to the usual proceedure
of assembling and winding generators in position, it was necessary to
attempt the assembly of the stator and rotar at chosen positions on the
floor of the power house, and than to move them bodily to their final
location on the bed-plate. In making this attempt, the features to
be considered were as follows: — Selection of a suitable location on the
floor of the power house capable of carrying the load of the completed
stator. The feasibility of building up the stator on supports instead of
on a continuous and level bed-plate. The feasibility of lifting the
completed stator and carrying it along the power house to its final
position.

A delay in installation of the turbine presented another problem.
It became necessary to bridge over the turbine pit with steel beams, so
that the work of placing the generator could proceed above. These
and other difficulties were surmounted in a manner which reflects
the greatest credit of the company's engineers, and permitted the
company to secure the full amount of bonus allowed by their agreement.
On December 10th, last, the commission were advised that the machine
was ready for operation.

Mr. Farmer's address was illustrated by a series of lantern slides
depicting the various stages of assembly and erection in the power
house. One of these, of more than usual interest, showed the mighty
stator, supported in mid-air by two powerful cranes, as it moved down
the power house, from the place of assembly to the bed-plate, During
this movement, there was a clearance of only three inches between
it and the rails of the other generators on the one side, and the
power house columns on the other. The movement was accomplished
without mishap.

Insulators

E. B. Snyder, of the Dominion Insulator and Manufacturing
Company Ltd., of Niagara Falls, Ont, followed Mr. Farmer with a
talk on insulators, and some of the problems involved in the trans-
mission of power on lines of great length or with limited clearances.

During the address samples were displayed of the high and low
voltage, heavy duty bus insulators, also one of the 3,000 ampere dis-
connect switches installed in the Queenston power station. Details
were given of the design and method of manufacture of these insulators,
and the special features incorporated to handle the electrical and
mechanical stress for maximum reliability and life.

The latter part of the address was illustrated by lantern slides and
dealt with the manufacture and selection of the line insulator for power
transmission. Interesting views of tests made in the company's high
voltage laboratory showed some of the startling results obtained in
a most important line of research.

Street Illumination

Street illumination was the subject of an illustrated address by
R. M. Love, of the Canadian General Electric Company, Mr. Love
sketched the history of street lighting, from its inception, when, in
1558, the inhabitants of Paris were ordered to place lighted candle
lanterns in front of their houses, down to the present time, with the
powerful electric lights which adorn the modern city streets.

"It is recognized" said the speaker, "that an adequate system of
street lighting is required to promote safety from attack and burglary,
to prevent stumbling and collision, to enable one to recognize the passer-
by, to create a sense of security, and to eliminate eye fatigue caused from
continual passing from dark to light, while glare striking the eye directly
from the source of light must be eliminated or reduced to a minimum".

How these various objects were attained, and how at the same time
the down-town lights of a city were made to be not only objects of
beauty in themselves, but means of illuminating the beauties of the
surrounding buildings and the windows of the merchants, was well
brought out by word and lantern pictures.

A description was also given of the batteries of powerful search
lights in use at Niagara Falls, to illuminate the cataract and the tumbling
rapids at its crest. The combined rays from these lights equal those
of 1,115,000,000 candles.

Trip over Queenston Power House

About fifty members of the Niagara Peninsula Branch meet at
Niagara Falls on Saturday afternoon, December 8th, motoring from there
to the Queenston power house. The afternoon was spent in a thor-
ough inspection of the business end of the Chippawa power canal.

Dinner was served at the Lafayette hotel, Niagara Falls. A new
song sheeet was on the menu, and served by Mr. Blanchard on the
piano, with Mr. Frost as chorous leader; the viands tasted delicious.

The business meeting opened with S. R. Frost, a.m.e.i.c, in the
chair.

The chairman called for the report of the By-law Committee.
The by-laws, as drawn up for approval, had already been placed in the
hands of all corporate members by mail. On behalf of the committee
of which he was chairman, F. S. Lazier m.e.i.c, requested that the by-
laws be discussed, amended if necessary, and approved at this meeting.
He then moved that the report be adopted. The motion was seconded
by A. C. D. Blanchard m.e.i.c, and carried.

Symposium on Fuel

The symposium on fuel, scheduled as the main item in the program-
me for the evening, was then introduced by the chairman. He referred
to a letter received from the president of The Institute, some time before,
in which the need of discussion on Ontario's fuel supply was urged on
the branch. The letter had been written early in the summer, when
a strike in the anthracite fields was imminent. This danger has passed,
said the chairman, but the relief is only of a temporary nature. The
needs of the province for an assured and permanent fuel supply for
domestic use, was a problem worthy of close study, a problem which,
as engineers, the members of the branch should discuss. From the time
that the coal left the mine, till it was consumed in the combustion cham-
ber, it's transportation by rail or water, to its economic use in the furnace
of the consumer, it required the skill of the engineer.

After these introductory remarks, the chairman requested A. J.
Grant, m.e.i.c, to take the chair during the ensueing discussion, so
that he himself might be free to deliver his paper on Coke.

The subject was divided into seven sections, covering a wide range
of possible sources of heat, and was delivered by the following, —
Pennsylvania Anthracite, by F. S. Lazier, m.e.i.c
American Bituminous, " L. B. McDonald, Branch Affiliate
Welsh Coals, " E. P. Johnson, a.m.e.i.c

Canadian Coals, " T. S. Scott, m.e.i.c

Coke, " S. R. Frost, a.m.ei.c.

Oil, " J- R- Bond, a.m.e.i.c.

Secondary Fuels " Walter Jackson, m.e.i.c.

104

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

Quebec Branch

Hector Cimon, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.

Forty members attended the monthly luncheon-meeting of the
Quebec Branch, held at the Chateau Frontenac on Monday, December
17th.

Chairman A. R. Decary, M.E.I.C, in an introductory speech said
that the members present would all regret the unavoidable absence of
Sir Georges Garneau who was to have spoken but was being detained
home through illness. It is understood, however, that Sir Georges
Garneau who, besides being an engineer, is a prominent citizen and
business-man, will address the members of the branch at one of the next
meetings. Fortunately, Mayor Samson and Mr. Ed. Tanguay, the
popular president of the Board of Trade, were the guests of the branch
and upon being introduced in very able terms by the chairman, deli-
vered some most interesting talks.

Mayor Samson said that it was a great, although unexpected,
pleasure for him to address a gathering of men who did so much for the
country and for the city of Quebec. He was an optimist and he believed
that the province of Quebec was only at the beginning of its development
They had but to look around them and they saw at once the natural
wealth of the country, natural wealth that could only be won by the
work of engineers.

The speaker referred to a recent visit he paid to the Grande De-
charge of lake St. John where, he said, one cannot believe without seeing
it what huge and wonderful development is taking place. It will be
a triumph of modern engineering and the source of great prosperity
for this district.

He incidentally called the attention of the audience to the necessity
of a highway between the city of Quebec and lake St. John, which must
be built in the near future. Good roads, he said, attracted tourists
and during the summer months tourists were invaluable. The finest
advertisement they wanted was a first hand knowledge on the part of
outsiders and this knowledge meant the realization of the resources of
the province. As soon as that knowledge was fully grasped by visitors,
capital would quickly flow into the country.

The second speaker, Mr. Ed. Tanguay, said that he would make no
apology for speaking about the Board of Trade, since he was the presi-
dent of that body. He said that during the week a drive was in progress
to secure new members for the Board and he hoped that many engineers
would see their way clear to join forces with an organization that was
endeavouring to advance the good of the city. It was a mistake to
assume that the Board was merely attempting to achieve good for the
business community and that it only needed the support of the business
men. As a matter of fact they needed the help of other as well. There
were many occasions when the advice of engineers was a decided ad-
vantage. Fortunately, they already had some engineers among their
members and their technical training, the speaker was pleased to re-
cognize, made them fit for discussing and quickly solving problems
which would appear most intricate to ordinary business men.

Mr. Tanguay pointed out the advantage of co-operative efforts.
He said that combinations of men were usually able to obtain
results that were denied to the individual. The very fact that they
were united carried weight with those they were dealing with. The
Board of Trade, concluded the speaker, was striving towards the well-
being of the city and it behooved everyone with the good of the city
at heart to join up.

The luncheon was concluded by a few words from A. E. Doucet,
M.E.i.c, who thanked the speakers for their interesting addresses.
Speaking on behalf of the engineers, he said that they were all anxious
to do their best for the province and their city.

St. John Branch

W. J. Johnston, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.

A meeting of the St. John Branch was held on December 20th, in
the New Brunswick Telephone Company's building, with H. F. Bennett,
a.m.e.i.c, chairman of the branch, presiding. An address well illus-
trated with lantern slides, was given by B. E. Claridge, Ph. B., M.F.,
on the development and scope of forest engineering.

The Development and Scope of Forest Engineering

When timber was abundant and easily reached there was no diffi-
culty in having it transported to the mill for manufacture. In time
the more accessible timber areas became depleted and it was necessary
to bring timber greater distances, The planning and construction of
works in the forest for the transportation of this timber is the work of
the forest engineer.

Forest engineering is one of the newer branches of the profession,
being little used and hardly necessary until the twentieth century.
It requires in particular a working knowledge of civil, mechanical and
electrical engineering, and in America has reached its greatest develop-
ment on the Pacific coast. A forest engineer often has to combine with
his duties those of a forester. True forestry is the art of growing timber
as a crop, whereas forest engineering deals with works for the conveyance
of timber from stump to mill.

The present difficulty of bringing timber long distances over rough
country requires serious economic study for its mode of transportation.
After stumpage charges, the average cost of an unmanufactured log
is 25 per cent for cutting and blocking, and 75 per cent for transportation
to mill. Lumber transportation systems vary with the country and type
of timber. On the Pacific slope on America where the timber is large-
sized, logging railways and power skidding are employed; in the central
and eastern sections, log-haulers on large operations and stream-driving
is employed ; in tropical countries the logs are carried by aerial cable
over the flat swampy ground and dense undergrowth.

The first duty of a forest engineer planning the cutting of an area is
the preparation of a map showing contour, type and density of stand
of timber, and such other detail as may be required. Actual maps
have varied in cost from $27.00 per square mile for area surveyed, to
a maximum of $851.50 per square mile in the case of a large American
lumber company. Some firms execute all lumbering operations from
detail maps. From the map is decided the primary and secondary
systems of transportation. This depends on topography, size of timber,
size of operation. The construction programme, and its order of
procedure must be decided on.

A proper amortization scheme of accounting must provide the
writing off a large depreciation over a comparatively short term of years.
The usual logging operation requires low initial cost with high operating
and maintenance charges over a period of from twenty to thirty years.

The first logging railway was built in Michigan in 1876. At present
the standard of construction is an intensitive study and is based on the
unit cost of traffic per ton-mile. With some exceptions, grades are
limited to 5 per cent and curves to 18 degrees. Equipment used includes
air-brake and standard coupling. On secondary roads the geared-type
locomotive is used, while the light rod-connected locomotive gives good
results on better-class roads. In Washington, these logging
railways have trestles up to 125 feet high, all piles in single length,
while Howe-truss bridges up to 1 10-foot span are used. All trestles and
bridges are of wood.

Flumes, from one to seventy miles long, sometimes carried in
tunnels through mountains, and occasionally also serving irrigation
purposes, are used to transport timber. A knowledge of water supply
and leakage is most important. The speaker mentioned several cases
where completed works proved a failure through lack of water. When
logs are floated to the mill a knowledge of earth and timber dam cons-
struction is necessary. These dams are built at headwaters of streams
to ensure water for log-driving.

The protection of forests requires the construction of trails, roads,
telephone lines and look-out towers, and this work falls to the forest
engineer. At times he constructs ditches in swampy country or breast-
works on plains of shifting sand, and by combining with his duties
those of a forester helps to reclaim waste areas by planting grass and
trees.

A common method of moving logs is by the slide or chute. Two
logs are placed side by side and cut V-shaped on the inside and the
depression between the logs kept greased in summer and iced, where
possible, in winter.

The speaker who is professor of forest engineering at the University
of New Brunswick, Fredericton, mentioned the method of handling
the 3,600-acre wood lot on the grounds of the provincial university. A
re-forestation policy is proposed for all waste areas by planting spruce
and pine. The seed will be obtained from the seed-extraction plant
now under construction by the N. B. Government at Fredericton. A
definite policy of cutting on this wood-lot has been decided on which
will maintain the supply of wood and in time be a better revenue-
producer.

Referring briefly to forestry practice the speaker declared that any
forestry policy should perpetuate the stand of the forest and not be
exhaustive as mining.

Edmonton Branch

W. R. Mount, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary-Treasurer.

At 8.15 p.m., on the evening of December 13th, R. S. L. Wilson,
a.m.e.i.c, (chairman) called the second regular meeting of the season
to order. After the reading of minutes of the previous meeting, Mr. Wilson
introduced Professor Kleven, of the Department of Law, University
of Alberta, as the speaker of the evening, whose subject was "Some
Applications of Law to Engineering." The speaker commenced his
remarks by showing how the law of the present has been built up from
the codes of the past, and how decisions handed down by the courts
of the past served as guiding principles for the lawyers to-day. He
went on to show how many apparent irregularities of the law and appa-
rently unreasonable decisions where based on well established and clearly
defined precedents and were not so unreasonable as appeared. The
laws of Canada were derived largely from the laws of England, which
laws had attained higher standards than in any other country. It
was then shown how respect and observance of the law was more highly
developed in England than elsewhere.

February, 1924

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

105

Professor Kleven also dealt briefly with the relations of an engineer to
corporations and other public bodies. Many instances of court deal-
ings with contractors were cited and after his paper, discussion took
place chiefly in connection with incompleted contracts and contracts
made invalid for various reasons.

On January 16th, in the Board of Trade rooms, the members
of the Edmonton Branch combined with the Northern Alberta Branch
of the C.I.M. & M., in entertaining the engineering students of the
University of Alberta.

The entertainment took the form of a social evening and smoker
and was the means of returning hospitality received from the students
a year ago.

Howard Stutchbury, provincial trade commissioner, presided, and
was supported by Norman Fraser, of the Mining Institute and A. G.
Stewart, a.m.e.i.c, in the absence of R. L. S. Wilson, a.m.e.i.c, chair-
man of the Edmonton Branch, who was confined to bed.

Light refreshments were served and an excellent programme of
solos, stunts, yarns and choruses was provided, about 100 students
and members being present.

Short speeches of welcome by the presiding officers and of thanks
by representatives of the students commenced and terminated the
evening. The success of the entertainment was assured by the efforts
of Messrs. Stansfield and Haddow on behalf of the E.I.C. Branch,
and Messrs. Jones and Stevens of the C.I.M. & M.

Peterborough Branch

R. C. Flitton, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary.

The age-old quest for gold that from earliest times has challenged
the spirit of hardihood and adventure in man was the subject of a very
interesting talk in the Chamber of Commerce on December 14th, by
A. F. Brigham, general manager of the Hollinger Consolidated Gold
Mines. The meeting was under the auspices of the Peterborough
Branch, and was featured by the presence of a great many visitors.
R. B. Rogers, M.E.I.C, presided.

Gold Mining in Northern Ontario

In the course of his explanatory talk, Mr. Brigham described in
detail, but in easily comprehensible language, the processes involved
in bringing gold from its lair in the quartz veins to the bullion boxes.

In 1909, he said, a man named Wilson, grubstaked by a Chicago
man, found the dome mine, so-called because the quartz protruded from
the ground like a dome. A vein of gold discovered there was 2 feet by
5 inches, and there have been no spectacular discoveries of gold in the
Porcupine district since.

A couple of million dollars in gold ore were taken from the Porcu-
pine Crown mine, he said, but this is now idle. Just over the hill a
man put in his pegs in what is now Hollinger mine territory.

One of the difficulties in mining in this country is the general nearly
vertical dip of the veins. This means that if valuable ore is found the
doubtful quantity is the depth to which it extends. The most wonderful
mines in the world are those where the veins run horizontally, and it

is easy, by following the vein, to estimate the value. The value of the
property is an indefinite problem in the Hollinger field, but there is
a strong probability from present indications that gold will persist in
paying quantities farther than it can be followed. A test showed a
value of $150,000 per vertical foot to the 425-foot level and a further
test to the 800-foot level ran a little higher. "We have plans completed
to carry the shaft to the 3,000-foot level and that, at $150,000 a foot,
would return $450,000,000 in gold on a property of twenty acres. Of
this $220,000,000 will be spent in winning the gold."

"With the exception of a few inported chemicals and certain licenses
for American patents," said Mr. Brigham, amid applauses, "this $220,-
000,000 will be spent in the Dominion of Canada."

Describing the methods of drilling, sinking shafts, and hauling
the ore, Mr. Brigham said there are 13,000 tons of ore coming out of
that district every day, with an average value of $8. a ton. In the mines
the ore is hauled by electric locomotives, about 75 tons of ore being
hauled on one train. The round trip of a locomotive in the mine from
the loading point and back averages 6,000 feet. In connection with
the operation of the locomotives, the speaker remarked that the develop-
ment of the mines is inseparably linked up with hydro-electric de-
velopment, as they could not operate on a paying business without elec-
tric power.

The output of tailings, or waste material, from the Hollinger mine,
would fill a coal train over a mile long every day. The disposition of
this 5,000 tons of debris daily is a difficult problem, Mr. Brigham said.

Sixteen hundred assays are made every day to ascertain the exact
quality of the ore being mined. A research department is maintained
to examine the history of the rocks, about which nothing is known yet.

The same rocks are found in the Rocky Mountains, in Labrador
and at Lake of the Woods, showing the possibility of development in
other fields quite as rich as the Porcupine district of Ontario. What
is required, Mr. Brigham said, is belief in the project and energy and in-
telligence to guide in the development work.

Among the constructive suggestions offered by the speaker, he ad-
vocated the allowance by the government of the entire royalty col-
lected from mining operations to the towns connected with the mines
until they are sanitary and provided with schools. A very large element
of the population of these towns is technically trained and desirous of
living decently. The mines to-day are paying for men with brains
rather than for men with brawn, and a good type of town should be
built.

The lecture was concluded with the exhibition of four government
films depicting the mining industry and processes from the staking of
the claim to the boxing of the bullion.

Calgary Branch

/. A. Spreckley, A.M.E.I.C, Secretary.

W. St. J. Miller, A.M.E.I.C, Branch Editor.

One of the most important E.I.C, events of the year, at least from

a social standpoint, is the annual dinner of the Calgary Branch. This

was held in the Board of Trade rooms on Monday, January 7th. The

occasion was such that a gala feast of good edibles gave place to revelry

y\ \

^Tv

Jmenvftj/ MfT\\ [Program ^

Th« Beginnin g
Celery • Olives

Clous* A Cocktail

Consomme^ Vendor
-Fish -

Jigqt
Td -TdSeucc

-Roa»+-.-
Turkey a la veemeek

Tht point of diversion
-* Vegetables, •-
.Sunkist Fbtutoes
SayihviKi Cauliflowers
— Dessert —
Claws dV, Min:spy
ytsno bananas, Solar Plems apples
Maqqie Cheese
Coffee Tea

Tr,ep. a klo«J ( Hom< t,rcw) (txtradry)

- PROGRftMMJL -

ThUKlMG
Proposed by the Chairman

Thc Institute
Proposed by the newest Member

Five minutes rapid fire talks. Speakers
to be announced from the Chair

Musical Items . Community singing

Stunts

Toast to

Our Gucsts

Proposed by all Members present

in basso profundo.

God save: the: King

St-unhOrganijei — WBTNottkb
Programme A Music- W.S'J Mii-i_c»

106

THE ENGINEERING JOURNAL

February, 1924

by night — in moderation. Seldom has an evening passed with so
much concerted (not concentrated) spirit. Talking of the latter,
opinions were voiced regarding a certain branch being much envied for
its close proximity to a certain province, and the toughtful manner in
which entertainment across the border was arranged ! Jealousy, that's
all.

The chair was very ably occupied by P. J. Jennings, m.e.i.c,
in the absence of Chairman V. Meek, A.M.E.I.C'., who was detained in
Ottawa on business. Vice-Chairman Emery was also out of town on
business. Mr. Jennings handled the various affairs throughout the
evening in a commendable manner, not a detail being overlooked. It
was mainly due to his thoughtfully drawn up agenda that everything
went without a hitch.

Some seventy-five members and guests took their seats, and the
first thing to strike the eye was a suitably designed programme and menu.
It was after the incisors had incised and limbs were stretched in comfort
that one began to realize the sincerity of the quotation: —

"Snatch gaily the joys which the moment shall bring,

And away every care and perplexity fling".

Several stunts were pulled off under the direction of W. B. Trotter
a.m.e.i.c, and V. A. Newhall, a.m.e.i.c, to the mortification of selected
victims. Following "The King" R. M. Dingwall, a.m.e.i.c, the young-
est member present, was called upon to propose the toast to The Institute
which he did in a very pleasing manner. A varied musical programme,
under the direction of W. St. J. Miller, a.m.e.i.c, was presented, which
included some of our best local talent, and was much enjoyed. Between
the various items five minute rapid fire talks were interspersed from
members on subjects of particular interest.

A Review of Conditions in Alberta

D. W. Hays, m.e.i.c, struck an optimistic note in his reference
to the prospects for 1924 and advised his hearers to "pack up your
troubles in your old Kit Bag", as had just been sung at the dinner
table. He however acknowledged that a song just concluded "It is
quiet down here", appropriately suited the occasion so far as the past
year was concerned. The subject of tax reduction was touched on, and
he backed up his optimistic attidude with a reference to the extensive
undeveloped resources in the province of Alberta.

A. S. Dawson, m.e.i.c, referred to the cessation of construction
work in the province, intimating that he saw little promise of any
improvement in this line for some years. He advised members to give
greater attention to national and community affairs, and eulogized the
engineering profession while pointing out the high esteem in which its
members are in general held to-day. Referring to irrigation he advocat-
ed the introduction of some different class of farming, if the greatest
success was to be attained.

Progress in Telegraph System

L. A. B. Hutton, a.m.e.i.c, was the next speaker, and outlined the
progressive programme followed hiring the year by the C.P.R., tele-
graph department. He stated that 17,000 miles of telegraph line were
in use by the company, 25 miles having been laid in the year. His
statistics showed 46,000 cars of 1923, crop had been shipped out of
the province during December, as compared with 24,000 during the same
month a year ago. 10,500,000 bushels had been shipped via Panama
to Great Britain up to December 1st.

B. Russell, a.m.e.i.c, of the reclamation service, Department of
the Interior, said that out of 1,000,000 acres surveyed for irrigation, only
30 per cent was settled, the remainder awaiting settlement.

A. L. Ford, m.e.i.c, referred to the matter of protection against
flood damages, stating that the Dominion Water Power Branch would
do everything possible to give the necessary service during the coming
year.

P. L. Philpots, speaking for F. J. Robertson, a.m.e.i.c, in connec-.
tion with Calgary Power Company pole lines, stated that 150 tons of
copper had been used, necessitating 50 carloads of freight on the new
power line during the last year, the estimates being placed at $250,000.

B. L. Thorne, m.e.i.c, estimated 7,000,000 tons of coal had been
mined and shipped from Alberta during 1923, thereby establishing a
record for this province. He enlarged upon the extraordinary difficul-
ties encountered by coal engineers in the extraction of this valuable pro-
duct, especially as regards surveying of the faulted seams so common in
our fields.

The doctors' and lawyers' professions were very ably represented by
Dr. D. S. MacNab and P. A. Carson respectively , each one speaking in
glowing terms concerning the brother profession of engineering.

Community singing and athletic stunts added a get-together-go-as-
you-please atmosphere, and a jolly evening was brought to a close by
singing a special adaptation of a popular song: —
"We are nearing the end of a perfect day,

A day that we'll never forget.
Every Member and Guest should go away

With thoughts that bring no regret.
For an engineer smiles during work or play,

And makes friendships that never fade.
So we'll grasp, at the end of this perfect day,
The hands of the friends we've made."

At the annual meeting of the Calgary branch of the Professional
Institute of Civil Service of Canada the following members of the E.I.C.,
were elected amongst others, as officers for the ensuing year — Chairman
A. G. Wilson, a.m.e.i.c, C. J. McGavin, a.m.e.i.c, representing the
Dominion Water Power Branch and W. St. J. Miller, a.m.e.i.c,
representing the Irrigation Division, Reclamation Service.

Ottawa Branch

F. C. C. Lynch, Affiliate E.I.C., Secretary-Treasurer.
A new method of treating the cheapest grades of slack coal by
which many by-products are secured and huge savings affected was
discussed before a meeting of the 'Ottawa Branch on the evening of
January 3rd, in the Victoria Memorial Museum, by A. J. Taylor,
of Toronto, president of the Combustion Engineering Corporation,
Limited. His subject was, "Powdered coal as an industrial fuel and
the relation of low temperature distillation to powdered coal".

Powdered Coal as an Industrial Fuel

Descriptions were given of the two largest pulverized coal installa-
tions in Canada, one of the Ford Motor Company at Walkerville,
consisting of three 1,300-h.p. boiler units, which are the largest boilers
in Canada, and which plant is the first in the world to be operated in
combination with a complete low temperature coal distillation plant.
Engineers all over the world are watching with great interest its
development.

The second plant tou